Michael Choniates

Saint Michael Choniates, Metropolitan of Athens
Saint Michael Choniates, Metropolitan of Athens
	Lead seal of Michael Choniates as Metropolitan of Athens
Metropolitan
Born	1138, Colossae, Asia Minor
Died	1222, Monastery of Saint John the Forerunner, Vodonitsa, Thermopylae
Venerated in	Eastern Orthodoxy
Feast	4 July
Attributes	Bishops vestments
Patronage	City of Athens

Saint Michael Choniates (or Acominatus; Greek: Μιχαὴλ Χωνιάτης or Ἀκομινάτος; c. 1140 – 1220) was a Byzantine Greek writer and cleric, born at Chonae (the ancient Colossae). At an early age he studied at Constantinople and was the pupil of Eustathius of Thessalonica. Around 1175 he was appointed archbishop of Athens, a position which he retained until 1204.^[1] In 1204, he defended the Acropolis of Athens from attack by Leo Sgouros, holding out until the arrival of the Crusaders in 1205, to whom he surrendered the city.^[2] After the establishment of Latin control, he retired to the island of Ceos. Around 1217 he moved again to the monastery of Vodonitsa near Thermopylae, where he died on 4 July.^[3]

Though he is known to classical scholars as the last possessor of complete versions of Callimachus' Hecale and Aitia,^[4] he was a versatile writer, and composed homilies, speeches and poems, which, with his correspondence, throw considerable light upon the condition of Attica and Athens at the time. His memorial to Alexios III Angelos on the abuses of Byzantine administration, the poetical lament over the degeneracy of Athens and the monodies on his brother Nicetas and Eustathius, archbishop of Thessalonica, deserve special mention.

It is believed that his daughter Constantina tutored, in Greek and science, John of Basingstoke, Archdeacon of Leicester known for his fluency in and advocacy of the Greek language.^[5] Michael's pupil George Bardanes, who had accompanied him during his exile on Ceos, became a distinguished bishop in subsequent years.^[6]

Notes

^ Kenneth M. Setton, "A Note on Michael Choniates, Archbishop of Athens (1182-1204)", Speculum, 21 (1946), pp. 234-236
^ N.G. Wilson, Scholars of Byzantium 1983:204-06.
^ A. Dmitrievskii, Описание литургических рукописей, хранящихся в библиотеках православного Востока. Vol. 3. Petrograd 1917, 131.
^ A.S. Hollis, "A New Fragment on Niobe and the Text of Propertius 2.20.8". The Classical Quarterly, New Series, 47.2 (1997:578-582).
^ Archer, Thomas Andrew (1885). "Basing, John" . In Stephen, Leslie (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 3. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
^ Macrides, R. J. (1991). "Bardanes, George". In Kazhdan, Alexander (ed.). The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. Oxford University Press. pp. 254–255. ISBN 978-0-19-504652-6.

References

Edition of his works by Spyridon Lambros (1879-1880)
Migne, Patrologia Graeca, cxL.
Adolf Ellissen, Michael Akominatos (1846), containing several pieces with German translation
Ferdinand Gregorovius, Geschichte der Stadt Athen im Mittelalter, i, (1889)
George Finlay, History of Greece, iv. pp. 133–134 (1877).
Thallon, C. A Medieval Humanist: Michael Akominatos (New Haven, 1923) (reprint New York, 1973).
Stadtmüller, G. "Michael Choniates, Metropolit von Athen," Orientalia Christiana, 33,2 (1934), 125–325.
Setton, K. M. "Athens in the Later Twelfth Century," Speculum, XIX (1944), 179–207.
Anthony Kaldellis, "Michael Choniates: a classicist-bishop and his cathedral (1182–1205 AD)," in Idem, The Christian Parthenon: Classicism and Pilgrimage in Byzantine Athens (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2009), 145–162.
Nario Gallina, "La reazione antiromana nell'epistolario di Michele Coniata Metropolita d'Atene" in Gherardo Ortalli, Giorgio Ravegnani, Peter Schreiner, eds. Quarta Crociata (Venice, 2006. ISBN 88-88143-74-2) vol. 1 pp. 423–446
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Acominatus, Michael". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 150–151.
Athanasios Angelou, «Rhetoric and History: The case of Nicetas Choniates», στο History as Literature in Byzantium, ed. Ruth Macrides, Farnham, Ashgate 2010, σ. 289–305.