Meta-waveguide

In photonics, a meta-waveguide is a physical structures that guides electromagnetic waves with engineered functional subwavelength structures.[1] Meta-waveguides are the result of combining the fields of metamaterials and metasurfaces into integrated optics.[2][3] The design of the subwavelength architecture allows exotic waveguiding phenomena to be explored.[3][4]

Meta-waveguides can be classified by waveguide platforms or by design methods.[2] If classified by underlying waveguide platform, engineered subwavelength structures can be classified in combination with dielectric waveguides, optical fibers, or plasmonic waveguides. If classified by design methods, meta-waveguides can be classified as either using design primarily by physical intuition, or by computer algorithm based inverse design methods.[1][5]

Meta-waveguides can provide new degrees of design freedom to the available structural library for optical waveguides in integrated photonics.[1][3] Advantages can include enhancing the performance of conventional waveguide based integrated optical devices and creating novel device functionalities.[1][3] Applications of meta-waveguides include beam/polarization splitting,[3] integrated waveguide mode converters,[4] versatile waveguide couplers,[6] lab-on-fiber sensing,[7] nano-optic endoscope imaging,[8] on-chip wavefront shaping,[9] structured-light generations,[10] and optical neural networks.[11][12] The meta-structures can also be further integrated with van der Waals materials to add more functionalities and reconfigurability.[13][14]

Nonlinear optical applications

Meta-waveguides can be used to enhance or control nonlinear optical interactions by combining subwavelength field engineering with the optical confinement provided by a waveguide. In nonlinear frequency-conversion processes, efficient interaction commonly requires conservation of optical momentum through phase matching. Patterned meta-structures can provide additional momentum, alter modal symmetry, or control the spatial overlap between interacting modes, enabling nonlinear conversion and manipulation within integrated waveguides.[1]

One implementation used a gradient metasurface composed of dielectric optical antennas on a thin-film lithium niobate waveguide. The metasurface supplied additional optical momentum and enabled second-harmonic generation over multiple coherent lengths without conventional birefringent or periodically poled phase matching.[15] Grating metasurfaces patterned on lithium-niobate slab waveguides have also been proposed for simultaneous second-harmonic generation and control of the generated wavefront, including focusing and Airy-beam generation.[16]

Meta-waveguides have also been investigated for intensity-dependent optical processing. A 2024 experiment integrated arrays of titanium–gold split-ring resonators with a silicon waveguide. The resonant structure produced a slow-light response that enhanced two-photon absorption, with a reported effective absorption coefficient of 424 cm/GW, approximately 1,200 times the value used for an unmodified silicon waveguide. The measured nonlinear transmission was evaluated as an all-optical activation function in a handwritten-character recognition model, which achieved an inference accuracy of 98.36%.[17]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Meng, Yuan; Chen, Yizhen; Lu, Longhui; Ding, Yimin; Cusano, Andrea; Fan, Jonathan A.; Hu, Qiaomu; Wang, Kaiyuan; Xie, Zhenwei; Liu, Zhoutian; Yang, Yuanmu (2021-11-22). "Optical meta-waveguides for integrated photonics and beyond". Light: Science & Applications. 10 (1): 235. Bibcode:2021LSA....10..235M. doi:10.1038/s41377-021-00655-x. ISSN 2047-7538. PMC 8608813. PMID 34811345.
  2. ^ a b Sciences, Chinese Academy of. "Allying meta-structures with diverse optical waveguides for integrated photonics and more". phys.org. Retrieved 2022-05-03.
  3. ^ a b c d e Cheben, Pavel; Halir, Robert; Schmid, Jens H.; Atwater, Harry A.; Smith, David R. (August 2018). "Subwavelength integrated photonics". Nature. 560 (7720): 565–572. Bibcode:2018Natur.560..565C. doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0421-7. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 30158604. S2CID 52117964.
  4. ^ a b Li, Zhaoyi; Kim, Myoung-Hwan; Wang, Cheng; Han, Zhaohong; Shrestha, Sajan; Overvig, Adam Christopher; Lu, Ming; Stein, Aaron; Agarwal, Anuradha Murthy; Lončar, Marko; Yu, Nanfang (July 2017). "Controlling propagation and coupling of waveguide modes using phase-gradient metasurfaces". Nature Nanotechnology. 12 (7): 675–683. Bibcode:2017NatNa..12..675L. doi:10.1038/nnano.2017.50. ISSN 1748-3395. OSTI 1412777. PMID 28416817.
  5. ^ Molesky, Sean; Lin, Zin; Piggott, Alexander Y.; Jin, Weiliang; Vucković, Jelena; Rodriguez, Alejandro W. (November 2018). "Inverse design in nanophotonics". Nature Photonics. 12 (11): 659–670. arXiv:1801.06715. Bibcode:2018NaPho..12..659M. doi:10.1038/s41566-018-0246-9. ISSN 1749-4893. S2CID 55105919.
  6. ^ Meng, Yuan; Liu, Zhoutian; Xie, Zhenwei; Wang, Ride; Qi, Tiancheng; Hu, Futai; Kim, Hyunseok; Xiao, Qirong; Fu, Xing; Wu, Qiang; Bae, Sang-Hoon (2020-04-01). "Versatile on-chip light coupling and (de)multiplexing from arbitrary polarizations to controlled waveguide modes using an integrated dielectric metasurface". Photonics Research. 8 (4): 564–576. doi:10.1364/PRJ.384449. ISSN 2327-9125. S2CID 213576669.
  7. ^ Principe, Maria; Consales, Marco; Micco, Alberto; Crescitelli, Alessio; Castaldi, Giuseppe; Esposito, Emanuela; La Ferrara, Vera; Cutolo, Antonello; Galdi, Vincenzo; Cusano, Andrea (March 2017). "Optical fiber meta-tips". Light: Science & Applications. 6 (3): e16226. doi:10.1038/lsa.2016.226. ISSN 2047-7538. PMC 6062173. PMID 30167235.
  8. ^ Pahlevaninezhad, Hamid; Khorasaninejad, Mohammadreza; Huang, Yao-Wei; Shi, Zhujun; Hariri, Lida P.; Adams, David C.; Ding, Vivien; Zhu, Alexander; Qiu, Cheng-Wei; Capasso, Federico; Suter, Melissa J. (September 2018). "Nano-optic endoscope for high-resolution optical coherence tomography in vivo". Nature Photonics. 12 (9): 540–547. Bibcode:2018NaPho..12..540P. doi:10.1038/s41566-018-0224-2. ISSN 1749-4893. PMC 6350822. PMID 30713581.
  9. ^ Wang, Zi; Li, Tiantian; Soman, Anishkumar; Mao, Dun; Kananen, Thomas; Gu, Tingyi (2019-08-07). "On-chip wavefront shaping with dielectric metasurface". Nature Communications. 10 (1): 3547. Bibcode:2019NatCo..10.3547W. doi:10.1038/s41467-019-11578-y. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 6686019. PMID 31391468.
  10. ^ He, Tiantian (2021-11-22). "Guided mode meta-optics: metasurface-dressed waveguides for arbitrary mode couplers and on-chip OAM emitters with a configurable topological charge". Optics Express. 29 (24): 39406–39418. Bibcode:2021OExpr..2939406H. doi:10.1364/OE.443186. ISSN 1094-4087. PMID 34809306. S2CID 243813207.
  11. ^ Khoram, Erfan; Chen, Ang; Liu, Dianjing; Ying, Lei; Wang, Qiqi; Yuan, Ming; Yu, Zongfu (2019-08-01). "Nanophotonic media for artificial neural inference". Photonics Research. 7 (8): 823–827. arXiv:1810.07815. doi:10.1364/PRJ.7.000823. ISSN 2327-9125. S2CID 173991055.
  12. ^ Wu, Changming; Yu, Heshan; Lee, Seokhyeong; Peng, Ruoming; Takeuchi, Ichiro; Li, Mo (2021-01-04). "Programmable phase-change metasurfaces on waveguides for multimode photonic convolutional neural network". Nature Communications. 12 (1): 96. arXiv:2004.10651. Bibcode:2021NatCo..12...96W. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-20365-z. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 7782756. PMID 33398011.
  13. ^ Meng, Yuan; Feng, Jiangang; Han, Sangmoon; Xu, Zhihao; Mao, Wenbo; Zhang, Tan; Kim, Justin S.; Roh, Ilpyo; Zhao, Yepin; Kim, Dong-Hwan; Yang, Yang; Lee, Jin-Wook; Yang, Lan; Qiu, Cheng-Wei; Bae, Sang-Hoon (2023-04-21). "Photonic van der Waals integration from 2D materials to 3D nanomembranes". Nature Reviews Materials. 8 (8): 498–517. Bibcode:2023NatRM...8..498M. doi:10.1038/s41578-023-00558-w. ISSN 2058-8437.
  14. ^ Liu, Yuan; Huang, Yu; Duan, Xiangfeng (March 2019). "Van der Waals integration before and beyond two-dimensional materials". Nature. 567 (7748): 323–333. Bibcode:2019Natur.567..323L. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1013-x. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 30894723.
  15. ^ Wang, Cheng; Li, Zhaoyi; Kim, Myoung-Hwan; Xiong, Xiao; Ren, Xi-Feng; Guo, Guang-Can; Yu, Nanfang; Lončar, Marko (2017-12-14). "Metasurface-assisted phase-matching-free second harmonic generation in lithium niobate waveguides". Nature Communications. 8 (1) 2098. Bibcode:2017NatCo...8.2098W. doi:10.1038/s41467-017-02189-6. PMC 5727391. PMID 29233972.
  16. ^ Fang, Bin; Li, Hao; Zhu, Shining; Li, Tao (2020-08-01). "Second-harmonic generation and manipulation in lithium niobate slab waveguides by grating metasurfaces". Photonics Research. 8 (8): 1296–1300. Bibcode:2020PhR.....8.1296F. doi:10.1364/PRJ.391850.
  17. ^ Honda, Yoshihiro; Shoji, Yuya; Amemiya, Tomohiro (2024-10-15). "Optical activation function using a metamaterial waveguide for an all-optical neural network". Optics Letters. 49 (20): 5811–5814. Bibcode:2024OptL...49.5811H. doi:10.1364/OL.540234. PMID 39404544.

Content Disclaimer

Informasi ini disarikan dari Wikipedia dan disajikan kembali untuk tujuan edukasi. Konten tersedia di bawah lisensi CC BY-SA 3.0. Kami tidak bertanggung jawab atas ketidakakuratan data yang bersumber dari kontribusi publik tersebut.

  1. The information displayed on this website is sourced in part or in whole from Wikipedia and has been adapted for the purpose of restating it. We strive to provide accurate and relevant information, however:
  2. There is no guarantee of absolute accuracy. Wikipedia is an open, collaborative project that can be edited by anyone, so information is subject to change.
  3. It is not intended to constitute professional advice. The content displayed is for informational and educational purposes only. For important decisions (e.g., medical, legal, or financial), please consult a professional.
  4. Content copyright. Wikipedia is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License (CC BY-SA). This means that content may be reused with appropriate attribution and shared under a similar license.
  5. Responsible use. Any risk arising from the use of information from this website is entirely the responsibility of the user.