Marules[1][2][3] (also spelled Marolos[4] or Maruli[5]) was the Byzantine catepan of Italy in 1060/1061. Appointed by the Emperor Constantine X, he arrived in Bari between 1 September 1060 and 31 August 1061,[1][2] according to the Anonymous Chronicle of Bari.[6] He was the first catepan appointed after Argyros left Italy in 1058. He had been preceded in 1060 by a merarches, but the latter's offensive against the Normans had peaked before his arrival and he adopted a defensive posture.[5]
Marules was succeeded by Sirianus,[5] who arrived in Bari between 1 September 1061 and 31 August 1062.[1]
References
- ^ a b c Vera von Falkenhausen, Untersuchungen über die byzantinische Herrschaft in Süditalien vom 9. bis ins 11. Jahrhundert (O. Harrassowitz, 1967), p. 94, notes that the rare name Marules is attested from the 10th century.
- ^ a b André Guillou, "Production and Profits in the Byzantine Province of Italy (Tenth to Eleventh Centuries): An Expanding Society", Dumbarton Oaks Papers 28 (1974), p. 108. doi:10.2307/1291356.
- ^ William J. Churchill, The Annales Barenses and the Annales Lupi Protospatharii: Critical Edition and Commentary, PhD dissertation (University of Toronto, 1979), p. 312.
- ^ Ferdinand Chalandon, Histoire de la domination normande en Italie et en Sicile: Tome premier (Paris : Alphonse Picard, 1907), pp. 174–176.
- ^ a b c Jules Gay, L'Italie méridionale et l'empire Byzantin (New York: Burt Franklin, 1904), p. 526.
- ^ Ludovico Antonio Muratori (ed.), Rerum Italicarum scriptores, vol. V. (Milan, 1724), p. 152: Mill. LXI. Ind. XIIII. ... Et Maruli Catapanus vênit in Bari.
