On the outbreak of World War I in 1914 Macmillan enlisted as a private in the 9th (Glasgow Highland) Battalion of the Highland Light Infantry and served in Belgium and France,[1] spending 16½ months in the trenches.[3] He then transferred to the Royal Flying Corps, being commissioned as a temporary second lieutenant (on probation) on 26 September 1916,[4] and was appointed a flying officer on 27 February 1917.[5] Posted to No. 45 Squadron RFC flying the Sopwith 1½ Strutter and Sopwith Camel aircraft, he became an ace, being credited with nine aerial victories between 5 June and 20 October 1917.[1] He was also appointed a flight commander with the temporary rank of captain on 1 September 1917.[6] Macmillan was removed from front line service after a flying accident on 6 January 1918, and returned to England, where he served as a flying instructor.[7] He received the Military Cross "for conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty" in February 1918,[8] and also the Air Force Cross.
Post-war career
Macmillan relinquished his RAF commission "on ceasing to be employed" on 10 June 1919,[9] though this was later cancelled.[10] He was re-employed by the RAF and granted a temporary commission as a flight lieutenant on 15 April 1921.[11]
He served as a flying instructor to the Spanish Navy and Army Air Forces, seeing action in the Spanish front lines during the Rif War in Morocco.[3]
In 1922 he, Major W T Blake and Geoffrey Malins made an unsuccessful attempt to fly a Daily News-sponsored round-the-world flight. The first stage from London to Calcutta was flown in a modified de Havilland DH.9, initially G-EBDE, and subsequently G-EBDL which was later donated to the University of Benares. The second stage from Calcutta to Vancouver ended with the loss of the aircraft, Fairey IIIC floatplane G-EBDI, in the Bay of Bengal.[12] Macmillan would subsequently write of the attempt in his 1937 book, Freelance Pilot. The flying journal Aeroplane appeared to have little respect for the expedition, printing a weekly satirical cartoon based on the then popular Adventures of Pip, Squeak and Wilfred serial, as "The Adventures of Mac, Broome and Wilfred", followed by a satirical letter addressed to "My Dear Pilots and Ground Wallahs".[13]
During the early 1920s, Macmillan worked as a free-lance test pilot, unattached to any particular company.[14] He flew Fairey aircraft from 1921,[15] and also took five Parnall aircraft on their first flights,[16] taking part in the 1923 Lympne light aircraft trials, demonstrating the Parnall Pixie aircraft.[17] Macmillan eventually joined Fairey full-time in early 1925 as chief test pilot[14] and stayed with them until the end of 1930. He then became chief consultant test pilot to Armstrong Whitworth Aircraft.[18] In 1925 he was the first to land (an emergency landing) at Heathrow, which then was a row of cottages in land used for market gardening.
In addition to flying Macmillan wrote numerous magazine articles, as well as books on aviation, including a series detailing the history of the Royal Air Force during the Second World War. Despite being partly written during the war they are remarkably detailed and accurate. He served in the Royal Air Force during World War II as a war correspondent, rising to the rank of acting wing commander.[1]
Macmillan also served as the commander of the Cornwall Wing of the Air Training Corps from 1945 until 1958, and was the First RAF member of the Cornwall Territorial and Auxiliary Forces Association from 1947 to 1961, twice serving as Vice-Chairman (Air). He was also the President of the National League of Airmen, a founder associate member of the Institution of Aeronautical Engineers in 1919, and was made an Associate Fellow of the Royal Aeronautical Society in 1928, and in 1929 was one of the founders of the Guild of Air Pilots and Air Navigators, a first Warden, Deputy Master (1934–35), and a Freeman and Liveryman of the Guild.[3]
Among his other achievements Macmillan was the first pilot to fly from London to Sweden in a day; a prizewinner at the first International Light Aeroplane meeting; and was the first British pilot to fly across the Andes.[3]
In 1963 Macmillan was interviewed for the BBC documentary series The Great War, made to mark the 50th anniversary of the war. In it he spoke about his experiences flying ground attack missions during the battle of Passchendaele, of air combat, and of the differences in the experience of fighting as an infantryman in the trenches and as a pilot. The full unedited interview was made available online in 2014.[24]
1936: The Romance of Modern Exploration and Discovery
1937: Freelance Pilot
1938: The Chosen Instrument
1939: How We Fly (Edited)
1941: Best Flying Stories (Edited)
1942: The Air Cadet's Handbook on How to Pilot an Aeroplane
1942: The Pilot's Book on Advanced Flying
1942: Royal Air Force in the World War, Volume 1 1919–1940; Aftermath of War, Prelude to the Blitzkrieg, the Campaign in Norway
1944: Royal Air Force in the World War, Volume 2 1940–1941; The Battles of Holland, Belgium and France, the Battle of Britain
1949: Royal Air Force in the World War, Volume 3 1940–1945; The Battles of North Africa, Mediterranean, Sicily, Italy, Middle East and Eastern Africa
1950: Royal Air Force in the World War, Volume 4 1940–1945; The Bomber Offensive, the Battle of the Atlantic, Battles in Europe 1944, Battles in the Far East
1950: Where Shall We Go? (Edited)
1955: Great Airman
1960: Great Aircraft
1963: Tales of Two Air Wars
1964: Great Flights and Air Adventures, From Balloons to Spacecraft
1967: Wings of Fate – Strange True Tales of the Vintage Flying DaysISBN0-7135-0692-X
1973: Offensive Patrol: The Story of the RNAS, RFC and RAF in Italy, 1917–18ISBN0-09-116180-0
Macmillan also gave a talk on BBC Radio on 17 October 1923,[26] a transcript of which was published in the 23 November 1923 edition of The Radio Times.[27]
