Nekrasov is mostly known for his work on supersymmetric gauge theory, quantum integrability, and string theory. The Nekrasov partition function, which he introduced in his 2002 paper,[8] relates in an intricate way the instantons in gauge theory, integrable systems, and representation theory of infinite-dimensional algebras.
In late 2022, it was announced that Nekrasov was awarded the 2023 Dannie Heineman Prize for Mathematical Physics by the American Institute of Physics (AIP) and the American Physical Society (APS). The prize was awarded for Nekrasov's “elegant application of powerful mathematical techniques to extract exact results for quantum field theories, as well as shedding light on integrable systems and non-commutative geometry.”[1]
In 2024, Uppsala University of Sweden, awarded Nekrasov with a prestigious honorary doctorate.[10]