Meissa

Meissa
	λ (circled) in the constellation Orion.
Observation data; Epoch J2000 Equinox J2000
Constellation	Orion
	A
Right ascension	05h 35m 08.27608s
Declination	+09° 56′ 02.9913″
Apparent magnitude (V)	3.7
	B
Right ascension	05h 35m 08.48130s
Declination	+09° 56′ 06.0995″
Apparent magnitude (V)	5.6
Characteristics
A
Spectral type	O8 III((f))
U−B color index	−1.01
B−V color index	−0.21
B
Spectral type	B0 V
U−B color index	−0.77
B−V color index	+0.04
Astrometry
Radial velocity (Rv)	+30.10 km/s
A
Proper motion (μ)	RA: +2.896 mas/yr ; Dec.: −3.183 mas/yr
Parallax (π)	2.5936 ± 0.4032 mas
Distance	approx. 1,300 ly ; (approx. 390 pc)
Absolute magnitude (MV)	−4.25
B
Proper motion (μ)	RA: +2.216 mas/yr ; Dec.: −1.986 mas/yr
Parallax (π)	2.4682 ± 0.1543 mas
Distance	1,320 ± 80 ly ; (410 ± 30 pc)
Absolute magnitude (MV)	−1.94
Details
A
Mass	34 M☉
Radius	13.4+3.9; −2.5 R☉
Luminosity	200,000+117,000; −74,000 L☉
Surface gravity (log g)	3.90 cgs
Temperature	35,000+2,000; −1,500 K
Metallicity [Fe/H]	0.03 dex
Age	4.2 Myr
B
Mass	10.3±0.7 M☉
Radius	4.2±0.8 R☉
Luminosity	6,300 L☉
Surface gravity (log g)	4.21±0.10 cgs
Temperature	25,400±500 K
Age	1.8 Myr
Other designations
	λ Orionis, 39 Orionis, 101 G. Orionis, BD+09°879, HIP 26207, SAO 112921
	A: HD 36861, HR 1879
	B: HD 36862, HR 1880
Database references
SIMBAD	λ Ori
	A
	B

Meissa /ˈmaɪsə/, designated Lambda Orionis (λ Orionis, abbreviated Lambda Ori, λ Ori) is a star in the constellation of Orion. It is a multiple star approximately 1,300 ly away with a combined apparent magnitude of 3.33.^[11] The main components are an O8 giant star and a B-class main sequence star, separated by about 4″. Despite Meissa being more luminous and only slightly further away than Rigel, it appears 3 magnitudes dimmer at visual wavelengths, with much of its radiation emitted in the ultraviolet due to its high temperature.

Nomenclature

Lambda Orionis is the star's Bayer designation. The traditional name Meissa derives from the Arabic Al-Maisan which means 'The Shining One'. Al-Maisan was originally used for Gamma Geminorum, but was mistakenly applied to Lambda Orionis and the name stuck.^[12] In 2016, the International Astronomical Union organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)^[13] to catalog and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN's first bulletin of July 2016^[14] included a table of the first two batches of names approved by the WGSN; which included Meissa for this star. It is now so entered in the IAU Catalog of Star Names.^[15]

The original Arabic name for this star, Al Hakah (the source for another name for it, Heka) refers to the Arabic lunar mansion that includes this star and the two of Phi Orionis (Al Haḳʽah, 'a White Spot').^[12] In Chinese, 觜宿 (Zī Sù), meaning Turtle Beak, refers to an asterism consisting of Meissa and both of Phi Orionis^[16] Consequently, the Chinese name for Meissa itself is 觜宿一 (Zī Sù yī, English: the First Star of Turtle Beak.)^[17]

Properties

Meissa is a giant star with a stellar classification of O8 III and an apparent visible magnitude 3.54. It is an enormous star with about 34^[7] times the mass of the Sun and 13 ^[8] times the Sun's radius. The outer atmosphere has an effective temperature of around 35,000 K,^[18] ^[8] giving it the characteristic blue glow of a hot O-type star.^[19] Meissa is a soft X-ray source with a luminosity of 10³² erg s⁻¹ and peak emission in the energy range of 0.2–0.3 keV, which suggests the X-rays are probably being generated by the stellar wind.^[20] The stellar wind of Meissa is well characterized by a mass-loss rate of 2.5×10⁻⁸ solar masses per year and a terminal velocity of 2,000 km/s.^[8]

Meissa is actually a double star with a companion at an angular separation of 4.41 arcseconds along a position angle of 43.12° (as of 1937).^[21] This fainter component is of magnitude 5.61 and it has a stellar classification of B0 V, making it a B-type main sequence star. There is an outlying component, Meissa C, which is an F-type main sequence star with a classification of F8 V. This star in turn may have a very low mass companion that is probably a brown dwarf.^[20]

Ring

Meissa is surrounded by a ring of nebulosity about 12 degrees across. It is thought to be the remains of a supernova explosion, now ionized by the ultraviolet radiation from Meissa itself and some of the surrounding hot stars.^[22]

Cluster

This star is the dominant member of a 5-million-year-old star-forming region known as the λ Orionis cluster,^[23] or Collinder 69. The intense ultraviolet energy being radiated by this star is creating the Sh2-264^[24] H II region in the neighboring volume of space, which in turn is surrounded by an expanding ring of cool gas that has an age of about 2–6 million years. The expansion of this gaseous ring may be explained by a former binary companion of Meissa that became a Type II supernova. Such an event would also explain the star's peculiar velocity with respect to the center of the expanding ring, as the explosion and resulting mass loss could have kicked Meissa out of the system. A potential candidate for the supernova remnant is the neutron star Geminga.^[25] However, the last is unlikely given the distance between Geminga and the cluster.^[26]

Gallery

Lambda Orionis A, B and C. Background image was taken with Spitzer and insert showing the AB components is from Gemini
This image taken by the Spitzer Space Telescope shows two low-mass stars in the rectangles that show tails in the 24 Micron filter image. This is seen as signs that Meissa is photoevaporating the disks of these low-mass stars.^[27]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2021). "Gaia Early Data Release 3: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 649: A1. arXiv:2012.01533. Bibcode:2021A&A...649A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657. S2CID 227254300. (Erratum: doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657e). Gaia EDR3 record for this source at VizieR.
^ ^a ^b Melnik, A. M.; Dambis, A. K. (April 2020). "Internal motions in OB associations with Gaia DR2". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 493 (2): 2339–2351. arXiv:2002.05044. Bibcode:2020MNRAS.493.2339M. doi:10.1093/mnras/staa454.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2021). "Gaia Early Data Release 3: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 649: A1. arXiv:2012.01533. Bibcode:2021A&A...649A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657. S2CID 227254300. (Erratum: doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657e). Gaia EDR3 record for this source at VizieR.
^ Sota, A.; Maíz Apellániz, J.; Walborn, N. R.; Alfaro, E. J.; Barbá, R. H.; Morrell, N. I.; Gamen, R. C.; Arias, J. I. (2011). "The Galactic O-Star Spectroscopic Survey. I. Classification System and Bright Northern Stars in the Blue-violet at R ~ 2500". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement. 193 (2): 24. arXiv:1101.4002. Bibcode:2011ApJS..193...24S. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/193/2/24. S2CID 119248206.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Murdin, P.; Penston, M. V. (December 1977). "The Lambda Orionis association". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 181 (4): 657–665. Bibcode:1977MNRAS.181..657M. doi:10.1093/mnras/181.4.657.
^ Gontcharov, G. A. (2006). "Pulkovo Compilation of Radial Velocities for 35 495 Hipparcos stars in a common system". Astronomy Letters. 32 (11): 759–771. arXiv:1606.08053. Bibcode:2006AstL...32..759G. doi:10.1134/S1063773706110065. S2CID 119231169.
^ ^a ^b ^c Voss, R.; Diehl, R.; Vink, J. S.; Hartmann, D. H. (2010-09-01). "Probing the evolving massive star population in Orion with kinematic and radioactive tracers". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 520: A51. arXiv:1005.3827. Bibcode:2010A&A...520A..51V. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201014408. ISSN 0004-6361.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f de Almeida, E. S. G.; Marcolino, W. L. F.; Bouret, J.-C.; Pereira, C.B. (August 2019). "Probing the weak wind phenomenon in Galactic O-type giants". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 628: A36. arXiv:1903.07937. Bibcode:2019A&A...628A..36D. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201834266. S2CID 118958583.
^ ^a ^b Wu, Yue; Singh, H. P.; Prugniel, P.; Gupta, R.; Koleva, M. (2011). "Coudé-feed stellar spectral library - atmospheric parameters". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 525: A71. arXiv:1009.1491. Bibcode:2011A&A...525A..71W. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201015014. S2CID 53480665.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Lyubimkov, Leonid S.; Rachkovskaya, Tamara M.; Rostopchin, Sergey I.; Lambert, David L. (2002). "Surface abundances of light elements for a large sample of early B-type stars - II. Basic parameters of 107 stars". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 333 (1): 9–26. Bibcode:2002MNRAS.333....9L. doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2002.05341.x.
^ Ducati, J. R. (2002). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: Catalogue ofStellar Photometry in Johnson's 11-color system". CDS/ADC Collection of Electronic Catalogues. 2237. Bibcode:2002yCat.2237....0D.
^ ^a ^b Allen, R. H. (1963). Star Names: Their Lore and Meaning (Reprint ed.). New York, NY: Dover Publications Inc. p. 318. ISBN 0486210790. Retrieved 2011-07-16.
^ "IAU Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)". Retrieved 22 May 2016.
^ "Bulletin of the IAU Working Group on Star Names, No. 1" (PDF). Retrieved 28 July 2016.
^ "IAU Catalog of Star Names". Retrieved 28 July 2016.
^ (in Chinese) 中國星座神話, written by 陳久金. Published by 台灣書房出版有限公司, 2005, ISBN 9789867332257.
^ (in Chinese) AEEA (Activities of Exhibition and Education in Astronomy) 天文教育資訊網 2006 年 5 月 24 日
^ Underhill, A. B.; et al. (November 1979). "Effective temperatures, angular diameters, distances and linear radii for 160 O and B stars". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 189 (3): 601–605. Bibcode:1979MNRAS.189..601U. doi:10.1093/mnras/189.3.601.
^ "The Colour of Stars". Australia Telescope, Outreach and Education. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation. December 21, 2004. Archived from the original on March 18, 2012. Retrieved 2012-01-16.
^ ^a ^b Franciosini, E.; Sacco, G. G. (June 2011). "XMM-Newton observations of the young open cluster around λ Orionis". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 530: A150. arXiv:1104.3803. Bibcode:2011A&A...530A.150F. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201015248. S2CID 118633609.
^ Scardia, M. (September 1983). "Micrometric measurements of binary stars (first list)". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series (in French). 53: 433–440. Bibcode:1983A&AS...53..433S.
^ Koenig, Xavier; Hillenbrand, Lynne A.; Padgett, Deborah L.; Defelippis, Daniel (2015). "Spectroscopic Assessment of WISE-based Young Stellar Object Selection Near λ and σ Orionis". The Astronomical Journal. 150 (4): 100. arXiv:1506.05141. Bibcode:2015AJ....150..100K. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/150/4/100. S2CID 20902398.
^ Bouy, H.; et al. (September 2009). "A deep look into the core of young clusters. II. λ-Orionis". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 504 (1): 199–209. arXiv:0907.0322. Bibcode:2009A&A...504..199B. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200912569. S2CID 1595852.
^ Barrado Y Navascués, D. (December 2005). "Lambda Orionis Star Forming Region: toward a comprehensive study of the stellar and substellar population". In Hidalgo-Gámez, A. M.; González, J. J.; Espinosa, J. M. Rodríguez; Torres-Peimbert, S. (eds.). II International GTC Workshop: Science with GTC 1st-light Instruments and the LMT. Revista Mexicana de Astronomía y Astrofísica, Serie de Conferencias. Vol. 24. pp. 217–218. Bibcode:2005RMxAC..24..217B.
^ Cunha, K.; Smith, V. V. (May 1996). "Is the expanding molecular cloud surrounding λ Orionis caused by a Supernova?". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 309: 892–894. Bibcode:1996A&A...309..892C.
^ Pellizza, L. J.; et al. (May 2005). "On the local birth place of Geminga". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 435 (2): 625–630. arXiv:astro-ph/0502190. Bibcode:2005A&A...435..625P. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20042377. S2CID 15223974.
^ Thévenot, Melina; Doll, Katharina; Durantini Luca, Hugo A. (2019-07-01). "Photoevaporation of Two Proplyds in the Star Cluster Collinder 69 Discovered with Spitzer MIPS". Research Notes of the American Astronomical Society. 3 (7): 95. Bibcode:2019RNAAS...3...95T. doi:10.3847/2515-5172/ab30c5. ISSN 2515-5172. S2CID 199137075.

[edr3a-1] Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2021). "Gaia Early Data Release 3: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 649: A1. arXiv:2012.01533. Bibcode:2021A&A...649A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657. S2CID 227254300. (Erratum: doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657e). Gaia EDR3 record for this source at VizieR.

[melnik2020-2] Melnik, A. M.; Dambis, A. K. (April 2020). "Internal motions in OB associations with Gaia DR2". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 493 (2): 2339–2351. arXiv:2002.05044. Bibcode:2020MNRAS.493.2339M. doi:10.1093/mnras/staa454.

[edr3b-3] Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2021). "Gaia Early Data Release 3: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 649: A1. arXiv:2012.01533. Bibcode:2021A&A...649A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657. S2CID 227254300. (Erratum: doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657e). Gaia EDR3 record for this source at VizieR.

[4] Sota, A.; Maíz Apellániz, J.; Walborn, N. R.; Alfaro, E. J.; Barbá, R. H.; Morrell, N. I.; Gamen, R. C.; Arias, J. I. (2011). "The Galactic O-Star Spectroscopic Survey. I. Classification System and Bright Northern Stars in the Blue-violet at R ~ 2500". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement. 193 (2): 24. arXiv:1101.4002. Bibcode:2011ApJS..193...24S. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/193/2/24. S2CID 119248206.

[mnras181_657-5] Murdin, P.; Penston, M. V. (December 1977). "The Lambda Orionis association". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 181 (4): 657–665. Bibcode:1977MNRAS.181..657M. doi:10.1093/mnras/181.4.657.

[6] Gontcharov, G. A. (2006). "Pulkovo Compilation of Radial Velocities for 35 495 Hipparcos stars in a common system". Astronomy Letters. 32 (11): 759–771. arXiv:1606.08053. Bibcode:2006AstL...32..759G. doi:10.1134/S1063773706110065. S2CID 119231169.

[voss-7] Voss, R.; Diehl, R.; Vink, J. S.; Hartmann, D. H. (2010-09-01). "Probing the evolving massive star population in Orion with kinematic and radioactive tracers". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 520: A51. arXiv:1005.3827. Bibcode:2010A&A...520A..51V. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201014408. ISSN 0004-6361.

[aaa628_A36-8] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f de Almeida, E. S. G.; Marcolino, W. L. F.; Bouret, J.-C.; Pereira, C.B. (August 2019). "Probing the weak wind phenomenon in Galactic O-type giants". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 628: A36. arXiv:1903.07937. Bibcode:2019A&A...628A..36D. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201834266. S2CID 118958583.

[wu-9] Wu, Yue; Singh, H. P.; Prugniel, P.; Gupta, R.; Koleva, M. (2011). "Coudé-feed stellar spectral library - atmospheric parameters". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 525: A71. arXiv:1009.1491. Bibcode:2011A&A...525A..71W. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201015014. S2CID 53480665.

[lyubimkov-10] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Lyubimkov, Leonid S.; Rachkovskaya, Tamara M.; Rostopchin, Sergey I.; Lambert, David L. (2002). "Surface abundances of light elements for a large sample of early B-type stars - II. Basic parameters of 107 stars". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 333 (1): 9–26. Bibcode:2002MNRAS.333....9L. doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2002.05341.x.

[Ducati2002-11] Ducati, J. R. (2002). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: Catalogue ofStellar Photometry in Johnson's 11-color system". CDS/ADC Collection of Electronic Catalogues. 2237. Bibcode:2002yCat.2237....0D.

[allen-12] Allen, R. H. (1963). Star Names: Their Lore and Meaning (Reprint ed.). New York, NY: Dover Publications Inc. p. 318. ISBN 0486210790. Retrieved 2011-07-16.

[WGSN-13] "IAU Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)". Retrieved 22 May 2016.

[WGSN1-14] "Bulletin of the IAU Working Group on Star Names, No. 1" (PDF). Retrieved 28 July 2016.

[IAU-CSN-15] "IAU Catalog of Star Names". Retrieved 28 July 2016.

[16] (in Chinese) 中國星座神話, written by 陳久金. Published by 台灣書房出版有限公司, 2005, ISBN 9789867332257.

[17] (in Chinese) AEEA (Activities of Exhibition and Education in Astronomy) 天文教育資訊網 2006 年 5 月 24 日

[mnras189_601-18] Underhill, A. B.; et al. (November 1979). "Effective temperatures, angular diameters, distances and linear radii for 160 O and B stars". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 189 (3): 601–605. Bibcode:1979MNRAS.189..601U. doi:10.1093/mnras/189.3.601.

[csiro-19] "The Colour of Stars". Australia Telescope, Outreach and Education. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation. December 21, 2004. Archived from the original on March 18, 2012. Retrieved 2012-01-16.

[aaa530_A150-20] Franciosini, E.; Sacco, G. G. (June 2011). "XMM-Newton observations of the young open cluster around λ Orionis". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 530: A150. arXiv:1104.3803. Bibcode:2011A&A...530A.150F. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201015248. S2CID 118633609.

[aass53_433-21] Scardia, M. (September 1983). "Micrometric measurements of binary stars (first list)". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series (in French). 53: 433–440. Bibcode:1983A&AS...53..433S.

[koenig-22] Koenig, Xavier; Hillenbrand, Lynne A.; Padgett, Deborah L.; Defelippis, Daniel (2015). "Spectroscopic Assessment of WISE-based Young Stellar Object Selection Near λ and σ Orionis". The Astronomical Journal. 150 (4): 100. arXiv:1506.05141. Bibcode:2015AJ....150..100K. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/150/4/100. S2CID 20902398.

[aaa504_1_199-23] Bouy, H.; et al. (September 2009). "A deep look into the core of young clusters. II. λ-Orionis". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 504 (1): 199–209. arXiv:0907.0322. Bibcode:2009A&A...504..199B. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200912569. S2CID 1595852.

[rmaa24_217-24] Barrado Y Navascués, D. (December 2005). "Lambda Orionis Star Forming Region: toward a comprehensive study of the stellar and substellar population". In Hidalgo-Gámez, A. M.; González, J. J.; Espinosa, J. M. Rodríguez; Torres-Peimbert, S. (eds.). II International GTC Workshop: Science with GTC 1st-light Instruments and the LMT. Revista Mexicana de Astronomía y Astrofísica, Serie de Conferencias. Vol. 24. pp. 217–218. Bibcode:2005RMxAC..24..217B.

[aaa309_892-25] Cunha, K.; Smith, V. V. (May 1996). "Is the expanding molecular cloud surrounding λ Orionis caused by a Supernova?". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 309: 892–894. Bibcode:1996A&A...309..892C.

[aaa435_2_625-26] Pellizza, L. J.; et al. (May 2005). "On the local birth place of Geminga". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 435 (2): 625–630. arXiv:astro-ph/0502190. Bibcode:2005A&A...435..625P. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20042377. S2CID 15223974.

[27] Thévenot, Melina; Doll, Katharina; Durantini Luca, Hugo A. (2019-07-01). "Photoevaporation of Two Proplyds in the Star Cluster Collinder 69 Discovered with Spitzer MIPS". Research Notes of the American Astronomical Society. 3 (7): 95. Bibcode:2019RNAAS...3...95T. doi:10.3847/2515-5172/ab30c5. ISSN 2515-5172. S2CID 199137075.

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Meissa

Nomenclature

Properties

Ring

Cluster

Gallery

References

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