Nir Barkat

Nir Barkat
נִיר בַּרְקָת‎
Nir Barkat; נִיר בַּרְקָת‎
	Official portrait, 2023
Mayor of Jerusalem
	In office; 11 November 2008 – 4 December 2018
Preceded by	Uri Lupolianski
Succeeded by	Moshe Lion
Ministerial roles
2023–	Minister of Economy and Industry
Faction represented in the Knesset
2019–	Likud
Personal details
Born	19 October 1959 (age 65); Jerusalem, Israel
Spouse	Beverly Barkat
Children	3
Alma mater	Hebrew University of Jerusalem

Nir Barkat (Hebrew: נִיר בַּרְקָת; born 19 October 1959)^[2] is an Israeli businessman and politician currently serving as Minister of Economy. He served as mayor of Jerusalem between the years 2008–2018.^[3]

Biography

Nir Barkat was raised in Jerusalem.^[2] His father, Zalman, was a professor of physics at the Hebrew University. His great-grandfather came from Russia to Mandatory Palestine in the 1920s, and died in 1924.

Barkat served in the Paratroopers Brigade of the Israel Defense Forces for six years (1977–1983), as well as reserve duty, and reached the rank of major. Barkat was also wounded in combat in Lebanon.

Barkat holds a BA in computer science from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He also studied for a master's degree in business administration at the same institution, but has not completed it.^{[citation needed]}

Barkat and his wife Beverly, an artist, have three daughters. The family lives in the Jerusalem neighborhood of Beit HaKerem.^{[citation needed]}

Business career

High-Tech Ventures

Barkat started his career in the high-tech industry by founding a software company called BRM in 1988, which specialized in antivirus software.^[4] Later, the company became an incubator venture firm that invested in several companies such as Check Point and Backweb.^[5] He later helped found the social investment company IVN, Israel Venture Network. In 2007, Barkat took part in the Israeli version of Dragons' Den, the venture-capitalist television program, which consists of entrepreneurs pitching their ideas in order to secure investment from business experts.

Personal wealth

According to Forbes in 2013, Barkat's net worth is estimated at NIS 450 million (about $122 million), more than the combined value of the next three politicians on the list making him the wealthiest Israeli politician.^[6]^[7]^[8] On October 3, 2021, Barkat's name was included among 565 Israelis whose names were included in the Pandora papers.^[9] As mayor, he did not take any salary from the city of Jerusalem.^[6]

Political career

Nir Barkat, Sara Netanyahu and Ze'ev Elkin at the opening of Yad Levi Eshkol's visitors' center in Jerusalem

Campaign for mayor of Jerusalem

Nir Barkat's entry into politics was gradual, after his exposure to and philanthropic investments in Jerusalem's education system. In 1999, the Barkat family began to explore the educational gaps in Jerusalem through their investment in The Snunit Center for the Advancement of Web Based Learning, a non-profit, non-governmental organization which uses web based resources to improve online education and improve personal and social growth within the Israeli society.^[10] Barkat saw this investment as the beginning of his interest in entering into Jerusalem's municipal politics.

Barkat's official entry into politics began in January 2003, when he founded the party Yerushalayim Tatzli'ah ("Jerusalem Will Succeed") and ran in the Jerusalem mayoral race, securing 43% of the vote and losing to Uri Lupoliansky. After his initial loss, Barkat served as head of the opposition on the city council until his election as mayor in 2008. During this period he helped form StartUp Jerusalem, a venture to create jobs in the capital.^[11]^[12] He briefly led the Jerusalem faction of the Kadima party^[13]^[14]^[15] from 2006 - 2007, then a powerhouse in Israeli politics, but left due to disagreements with the proposal to relinquish portions of Jerusalem.^[16]^[17]^[18]

Mayor of Jerusalem

Barkat ran for a second time in November 2008, this time winning the election with 52% of the vote (his main rival, Meir Porush, won 43%). Barkat was described as a secular politician, contrasting with both Lupoliansky and Porush, who are Haredi.^[19]^[20] He ran on a platform of increasing tourism, finding solutions to the housing crisis, and opposing the light rail. He also vowed to make city council more approachable and transparent and decried the use of the mayors office a stepping stone to national politics.^[21]^[22] Controversies during his first term included the dismissal of city council member Rachel Azaria^[23] and his proposal for relinquishing predominantly Arab populated neighborhoods on the outskirts of the city limits.^[24] He helped to initiate the city's first international marathon in 2011^[25] and has personally participating in races both in Jerusalem and abroad.^[26]

In 2013, he ran for a second term, during which he was endorsed by the Labor Party, and also by a range of prominent Likud activists; he also had the tacit support of Meretz, which withdrew its candidate, Pepe Alalu, in order not to steal votes away from Barkat.^[27]^[28] His opponent Moshe Lion had backing from Avigdor Lieberman, head of the Yisrael Beiteinu party and Aryeh Deri, head of Shas.^[29] Barkat was re-elected with 52% of the vote^[30] compared to his main opponent Moshe Lion former head of the Jerusalem Development Authority, who ran as the Likud candidate who garnered 43% of the electorate.^[31] Lion has since served as a member of city council and in 2015 joined Barkat's coalition.^[32] Following the tense campaign, Barkat was fined NIS 400,000 for improper use of election funds.^[33] Since his election as Mayor, Barkat served the city for a salary of one shekel a year.^[34]

Controversies of his second term included the Formula 1 exhibition,^[35] part of the mayor's effort to raise Jerusalem's status as a cultural capital of the world and increase tourism. The Jerusalem Formula One event took place in 2013^[36] and in 2014 but garnered criticism for street closures which led to school cancellations, over expenditures, and its appropriateness for the city.^[37]^[38] Other controversies included planned addition to the light rail, specifically the blue line, which was planned to run down Emek Refaim street.^[39]^[40] Barkat also had a long-running feud with Finance Minister Moshe Kahlon over funding which led to city-wide strikes several years in a row.^[41] Kahlon argued that Barkat was wasting funding and mismanagement,^[42] while Barkat argued that Kahlon was withholding funds for political reasons.^[43] The resulting strikes caused garbage to pile up throughout the city and the threat of mass dismissals of municipal employees.^[44]^[45]

In December 2015 Barkat joined the Likud party.^[46]^[47]^[48] He previously endorsed Likud leader Benjamin Netanyahu for Prime Minister in the 2013 and 2015 Knesset elections.^[49]^[50] In March 2018 he announced his intention to run for national politics rather than seek re-election for a third term as mayor.^[51]

Since the mid 2000s, Jerusalem has developed into a regional center for tech start-ups, and was named the #1 emerging tech hub by Entrepreneur magazine.^[52] Barkat's administration has provided incentives, tax breaks, and grants for companies with employees living in the city. By 2016, over 500 start-ups had been established in Jerusalem, bringing in upwards of $243 million in investment in the first nine months of 2015.^[53] "'After the election of [Mayor Nir] Barkat, personal activism strengthened in the city. People felt they had influence, and it really connected with the entrepreneurial character', said Dana Mann, a partner in PICO Ventures, and previously a partner in OurCrowd."^[53]

Barkat has come under fire from some women's rights activists.^[who?] Some women on the Jerusalem City Council have protested illegal modesty signs.^[who?] Jerusalem city councilwoman Rachel Azaria, who brought the case of gender-segregated buses in Jerusalem to the court's attention, was fired by Barkat.^[54] Laura Wharton, a member of Jerusalem City Council, complained about the illegal modesty signs, but claims she was brushed off."^[55] Barkat has criticized Women of the Wall for their confrontational efforts to pray at the Kotel.^[56]

2015 terrorist attack

In February 2015, Barkat garnered international attention when he intervened after seeing a Palestinian man trying to stab a Jewish person. Barkat succeeded in physically subduing the attacker, with the Mayoral security detail coming in immediately afterward and the victim receiving first aid. The Tzahal Square incident prompted responses from figures such as former Israeli ambassador to the United States Michael Oren, who stated that Barkat had "courageously" acted, as well as commentators on Facebook who shared tongue-in-cheek images depicting Barkat as Batman, Neo, and other film characters.^[57] In October 2015, he encouraged Israelis to carry guns as a "duty" in light of increased tensions. His comments were criticised by various commentators.^[58]

National politics

In March 2018 he announced he would not run for another term in the Municipal Election, and instead will join the Likud Party, to be a member of Knesset in next elections. On 4 December 2018, he ceased serving as mayor.^[59]

Barkat was appointed Minister of Economy and Industry on 1 January 2023, on behalf of his party, the Likud.^[1]

After the Israeli military police in July 2024 visited Sde Teiman detention camp to detain nine Israeli soldiers suspected of abuse of a Palestinian prisoner, Barkat declared: "I support our fighters and call on the defense minister to immediately put a stop to the despicable show trial against them."^[60]

References

^ ^a ^b "Nir Barkat: Minister of Economy and Industry". Israel government website. 1 January 2023. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
^ ^a ^b "Members of the 25th Knesset". www.knesset.gov.il. Retrieved 19 April 2024.
^ Hasson, Nir; Haaretz (23 October 2013). "Israel Election Results Barkat Retains Jerusalem, Three Mayors Facing Criminal Charges Re-elected". Haaretz.
^ "A History of Success - BRM".^{[permanent dead link]}
^ "NEWS ANALYSIS Largest acquisition of Israeli firm spurs debate over high-tech's future". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. Retrieved 27 November 2017.
^ ^a ^b "Jerusalem mayor is richest politician". The Times of Israel.
^ "Jerusalem Mayor Nir Barkat Ranked Richest Politician - Israel National News". Israel National News. 10 September 2013. Retrieved 27 November 2017.
^ Haaretz (2 September 2013). "Jerusalem Mayor Nir Barkat Ranked Israel's Richest Politician". Haaretz. Retrieved 27 November 2017.
^ "Global investigation unveils alleged financial misdeeds by Likud MK Nir Barkat". The Times of Israel. 3 October 2021. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
^ Snunit, Maxim Zetser. "סנונית - לעוף רחוק יותר מהדמיון".
^ "News Brief". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. Retrieved 27 November 2017.
^ "New Nonprofit Aims to Boost Jerusalem's Ailing Economy". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. Retrieved 27 November 2017.
^ "Barkat to run Kadima's Jerusalem campaign (pg.3)". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 27 November 2017.
^ "Barkat to Head Jerusalem District of Kadima - Israel National News". Israel National News. 16 January 2006. Retrieved 27 November 2017.
^ Cidor, Peggy (19 January 2006). "Kadima: Nothing to Bark-at". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 27 November 2017.
^ "Olmert moves to keep Kadima united". The Jerusalem Post. 20 September 2007. Retrieved 27 November 2017.
^ Shragai, Nadav (21 September 2007). "No One in Kadima Is Asking if J'lem Will Be Divided, Just How". Haaretz. Retrieved 27 November 2017.
^ Meranda, Amnon (24 September 2007). "Kadima MKs vow to fight Ramon's withdrawal plan". Ynetnews. Retrieved 27 November 2017.
^ "Secularist 'wins Jerusalem vote'". BBC News. 11 November 2008.
^ Klein, Menachem (2001). Jerusalem: The Contested City. London: C. Hurst & Co. p. 197. ISBN 1-85065-575-8.
^ "Candidates for Jerusalem Mayor Duke it Out in Debate". Israel National News. November 2008. Retrieved 27 November 2017.
^ Lefkovits, Edgar (13 November 2008). "Barkat favors buses to light train". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 27 November 2017.
^ Lidman, Melanie (21 October 2011). "J'lem mayor fires coalition member over court petition". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 27 November 2017.
^ Haaretz (23 December 2011). "Israel MKs Slam Jerusalem Mayor for Suggesting Surrender of Palestinian Neighborhoods". Haaretz. Retrieved 27 November 2017.
^ Hasson, Nir (25 March 2011). "Days After Terror Attack, Jerusalem Hits the Pavement With First Marathon". Haaretz. Retrieved 27 November 2017.
^ Lidman, Melanie (15 March 2016). "How Nir Barkat runs Jerusalem". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 27 November 2017.
^ Ahren, Raphael (10 October 2013). "An unexpectedly bitter battle for Jerusalem enters its final stage". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 25 January 2023.
^ Eisenbud, Daniel K. (27 August 2013). "Barkat endorsed by dozens of Likud supporters in open letter". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 25 January 2023.
^ "Jerusalem mayor Nir Barkat wins second term after tough election race". The Guardian. Associated Press. 23 October 2013.
^ Elad Benari (23 October 2013). "Barkat Re-elected in Jerusalem". Israel National News.
^ "Incumbents Carry Most Israeli Municipal Elections Amid Disappointing Turnout - Hamodia Jewish and Israel News". Hamodia. 22 October 2013. Retrieved 27 November 2017.
^ "Jerusalem mayor announces coalition with former rival Moshe Lion". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 27 November 2017.
^ Lewis, Avi (1 October 2014). "Jerusalem's mayor fined for improper use of election funds". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 27 November 2017.
^ Reshet. "לאן אתה רץ, ניר ברקת?". Archived from the original on 23 February 2016. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
^ "Barkat: Formula One an Appropriate Answer to Int'l Criticism". Israel National News. 7 October 2014. Retrieved 27 November 2017.
^ "Mayor Nir Barkat's Lack of Poetry Has Brought Jerusalem Back From the Dead". Tablet Magazine. Retrieved 27 November 2017.
^ Hasson, Nir (6 October 2014). "No Racing Around Jerusalem for Ordinary Folks - Formula One Is in Town". Haaretz. Retrieved 27 November 2017.
^ "The wrong formula for Jerusalem". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 27 November 2017.
^ Troy, Gil (3 October 2017). "Center Field: Stop Mayor Barkat's 'train of pain' on Emek Refaim Street". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 27 November 2017.
^ "German Colony residents protest light rail plans - Globes English". Globes (in Hebrew). 23 January 2017. Retrieved 27 November 2017.
^ "WATCH: Garbage piles up as Jerusalem enters day 1 of municipality strike". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 25 March 2018.
^ Eisenbud, Daniel K. (16 November 2015). "Barkat leads demonstration blocking Knesset with dump trucks to protest Kahlon". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 25 March 2018.
^ "Jerusalem municipality declares general strike". Israel National News. 7 January 2018. Retrieved 25 March 2018.
^ Cidor, Peggy (4 January 2018). "Jerusalem of gold and money". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 25 March 2018.
^ Rozenberg, Adi (1 June 2018). "Jerusalem residents scatter trash around mayor's home". Ynetnews. Retrieved 25 March 2018.
^ "Jerusalem Mayor Nir Barkat announces he's joining Likud". The Times of Israel. 22 December 2015. Retrieved 27 November 2017.
^ Harkov, Lahav (22 December 2015). "Barkat joins Likud after leadership primary announcement". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 27 November 2017.
^ "Nir Barkat joins Likud, hints at possible MK run". Israel National News. 22 December 2015. Retrieved 27 November 2017.
^ Fisher, Gabe (21 January 2013). "Jerusalem mayor endorses Netanyahu for PM". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 25 January 2023.
^ Lewis, Avi (23 February 2015). "Jerusalem mayor endorses Netanyahu for top job". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 25 January 2023.
^ "Jerusalem Mayor Nir Barkat to quit and enter national politics - Globes English". Globes (in Hebrew). 25 March 2018. Retrieved 25 March 2018.
^ Cutler, Zach (23 April 2015). "5 Emerging Tech Hubs From Around the World".
^ ^a ^b Orpaz, Inbal (21 January 2016). "Jerusalem of Silicon: Capital's Startup Scene Turns Hot". Haaretz.
^ Gender segregation on rise in Israel Archived 5 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine Yahoo, 8 November 2011
^ Jerusalem women launch fight against 'degrading and discriminatory' modesty signs Haaretz, 9 February 2015
^ Barkat: Let the Palestinians rename Ramallah as ‘Jerusalem’ The Times of Israel, 7 May 2013
^ Chandler, Adam (23 February 2015). "Jerusalem's Mayor Subdues Knife-Wielding Attacker". The Atlantic.
^ "Jerusalem mayor tells Israelis to carry firearms at all times". Independent.co.uk. 8 October 2015. Archived from the original on 21 June 2022.
^ "Jerusalem's new mayor Lion vows to succeed King David". Jerusalem Post. 4 December 2018.
^ Peleg, Bar; Solomon, Eden; Maanit, Chen; Kubovich, Yaniv (30 July 2024). "IDF Moves Troops to Base Where Violent Mob Protested Arrest of Soldiers for Abusing Gaza Detainee". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 30 July 2024. Retrieved 30 July 2024.

External links

Nir Barkat official campaign page - Hebrew
Sari Makover-Belikov, 'After Netanyahu - it's my turn', Ynetnews, October 14, 2019

[govIL-1] "Nir Barkat: Minister of Economy and Industry". Israel government website. 1 January 2023. Retrieved 27 March 2024.

[:0-2] "Members of the 25th Knesset". www.knesset.gov.il. Retrieved 19 April 2024.

[3] Hasson, Nir; Haaretz (23 October 2013). "Israel Election Results Barkat Retains Jerusalem, Three Mayors Facing Criminal Charges Re-elected". Haaretz.

[4] "A History of Success - BRM".^{[permanent dead link]}

[5] "NEWS ANALYSIS Largest acquisition of Israeli firm spurs debate over high-tech's future". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. Retrieved 27 November 2017.

[timesofisrael.com-6] "Jerusalem mayor is richest politician". The Times of Israel.

[7] "Jerusalem Mayor Nir Barkat Ranked Richest Politician - Israel National News". Israel National News. 10 September 2013. Retrieved 27 November 2017.

[8] Haaretz (2 September 2013). "Jerusalem Mayor Nir Barkat Ranked Israel's Richest Politician". Haaretz. Retrieved 27 November 2017.

[timesofisrael-9] "Global investigation unveils alleged financial misdeeds by Likud MK Nir Barkat". The Times of Israel. 3 October 2021. Retrieved 26 January 2023.

[10] Snunit, Maxim Zetser. "סנונית - לעוף רחוק יותר מהדמיון".

[11] "News Brief". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. Retrieved 27 November 2017.

[12] "New Nonprofit Aims to Boost Jerusalem's Ailing Economy". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. Retrieved 27 November 2017.

[13] "Barkat to run Kadima's Jerusalem campaign (pg.3)". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 27 November 2017.

[14] "Barkat to Head Jerusalem District of Kadima - Israel National News". Israel National News. 16 January 2006. Retrieved 27 November 2017.

[15] Cidor, Peggy (19 January 2006). "Kadima: Nothing to Bark-at". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 27 November 2017.

[16] "Olmert moves to keep Kadima united". The Jerusalem Post. 20 September 2007. Retrieved 27 November 2017.

[17] Shragai, Nadav (21 September 2007). "No One in Kadima Is Asking if J'lem Will Be Divided, Just How". Haaretz. Retrieved 27 November 2017.

[18] Meranda, Amnon (24 September 2007). "Kadima MKs vow to fight Ramon's withdrawal plan". Ynetnews. Retrieved 27 November 2017.

[19] "Secularist 'wins Jerusalem vote'". BBC News. 11 November 2008.

[20] Klein, Menachem (2001). Jerusalem: The Contested City. London: C. Hurst & Co. p. 197. ISBN 1-85065-575-8.

[21] "Candidates for Jerusalem Mayor Duke it Out in Debate". Israel National News. November 2008. Retrieved 27 November 2017.

[22] Lefkovits, Edgar (13 November 2008). "Barkat favors buses to light train". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 27 November 2017.

[23] Lidman, Melanie (21 October 2011). "J'lem mayor fires coalition member over court petition". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 27 November 2017.

[24] Haaretz (23 December 2011). "Israel MKs Slam Jerusalem Mayor for Suggesting Surrender of Palestinian Neighborhoods". Haaretz. Retrieved 27 November 2017.

[25] Hasson, Nir (25 March 2011). "Days After Terror Attack, Jerusalem Hits the Pavement With First Marathon". Haaretz. Retrieved 27 November 2017.

[26] Lidman, Melanie (15 March 2016). "How Nir Barkat runs Jerusalem". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 27 November 2017.

[27] Ahren, Raphael (10 October 2013). "An unexpectedly bitter battle for Jerusalem enters its final stage". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 25 January 2023.

[28] Eisenbud, Daniel K. (27 August 2013). "Barkat endorsed by dozens of Likud supporters in open letter". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 25 January 2023.

[guardian-29] "Jerusalem mayor Nir Barkat wins second term after tough election race". The Guardian. Associated Press. 23 October 2013.

[30] Elad Benari (23 October 2013). "Barkat Re-elected in Jerusalem". Israel National News.

[31] "Incumbents Carry Most Israeli Municipal Elections Amid Disappointing Turnout - Hamodia Jewish and Israel News". Hamodia. 22 October 2013. Retrieved 27 November 2017.

[32] "Jerusalem mayor announces coalition with former rival Moshe Lion". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 27 November 2017.

[33] Lewis, Avi (1 October 2014). "Jerusalem's mayor fined for improper use of election funds". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 27 November 2017.

[34] Reshet. "לאן אתה רץ, ניר ברקת?". Archived from the original on 23 February 2016. Retrieved 15 February 2016.

[35] "Barkat: Formula One an Appropriate Answer to Int'l Criticism". Israel National News. 7 October 2014. Retrieved 27 November 2017.

[36] "Mayor Nir Barkat's Lack of Poetry Has Brought Jerusalem Back From the Dead". Tablet Magazine. Retrieved 27 November 2017.

[37] Hasson, Nir (6 October 2014). "No Racing Around Jerusalem for Ordinary Folks - Formula One Is in Town". Haaretz. Retrieved 27 November 2017.

[38] "The wrong formula for Jerusalem". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 27 November 2017.

[39] Troy, Gil (3 October 2017). "Center Field: Stop Mayor Barkat's 'train of pain' on Emek Refaim Street". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 27 November 2017.

[40] "German Colony residents protest light rail plans - Globes English". Globes (in Hebrew). 23 January 2017. Retrieved 27 November 2017.

[41] "WATCH: Garbage piles up as Jerusalem enters day 1 of municipality strike". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 25 March 2018.

[42] Eisenbud, Daniel K. (16 November 2015). "Barkat leads demonstration blocking Knesset with dump trucks to protest Kahlon". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 25 March 2018.

[43] "Jerusalem municipality declares general strike". Israel National News. 7 January 2018. Retrieved 25 March 2018.

[44] Cidor, Peggy (4 January 2018). "Jerusalem of gold and money". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 25 March 2018.

[45] Rozenberg, Adi (1 June 2018). "Jerusalem residents scatter trash around mayor's home". Ynetnews. Retrieved 25 March 2018.

[46] "Jerusalem Mayor Nir Barkat announces he's joining Likud". The Times of Israel. 22 December 2015. Retrieved 27 November 2017.

[47] Harkov, Lahav (22 December 2015). "Barkat joins Likud after leadership primary announcement". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 27 November 2017.

[48] "Nir Barkat joins Likud, hints at possible MK run". Israel National News. 22 December 2015. Retrieved 27 November 2017.

[49] Fisher, Gabe (21 January 2013). "Jerusalem mayor endorses Netanyahu for PM". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 25 January 2023.

[50] Lewis, Avi (23 February 2015). "Jerusalem mayor endorses Netanyahu for top job". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 25 January 2023.

[51] "Jerusalem Mayor Nir Barkat to quit and enter national politics - Globes English". Globes (in Hebrew). 25 March 2018. Retrieved 25 March 2018.

[52] Cutler, Zach (23 April 2015). "5 Emerging Tech Hubs From Around the World".

[haaretz.com-53] Orpaz, Inbal (21 January 2016). "Jerusalem of Silicon: Capital's Startup Scene Turns Hot". Haaretz.

[54] Gender segregation on rise in Israel Archived 5 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine Yahoo, 8 November 2011

[55] Jerusalem women launch fight against 'degrading and discriminatory' modesty signs Haaretz, 9 February 2015

[56] Barkat: Let the Palestinians rename Ramallah as ‘Jerusalem’ The Times of Israel, 7 May 2013

[subdues-57] Chandler, Adam (23 February 2015). "Jerusalem's Mayor Subdues Knife-Wielding Attacker". The Atlantic.

[58] "Jerusalem mayor tells Israelis to carry firearms at all times". Independent.co.uk. 8 October 2015. Archived from the original on 21 June 2022.

[59] "Jerusalem's new mayor Lion vows to succeed King David". Jerusalem Post. 4 December 2018.

[60] Peleg, Bar; Solomon, Eden; Maanit, Chen; Kubovich, Yaniv (30 July 2024). "IDF Moves Troops to Base Where Violent Mob Protested Arrest of Soldiers for Abusing Gaza Detainee". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 30 July 2024. Retrieved 30 July 2024.

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Nir Barkat

Biography

Business career

High-Tech Ventures

Personal wealth

Political career

Campaign for mayor of Jerusalem

Mayor of Jerusalem

2015 terrorist attack

National politics

See also

References

External links

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