Term woven into compositions in Indian classical music
A mudra (IAST : Mudrā ; Sanskrit for sign or symbol) is a term woven into compositions in Indian classical music , particularly Carnatic music , that indicates the identity of the composer, a patron, the raga , tala , or style. A composer might use his own name or a pseudonym.[ 1] Not all composers have mudras, and they do not necessarily relate to the composer's name.[ 2] [ 3]
Etymology
A mudra is a pen name , nom de plume , or pseudonym adopted by a musician to serve as their sign of authorship in a musical composition. A pen name may be used to make the author's name more distinctive, to disguise their gender, to distance an author from some or all of their previous works, to protect the author from retribution for their writings, to combine more than one author into a single author, or for any of a number of reasons related to the marketing or aesthetic presentation of the work. The author's name may be known only to the publisher, or may come to be common knowledge.
All most every time, the penname is inserted in the wordings of the composition or poem in a artistically meaningful way.
List of Mudras used by Musicians
Hindustani Musicians
Mudra (English)
Mudra (Devanagari)
Musician
Translation
Gharana
Details
Adā-ranga
अदारंग
Firoz Khān of Delhi
"Colors of Grace."
Seniya
Qawwal Bacche || 18th-century dhrupadiya in Rangile's Court.[ 4]
Ashiq-rang
आशिक रंग
Mir Saleh
"Colors of Lover
Qawwal Bacche
Achpal
अच्पल
Sheikh Ajmal Khan Sahab
Qawwal Bacche
Bahadur Shah Zafar Teacher
Abhī-raṅga
अभीरंग
Abhijith Shenoy Kerki
"Colors of fearlessness."
Gwalior, Agra, Atrauli
Ālama
आलम
Ālamara Begum Khāsmahal
Ahmeda-piyā
अहमदपिया
Alladiya Khan
"Lover of Ahmed."
Jaipur-Atrauli
Akhtara-piyā
अख़्तरपिया
Wajid Ali Shah
Amara, Amara-piyā
अमर, अमरपिया
Aman Ali Khan
Bhendi-Bazaar
Amaradāsa, Amara-piyā
अमरदास, अमरपिया
Navrang Nagpurkar
Bhendi-Bazaar
Ānanda
आनन्द
Pralhad Ganu
Agra, Atrauli
Ananga-raṅga
अनंगरंग
Acharya Brihaspati
Azīza-piyā
अज़ीजपिया
Mehboob Baksh Khan
Agra
Bhāva-raṅga
भावरंग
Balwantrai Bhatt
Gwalior
Bindā
बिन्दा
Bindadin Maharaj
Lucknow
Chakra-piyā
चक्रपिया
Chakradhar Singh
Chānda-piyā
चान्दपिया
Chand Khan
Delhi[ 5]
Chatura, Chatura Pandit
चतुर, चतुरपण्डित
Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande
Rampur
Chita-Ānanda
चित-आनन्द
Chidanand Nagarkar
"Elated consciousness."
Agra[ 6]
Darasa-piyā
दरसपिया
Mehboob Khān of Agra
Agra[ 7]
Darasa-piyā
दरसपिया
Shafi Ahmed Khān of Atrauli
Atrauli[ 8]
Darpaṇa
दर्पण
Yunus Hussain Khan
"Mirror."
Agra, Atrauli
Deva-raṅga
देवरंग
Daibashish Gangopadhyay
"Divine Colors."
Musician, Composer, Music director
Dhyāna-raṅga-piyā
ध्यानरंगपिया
Mani Prasad
Kirana
Dila-raṅga
दिलरंग
Azmat Hussain Khan
"Colors of the Heart."
Khurja, Atrauli
Dina-raṅga
दिनरंग
Dinkar Kaikini
"Colors of the Day."
Agra, Atrauli
Gaan-guni
गान-गुणी
B.Krishna Bhat
Gwalior
Gauhara, Gauharapyari
गौहर, गौहरप्यारी
Gauhar Jaan
Guṇa-piyā
गुणपिया
Chhota Gandharva
"Lover of Qualities."
Guṇa-raṅga
गुणरंग[ 9]
Fayyaz Ahmad Khan
"Colors of Qualities."
Kirana
Guṇi-dāsa
गुणीदास
Jagganathbuwa Purohit
"Servant of Qualities."
Agra, Atrauli
Guṇi-jāna
गुणीजान
CR Vyas
Gwalior, Agra, Atrauli
Guṇiye
गुणिये
Vasantrao Kulkarni
Gwalior, Agra, Atrauli
Guru-raṅga
गुरुरंग[ 10]
Vrajotsavji Maharaj][ 11]
Gyāna-raṅga
ज्ञानरंग
Aarshin Karande[ 12]
Mewati
Govinda
गोविंद
Govindrao Dantale
Mewati
Hara-raṅga
हररंग
Muhammad Ali Khan
Hara-raṅga
हररंग
Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande
Rampur
Musicologist.
Hari-priyā
हरिप्रिया
Harishchandra Bali
Agra, Atrauli
Hinga-raṅga
हिंगरंग
Hussain Ali Khan[ 13]
"Colors of Hinga ."
Kirana
Ināyata, Ināyata-piyā
इनायत, इनायतपिया
Inayat Hussain Khan
"Lover of Inayat ."
Rampur-Sahaswan
Ibrāhīm-piyā
इब्राहीमपिया
Ibrahim Khan of Tonk
Rampur-Sahaswan
Jasa
जस
Pandit Jasraj
"Glory."
Mewati
Jyōti-raṅga
ज्योतिरंग
Rajaram Shukla
Khush-rang
खुशरंग
Ustad Muzaffar Khan
Sikanderabad Delhi Gharana
Khusha-raṅga
ख़ुशरंग
Aslam Hussain Khan
Hapur, Khurja
Kharaharapriya-dāsa
खरहरप्रियादास[ 14]
Bholanath Bhatt
Benares
Krishṇa-dāsa
कृष्णदास
Master Krishnarao
Gwalior, Agra, Jaipur-Atrauli, Kirana
Lalana-piyā
ललनपिया
Nandalal Sharma
Lāla-raṅga
लालरंग
Chaman Lal Varma
Madhura-piyā
मधुरपिया
Gokulotsavji Maharaj
Magana
मगन
Chinmoy Lahiri
Agra, Atrauli
Magana-piyā
मगनपिया
Mashiyat Khan
Agra
Manahara
मनहर
Murli Manohar Shukla
Manahara-piyā
मनहरपिया
Abdullah Khan
Agra, Atrauli
Manahara-piyā
मनहरपिया
Prem Prakash Johri
Mana-raṅga
मनरंग
Bhupat Khan
Seniya
Mana-rang
मनरंग
Maste Khan
Sheikh Mazhar
Qawwal Bacche
Sikandrabad
Mana-raṅga
मनरंग
Mahawat Khan of Jaipur
Manapiya
मनपिया
Pamalka Karunanayake of Sri Lanka
Mita-raṅga
मितरंग
Deviprasad Kharwandikar[ 15]
"Colors of Measure."
Mohana-piyā
मोहनपिया
Aqeel Ahmed Khan
Agra
Nāda-piyā
नादपिया
V R Athavale
"Lover of naad ."
Gwalior, Agra
Nāda-raṅga
नादरंग
Dilip Chandra Vedi
"Colors of naad ."
Patiala, Agra, Atrauli
Nāda-raṅga
नादरंग
Sandeep Ranade
"Colors of naad ."
Mewati
Nātha-piyā
नाथपिया
Vilayat Khan
Etawah
Sitarist. Enayet Khan's Rajput name was "Nath Singh."
Niguṇa
निगुण
Neelkanth Abhyankar
Agra, Atrauli
Prāṇa-piyā
प्राणपिया
Vilayat Hussain Khan
Agra, Atrauli[ 16]
Pranava-raṅga
प्रणवरंग
Omkarnath Thakur
"Colors of Om ."
Gwalior
Prema-piyā
प्रेमपिया
Faiyaz Khan
"Lover of Affect."
Agra
Prema-dāsa
प्रेमदास
Latafat Hussain Khan
"Servant of Affect."
Agra, Atrauli
Prema-raṅga
प्रेमरंग
Sharafat Hussain Khan
"Colors of Affect."
Agra, Atrauli
Prema-raṅga
प्रेमरंग
Ratnakar Ramnathkar
"Colors of Affect."
Agra, Atrauli
Qadara-piyā
क़दरपिया
Mirza Bala Qadar of Rampur
Thumri composer.[ 17]
Ratana-piyā
रतनपिया
Ata Hussain Khan
Agra
Rāma-dāsa
रामदास
Zahoor Khan
Khurja[ 18]
Rāma-raṅga
रामरंग
Ramashrey Jha
Raṅgile
रंगीले
Ramzan Khan
Rangile[ 19] Sikandrabad Rangeela Gharana
Rasa-dāsa
रसदास
Arun Kashalkar
Gwalior, Agra, Atrauli, Jaipur-Atrauli
Rasa-dāsī
रसदासी
Veen Vishwaroop
Agra, Atrauli
Rasa-piyā
रसपिया
Babanrao Haldankar
Agra, Atrauli, Jaipur-Atrauli
Rasa-raṅga
रसरंग
Bade Inayat Hussain Khan
Gwalior
Rasa-raṅga
रसरंग
Anwar Hussain Khan
Agra, Atrauli
Rasika-piyā
रसिकपिया
Dhruv Tara Joshi
Rasika-raṅga
रसिकरंग
Ashok Ranade
Gwalior
Musicologist[ 20]
Rasika-raṅga
रसिकरंग
Deepak Chatterjee
Razā-piyā
रज़ापिया
Raza Ali Khan
Patiala
Nawab.[ 21]
Saba-raṅga
सबरंग
Ghulam Abbas Khan
Agra
Saba-raṅga
सबरंग
Bade Ghulam Ali Khan
Patiala
Saba-rasa
सबरस
Ghulam Maulvi Khan
Patiala
Shok-rang
शोक रंग
Bahadur Shah Zafar
Last Mughal Emperor
Sadā-raṅga
सदारंग
Niyamat Khān of Delhi
Seniya
Qawwal Bacche || Descendant of Tansen , dhrupadiya in Rangile's Court.[ 22]
Saguṇa-piyā
सगुणपिया
Yashpal
Agra, Atrauli
Sajana-piyā
सजनपिया
Khadim Hussain Khan
Agra, Atrauli
Samajh-Dil
समझदिल
Ustad Nazeer Ahmed Khan
Qawwal Bacche, Delhi Gharana
Nizam's Court Singer
Samajha-dila
समझदिल
Enayat Khan
Etawah, Agra
Sanada-piyā
सनदपिया
Tawakkul Husain Khan of Rampur
Jaipur
Thumri composer.[ 23]
Sanehī-piyā
सनेहीपिया
Gulam Qadar Khan
Agra
Sarasa-piyā
सरसपिया
Kale Khan
Agra
Sarasa-raṅga
सरसरंग
Qayam Khan
Agra
Shakīla-piyā
शकीलपिया
Nanhe Khan
Agra
Shōk, Shōka-raṅga
शोक, शोकरंग
Kumar Gandharva
Gwalior
Shōri, Shōri Miyān
शोरी, शोरी मियाँ
Miyan Ghulam Nabi Shori
Lucknow
Shubha-raṅga
शुभरंग
Shubhada Paradkar
Shyāma-raṅga
श्यामरंग
Dayam Khan
Agra
Shyāma-raṅga
श्यामरंग
Jitendra Abhisheki
Atrauli, Khurja
Subha-raṅga
सुभरंग
Shankarlal Mishra
Sughara-piyā
सुघरपिया
Bhaiya Ganpatrao
Gwalior
Sujana-dāsa
सुजनदास
Yashwant Mahale
Agra, Atrauli
Sujanasuta
सुजनसुत
K. G. Ginde
Agra, Atrauli
Sujāna
सुजान
Haji Sujan Khan
Agra
Sujāna, Sujāna-piyā
सुजान, सुजानपिया
S. N. Ratanjankar
Agra, Atrauli
Sura-raṅga
सुररंग
Amir Khan
Indore, Kirana, Bhendi-Bazaar
Taan-Ras
तनरास
Ustad Taanras Khan
Qawwal Bacche Delhi Gharana
Founder Of Delhi Gharana Last Mughal Singer
Tana-raṅga
तनरंग
Vishwanath Rao Ringe
Gwalior
Vyākul
व्याकुल
Vyakul of Ayodhya
Guru of Ramashreya Jha [ 24]
Vedī
वेदी
Dilip Chandra Vedi
"Colors of naad ."
Patiala, Agra, Atrauli
Vinōda-piyā
विनोदपिया
Tasadduq Hussain Khan
Agra
Son of Kallan Khan, Agra Gharana.[ 24]
Vraja-raṅga
व्रजरंग [ 25]
Vrajotsavji Maharaj[ 26]
Yasha-raṅga
यशरंग
Yeshwantbua Joshi
Gwalior, Agra, Atrauli
Carnatic Musicians
References
^ Wade, Bonnie C. (1984). Khyal: Creativity Within North India's Classical Music Tradition . Cambridge University Press. p. 20.
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^ "Royal Carpet: Glossary of Carnatic Terms M" . karnatik.com . Retrieved 25 September 2018 .
^ "Artist - Niyamat Khan 'Sadarang' (Vocal), Gharana - None" . www.swarganga.org .
^ "Raga Shree: Close Encounters" .
^ "Short Takes: Malkauns" .
^ Bhattacharya, Ramprapanna (31 August 2018). "My Music Diary: Pen names of Great Composers of Hindustani Music" .
^ "Down Memory Lane – Dilrang Academy" .
^ Dhar, Sheila (2005). Raga'n Josh: Stories from a Musical Life . Permanent Black. p. 236. ISBN 9788178241173 .
^ "|| VrajRang - Vrajotsavji ||" . sites.google.com . Retrieved 29 July 2020 .
^ "|| VrajRang - Vrajotsavji || - Acharya Dr. Vrajotsavji" . sites.google.com . Retrieved 29 July 2020 .
^ Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine : Bandish in Raag Jaiwanti Todi by Aarshin Karande "Gyaanrang" . YouTube .
^ "The Bandish divide - Times of India" . The Times of India .
^ "HM Ragamalika! - rasikas.org" .
^ Kharwandikar, Deviprasad (2013). Mitarang . Bookmark Publications.
^ "The Kanada Constellation (Part 3/3)" .
^ Music, Classical (15 July 2012). "Classical Music: Thumri" .
^ "Two Variants of Bihag and Thirakhwa's Tabla Solo" .
^ "Artist - Ramzan Khan 'Rangile' (Vocal), Gharana - Agra" . www.swarganga.org .
^ "Artist - Ashok Da Ranade (Vocal), Gharana - Gwalior" . www.swarganga.org .
^ Akademi, Sangeet Natak (2006). Sangeet Natak (Volume 40 ed.). Sangeet Natak Akademi. p. 21.
^ "Artist - Firoz Khan 'Adarang' (Vocal), Gharana - None" . www.swarganga.org .
^ Kumar, Kuldeep (31 October 2013). "A maestro and a master" . The Hindu – via www.thehindu.com.
^ a b "Bhimpalasi Inc" .
^ "|| VrajRang - Vrajotsavji ||" . sites.google.com . Retrieved 29 July 2020 .
^ "|| VrajRang - Vrajotsavji || - Acharya Dr. Vrajotsavji" . sites.google.com . Retrieved 29 July 2020 .
^ Śyāma Śāstri, The Oxford Encyclopaedia of the Music of India . Oxford University Press. 2011. ISBN 9780195650983 . Retrieved 25 September 2018 .
^ Ramaswamy, Vijaya (2007). Historical dictionary of the Tamils . Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press. p. 236. ISBN 9780810864450 .
^ "Navarathri - Jayachamaraja Wodeyar Compositions - Dr. PPN" . www.carnatica.net .