NGC 4526

NGC 4526
NGC 4526
	Supernova SN 1994D (lower left) in the outskirts of NGC 4526's central disk
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
Constellation	Virgo
Right ascension	12h 34m 03.029s
Declination	+07° 41′ 56.90″
Redshift	0.001494±0.000027
Heliocentric radial velocity	448±8 km/s
Distance	55±5 Mly (16.9±1.6 Mpc); 52 Mly (15.8 Mpc)
Apparent magnitude (V)	10.7
Characteristics
Type	SAB(s)0°
Apparent size (V)	7′.2 × 2′.4
Other designations
	IRAS 12315+0758, NGC 4560, UGC 7718, MCG +01-32-100, PGC 41772, CGCG 042-155

NGC 4526 (also listed as NGC 4560) is a lenticular galaxy with an embedded dusty disc, located approximately 55 million light-years from the Solar System^[3] in the Virgo constellation and discovered on 13 April 1784 by William Herschel.^[6] Herschel observed it again on 28 December 1785, resulting in the galaxy being entered twice into the New General Catalogue.^[6]

The galaxy is seen nearly edge-on. The morphological classification is SAB(s)0°,^[5] which indicates a lenticular structure with a weak bar across the center and pure spiral arms without a ring.^[7] It belongs to the Virgo cluster and is one of the brightest known lenticular galaxies.^[5] In the galaxy's outer halo, globular cluster orbital velocities^[8] indicate abnormal poverty of dark matter: only 43±18% of the mass within 5 effective radii.

The inner nucleus of this galaxy displays a rise in stellar orbital motion that indicates the presence of a central dark mass. The best fit model for the motion of molecular gas in the core region suggests there is a supermassive black hole with about 4.5+4.2
−3.0×10⁸ (450 million) times the mass of the Sun.^[9] This is the first object to have its black-hole mass estimated by measuring the rotation of gas molecules around its centre with an astronomical interferometer (in this case the Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy).

Supernovae

Two supernovae have been observed in NGC 4526:

SN 1969E (type unknown, mag. 16) was discovered by Enrique Chavira on 23 March 1969.^[10]^[11]
SN 1994D (type Ia, mag. 15.2) was discovered independently by the Leuschner Observatory Supernova Search and by Dr. M. Richmond, on 7 March 1994, about two weeks before reaching peak brightness.^[12] It was caused by the explosion of a white dwarf star composed of carbon and oxygen.^[13]

References

^ ^a ^b Skrutskie, Michael F.; Cutri, Roc M.; Stiening, Rae; Weinberg, Martin D.; Schneider, Stephen E.; Carpenter, John M.; Beichman, Charles A.; Capps, Richard W.; Chester, Thomas; Elias, Jonathan H.; Huchra, John P.; Liebert, James W.; Lonsdale, Carol J.; Monet, David G.; Price, Stephan; Seitzer, Patrick; Jarrett, Thomas H.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Gizis, John E.; Howard, Elizabeth V.; Evans, Tracey E.; Fowler, John W.; Fullmer, Linda; Hurt, Robert L.; Light, Robert M.; Kopan, Eugene L.; Marsh, Kenneth A.; McCallon, Howard L.; Tam, Robert; Van Dyk, Schuyler D.; Wheelock, Sherry L. (1 February 2006). "The Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS)". The Astronomical Journal. 131 (2): 1163–1183. Bibcode:2006AJ....131.1163S. doi:10.1086/498708. ISSN 0004-6256. S2CID 18913331.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database", Results for NGC 4526, retrieved 2006-10-18.
^ ^a ^b Tonry, J. L.; et al. (2001), "The SBF Survey of Galaxy Distances. IV. SBF Magnitudes, Colors, and Distances", Astrophysical Journal, 546 (2): 681–693, arXiv:astro-ph/0011223, Bibcode:2001ApJ...546..681T, doi:10.1086/318301, S2CID 17628238.
^ Hatt, Dylan; et al. (July 2018). "The Carnegie-Chicago Hubble Program. IV. The Distance to NGC 4424, NGC 4526, and NGC 4356 via the Tip of the Red Giant Branch". The Astrophysical Journal. 861 (2): 10. arXiv:1806.02900. Bibcode:2018ApJ...861..104H. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aac9cc. S2CID 119430198. 104.
^ ^a ^b ^c Burstein, D. (November 1979), "Structure and origin of S0 galaxies. I - Surface photometry of S0 galaxies", Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, 41: 435–450, Bibcode:1979ApJS...41..435B, doi:10.1086/190625.
^ ^a ^b Courtney Seligman. "New General Catalog Objects: NGC 4500 - 4549". Retrieved October 17, 2021.
^ Buta, Ronald J.; et al. (2007), Atlas of Galaxies, Cambridge University Press, pp. 13–17, ISBN 978-0521820486.
^ Adebusola B. Alabi; Duncan A. Forbes; Aaron J. Romanowsky; Jean P. Brodie; Jay Strader; Joachim Janz; Christopher Usher; Lee R. Spitler; Sabine Bellstedt; Anna Ferre-Mateu (2016-05-20). "The SLUGGS survey: the mass distribution in early-type galaxies within five effective radii and beyond". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 460 (4): 3838–3860. arXiv:1605.06101. Bibcode:2016MNRAS.460.3838A. doi:10.1093/mnras/stw1213. S2CID 55054073.
^ Davis, Timothy A.; et al. (February 2013), "A black-hole mass measurement from molecular gas kinematics in NGC4526", Nature, 494 (7437): 328–330, arXiv:1301.7184, Bibcode:2013Natur.494..328D, doi:10.1038/nature11819, PMID 23364690, S2CID 205232307.
^ Gingerich, Owen (27 March 1969). "Circular No. 2139". Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams. Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. Retrieved 2 December 2024.
^ Kowal, C. T.; Sargent, W. L. W. (November 1971), "Supernovae discovered since 1885", Astronomical Journal, 41: 756–764, Bibcode:1971AJ.....76..756K, doi:10.1086/111193.
^ Treffers, R. R.; Filippenko, A. V.; Van Dyk, S. D.; Richmond, M. W.; Martel, A.; Goodrich, R. W. (1994). "Supernova 1994D in NGC 4526". International Astronomical Union Circular (5946): 2. Bibcode:1994IAUC.5946....2T.
^ Lentz, Eric J.; et al. (August 2001), "Non-LTE Synthetic Spectral Fits to the Type Ia Supernova 1994D in NGC 4526", The Astrophysical Journal, 557 (1): 756–764, arXiv:astro-ph/0104225, Bibcode:2001ApJ...557..266L, doi:10.1086/322239, S2CID 119535927.