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up Ottoman in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Ottoman may refer to: Osman I, historically known in English as "Ottoman I", founder of the Ottoman Empire...

the victorious Ottomans. As the Turks expanded into the Balkans, the conquest of Constantinople became a crucial objective. The Ottomans had already wrested...

The Young Ottomans (Ottoman Turkish: یکی عثمانلیلر, romanized: Yeŋî ʿOs̱mânlıler; Turkish: Yeni Osmanlılar) were a secret society established in 1865...

team played under the name of the Ottoman Sevens. Out of the 64 teams within the 2-day competition, the İstanbul Ottomans just missed out a place on the...

the Ottomans' claim to the caliphate. Although the treaty made official the Ottoman Empire's loss of the Crimean Khanate, it acknowledged the Ottoman caliph's...

strongly influenced Ottomanism. It promoted equality among the millets. The idea of Ottomanism originated amongst the Young Ottomans (founded in 1865) in...

An ottoman is a piece of furniture. Generally, ottomans have neither backs nor arms. They may be an upholstered low couch or a smaller cushioned seat used...

Empire distracted Christians from their conflict with the Ottomans. Meanwhile, the Ottomans had to contend with Safavid Empire and also to a lesser extent...

pushing the Ottomans back all the way to their trenches. Because of the simultaneous Habsburg cavalry and infantry attack, the Ottomans retreated leaving...

The talented Safavid general, Nader, gave the Ottomans an ultimatum to withdraw, which the Ottomans chose to ignore. A series of campaigns followed...

Thrace, the locals welcomed the Ottomans who once again began blockading key fortresses in Asia Minor. The Ottomans were able to build on their military...

called on Mehmed to protect him, and Mehmed's Ottomans now garrisoned Constantinople against Musa's Ottomans of Thrace. Mehmed made several unsuccessful...

attempting to free Balkan nations from the Ottoman Empire. The Russian-led coalition won the war, pushing the Ottomans back all the way to the gates of Constantinople...

the principality; the polity and the people were named "Ottomans" by Europeans after him ("Ottoman" being a corruption of "Osman"). Osman's son Orhan expanded...

Ottoman Empire, and the Ottomans themselves were distracted by wars in Europe and weakened by internal turmoil. Eventually, the Ottomans were able to recover...

Constantinople to the Ottomans in 1453, the Despotate of the Morea was the last remnant of the Byzantine Empire to hold out against the Ottomans. However, it fell...

and Qajar states of Iran (Persia) through the 16th–19th centuries. The Ottomans consolidated their control of what is today Turkey in the 15th century...

the Ottomans), the Ottomans turned the ancient Parthenon into an ammunitions storehouse. A Venetian mortar hit the Parthenon, detonating the Ottoman gunpowder...

authority by the Ottomans reached its height under Abdul Hamid II (r. 1876–1909), who attempted to cultivate support for the Ottoman Empire through a...

destroyed the Ottoman fleet. The Ottomans rebuilt their naval forces and forced Venice to negotiate a separate peace, ceding Cyprus to the Ottomans and paying...

Ottomans in the Great Turkish War, the Ottomans recognized the loss of the Ottoman Hungary by the Treaty of Karlowitz in 1699. The remaining Ottoman occupied...

the Ottomans, having to hand over Lesbos, Shkodër, and other territory in the Peloponnese. In addition, the Venetians were ordered to pay the Ottomans 10...

military cooperation against the Ottomans. Some historians maintain that the battle marked a turning point in the Ottoman–Habsburg wars, a 300-year struggle...

uprisings in Gaza, Ramla and Safad, which were quickly suppressed. The Ottomans maintained the administrative and political organisation that the Mamluks...

The relationship between the Ottomans and the Mamluks had been adversarial since the Fall of Constantinople to the Ottomans in 1453; both states vied for...

struggle with the Ottomans, he agreed to the Truce of Ratisbon in 1684. However, as the Holy League made gains against the Ottoman Empire, capturing Belgrade...

settlement. The Ottomans threatened Russia's Caucasian territories and Britain's communications with India via the Suez Canal. The Ottoman Empire took advantage...

conquests, the Ottomans also were interested in the region because of the hajj. Having conquered the former Muslim defenders of the hajj, the Ottomans, being...

romanized: Ḫānedān-ı Āl-i ʿOsmān), also known as the Ottomans (Turkish: Osmanlılar). According to Ottoman tradition, the family originated from the Kayı tribe...

1748. During Venetian rule, the Ottomans at times raided Cyprus. In 1489, the first year of Venetian control, Ottomans attacked the Karpass Peninsula,...

Anatolia before the Ottomans". In Fierro (2010), pp. 299–312. doi:10.1017/CHOL9780521839570.012 Fleet, Kate. "The rise of the Ottomans". In Fierro (2010)...

the Kingdom fell to the Ottomans, and this territory came under its firm control. Herzegovina gradually fell to the Ottomans by 1482. It took another...

from the Ottomans. It is said that Constantine, throwing aside his purple imperial regalia, led the final charge against the incoming Ottomans, perishing...

Ottoman railways may refer to: Chemins de Fer Ottomans d'Anatolie an Ottoman railway company located in Central Anatolia of the Ottoman Empire. The Syria...

the Ottoman Pasha in Tihama to pacify the country. Yemeni merchants knew that the return of the Ottomans would improve their trade, for the Ottomans would...

nominal Ottoman suzerainty. In 1835, the Ottomans reestablished direct control over the region until its annexation by Italy in 1912. Like the Ottoman regencies...

Bosnia was conquered by the ottomans in 1463, and the Duchy of Saint Sava in 1482. Thus by the end of the 15th century, Ottoman rule was established firmly...

eastern territories comprising Khorasan, the Ottomans started the attack, effectively starting the war. The Ottomans started the war, with the objective of...

is possible that Ottoman historians tried forming a connection between the Ottomans and the Seljuks, especially since the Ottomans appeared on the stage...

Ottoman Egypt was an administrative division of the Ottoman Empire after the conquest of Mamluk Egypt by the Ottomans in 1517. The Ottomans administered...

of the early Ottomans. Variations of this floor plan were the most common type of major religious structure sponsored by the early Ottoman elites. The...

against the Ottoman Empire. The Albanian resistance and war against the Ottomans continued for 48 years. The last fortresses captured by the Ottomans were Shkodër...

connotations for the early Ottomans, and were often used in a secular sense to simply refer to raids. Additionally, the early Ottomans were neither strict orthodox...

the Ottomans withdraw. The Hotaks further made demands that the Ottomans rejected, who declared war in response. A numerically superior Ottoman force...

had developed, with the Greeks unable to drive the Ottomans out of most of Greece, but the Ottomans were unable to crush the revolt definitively. However...

When Abbas I decided to attack the Ottomans to recover the large territories lost in the previous war, the Ottomans were engaged heavily in the European...

death because Zsigmond János interceded with the Ottomans, referring to the truce. Then, the Ottomans lifted the siege on 4 May and left for home. Balassa...

In the short term, the Ottomans sought to secure Zápolya's position. Historians offer conflicting interpretations of the Ottomans' long-term goals, including...

support to the war party. In 1787 the Ottomans demanded that Russia vacate the Crimea. Russia declared war, but Ottoman preparations were inadequate and the...

the Arabian Desert and south of the Taurus Mountains. Ottoman Syria was organized by the Ottomans upon conquest from the Mamluk Sultanate in the early...

This article contains Ottoman Turkish text, written from right to left with some Arabic letters and additional symbols joined. Without proper rendering...

on 1554 the Ottomans launched the Capture of Fez with the goal to conquer Morocco, which briefly they do. Another goal of the Ottomans was to have access...

reforms, the Ottoman Army met with disastrous defeat in the Italo-Turkish War (1911–1912) and the Balkan Wars (1912–1913), resulting in the Ottomans being driven...

quo ante bellum. It lasted until the Ottomans and the Mamluks again went to war in 1516–17; in that war the Ottomans defeated and conquered the Mamluks...

Additionally, the Safavid governor of Azerbaijan, Ulameh Soltan, defected to the Ottomans and informed them of the ongoing struggles of the Persians with the Uzbeks...

Persia indirectly supported the war against the Ottomans in Hungary and the Balkans. The Ottomans' objective in the war was to seize Vienna,[citation...

from Damascus, Cairo or Yemen. The Ottomans got expelled and was forced to withdrew from Al-Hasa in 1680. The Ottomans still claimed Al-hasa as part of...

arrival of the Ottoman fleet in June. The Ottomans assailed the fortifications, exploding over 70 mines, but the defenders held firm. The Ottomans lost over...

the Ottomans. Large territories, including those with large Muslim populations, such as Crimea, were lost to the Russian Empire. However, the Ottomans under...

and after besieging Basra for a year, took the city from the Ottomans in 1776. The Ottomans, unable to send troops, were dependent on the Mamluk governors...

longer furnishing the Ottomans.[better source needed] Venetians' help to the Ottomans notwithstanding, by September 1450, the Ottoman camp was in disarray...

after being driven out of Rhodes, also by the Ottomans, in 1522, following the siege of Rhodes. The Ottomans first attempted to take Malta in 1551 but failed...

Netherlands) in a common front against the Ottomans. In the resulting Great Turkish War (1683–1699) the Ottoman Empire suffered a number of defeats such...

garas. The Ottoman kuruş was introduced in 1688. It was initially a large silver piece (similar to the European thalers issued by the Ottomans), approximately...

of the Ottomans, such as Karamanids, Uzun Hassan, and the Crimean Khanate. The new alliance launched a two-pronged offensive against the Ottomans: a Venetian...

the Ottoman Empire. After the Ottoman victory at the Siege of Bihać (1592) in Croatia, 800 civilians were enslaved by the Ottomans. The Ottomans frequently...

peaceful relations with the Ottomans, but his influence over Mehmed was limited and he was ultimately loyal to the Ottomans, not the Byzantines.[better source needed]...

besieged Malacca, although the Ottomans do not seem to have participated directly. It seems however that the Ottomans were able to supply cannoneers for...

receptions at the time of its release. Muslim Ottomans Christian Ottomans Hebrew Ottomans The Ottoman Sultan The Ottoman Parliament Law Courts, Police and Army...

peaceful settlement between Russia and the Ottomans, the Austrians entered the war on the side of the Ottomans with an attack against the Russians in the...

making to the Ottomans; in the form of Jews fleeing from the Spanish Inquisition. Archival evidence supports the notion that the Ottoman artillery was...

, the moon was obscured and the ships no longer visible to the Ottomans. The Ottomans were not sure if this was a real landing or a diversion. Once the...

sources place the losses higher, with 10,000 Christians and 40,000 Ottomans dead. The Ottomans were quick to rebuild their navy. About six months after the...

unified through a bloodless coup with the Principality of Bulgaria. The Ottomans reorganised the Bulgarian territories, dividing them into several vilayets...

Ottoman Macedonia may refer to: The region of Macedonia when ruled by the Ottoman Empire from the 14th to early 20th century Salonica vilayet, administrative...

of the Ottomans is a black hole. Any attempt to fill this hole will result simply in more fables. Lindner, Rudi P. (1983). Nomads and Ottomans in Medieval...

legitimate possession over Yerevan with the Ottomans through the Treaty of Amasya. In 1582–1583, the Ottomans led by Serdar Ferhad Pasha took brief control...

1588–1629), they would be permanently ceded to the Ottomans by the 1639 Treaty of Zuhab. At Chaldiran, the Ottomans had a larger, better-equipped army numbering...

an especially important role in defining the Ottoman–Safavid relationship. Both the Safavids and Ottomans relied on ties to Islam to help justify their...

Mergaver was occupied, and three days later the Ottomans threatened Urmia. From 1906 to 1911, the Ottomans, in concert with local Kurdish allies, continued...

He had to accept that the Ottomans had captured the fortress of Giurgiu on the Danube and strengthened it. The Ottomans defeated Hunyadi's army in the...

rooted out the Wahhabis under the request of the Ottoman sultan by 1818. In 1833 Pasha turned on the Ottomans and established his rule over the Levant. His...

encompassed much of the territory of modern Iraq. In the 17th century, the Ottomans had reorganized Iraq into four eyalets (Baghdad, Basra, Mosul, and Shahrizor)...

monarchy and the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman aim was to resume the advance in central Europe, conquer Vienna and subdue Austria. The Ottomans managed to capture...

term "Ottomans". The Ottoman ruling class identified themselves as Ottomans until the 19th century. In the late 19th century, as the Ottomans adopted...

Erickson, A military history of the Ottomans: from Osman to Atatürk, ABC CLIO, 2009, p. 76, "In the end both Ottomans and Portuguese had the recognize the...

Ottoman Invasion of Mani was one of a series of invasions by the Ottomans to subdue the Maniots. Mani was the only region of Greece that the Ottomans...

p. 40. ISBN 978-1-4516-3512-6. The Ottomans pushed back with the 1811–18 Ottoman Wahhabi War, led by the Ottoman's viceroy in Egypt. Valerie Anishchenkova...

quickly captured by the Ottomans, who set it on fire, killing the Cretan warriors inside. The battle stopped with nightfall. The Ottomans received two heavy...

bore the brunt of the Ottoman wars in Europe during the 15th century and successfully halted the Ottoman advance. The Ottomans won a significant victory...

and the Ottomans engaged in a series of military campaigns against one another in Hungary between 1526 and 1568. While overall the Ottomans had the upper...

It happened while the Ottomans were entangled in their northern struggle against the Habsburgs – beginning with the failed Ottoman attempt to conquer Vienna...

and Joseph II seemed to have been reluctant to fight the Ottomans. In July, the Ottomans crossed the Danube and broke into the Austrian Banat. Supply...

of Tunis, overwhelming the Ottoman garrison. Following the final Ottoman reconquest of Tunis from Spain in 1574, the Ottomans maintained control of Tunis...

Navplion. The Ottomans next turned their focus to the Adriatic. Here, in what the Venetians considered their home waters, the Ottomans, through the combined...

strategically disadvantaged Ottoman armies, achieving rapid success. The war was a comprehensive and unmitigated disaster for the Ottomans, who lost 83% of their...

submitting to Ottoman Rule. The Ottomans would attack Ibb and the Zaidi Garrison would be defeated taken over by the Ottomans in 25 June 1569. The Ottoman forces...

Ottomans. A series of attempts by the Ottomans to take the island began in 1431 when Ottoman troops under Ali Bey landed on the island. The Ottomans tried...

attack. These types of attacks greatly increased the casualties of the Ottomans. The siege continued for 40 days. Towards the end, impatient Murad urged...

shoulder, knee and toe-warming up is a solid hint of where the Ottomans are. The Istanbul Ottomans R.F.C. are the first ever Turkish rugby union team, having...

Ottoman Fleet, was the naval warfare arm of the Ottoman Empire. It was established after the Ottomans first reached the sea in 1323 by capturing Praenetos...

empire's history, as the Ottomans' classical tradition also found its place outside of the court. By the end of the 18th century, Ottoman music had incorporated...

furnishing the Ottomans any longer.[better source needed] Venetian help to the Ottomans notwithstanding, by September 1450, the Ottoman camp was in disarray...

itself in the conflict because of public opinion against the Ottomans, following reports of Ottoman brutality in putting down the Bulgarian uprising. Russia's...

Kurdistan. Parts of Greater Kurdistan under Ottoman control are collectively known as Ottoman Kurdistan. The Ottomans first made contact with Kurds during their...

Ottomans: Europe's Muslim Emperors". BBC. September 2013. Archived from the original on 24 September 2013. Retrieved 6 September 2013. The Ottomans:...

out that only the Ottomans lost territory and that the territories at issue was inhabited primarily by Muslims. However the Ottomans did not push this...

Russians. After the Ottomans invaded Hungary after the Battle of Mohács in 1526, Poland refrained from interfering with the Ottomans in the southwest. Poland...

the Ottoman Empire in 1453, Mehmed set his sights on other campaigns. In Anatolia, the Greek Empire of Trebizond was still resisting the Ottomans, and...

1579–1590, the Ottomans took the city alongside Tabriz. On June 8, 1604, during the next bout of hostilities between the two archrivals, the Ottoman–Safavid...

Belgrade: Državna štamparija. Gradeva, Rositsa (2004). Rumeli Under the Ottomans, 15th-18th Centuries: Institutions and Communities. Isis Press. ISBN 978-975-428-271-9...

between the Ottomans and the Asutrian garrison of Mehadia. After a siege of 3 days and heroic defense, the Austrians surrendered to the Ottomans. During the...

the Ottomans seized leadership over the rest of the Muslim world, and consequently Selim is popularly remembered as the first legitimate Ottoman Caliph...

Retrieved 23 April 2018. Fleet, Kate (2010). "The rise of the Ottomans". The rise of the Ottomans (Chapter 11) – The New Cambridge History of Islam. Cambridge...

or tributary states, meaning they recognized Ottoman suzerainty but retained a degree of autonomy. Ottomans first demanded only a small yearly tribute from...

war on the Ottoman Empire. He demanded the surrender of Baghdad. The Persians had captured Baghdad in 1623 and Mosul in 1624, but the Ottomans had recaptured...

there was not much chance of foreign assistance against the Ottomans. With the Ottomans' support, Vladislav II of Wallachia even plundered the southern...

Lesbos in August 1462, and the Ottomans landed on the island on 1 September. After a few days of skirmishing, the Ottomans brought up their artillery and...

and by 1636, the Zaydi tribesmen had driven the Ottomans out of the country completely. The Ottomans had two fundamental interests to safeguard in Yemen:...

stronger commercial relations and in the hopes of England to ally with the Ottomans against the Spanish. Mehmed was born at the Manisa Palace on 26 May 1566...

Safavids and the Ottomans. As a result of the battle, the tribes and beyliks in Eastern Anatolia declared allegiance to the Ottomans. The battle also...

Safavid Empire that lived near the Ottoman borders was forcefully deported to other parts of Iran or killed. As the Ottomans advanced deeper into the Safavid...

1770 Ottoman invasion of Mani was one of a series of invasions by the Ottomans to subdue the Maniots. Mani was one region of Greece that the Ottomans had...

sources explicitly connected the Ottomans to the Romans; sixteenth-century Portuguese sources for instance refer to the Ottomans they battled in the Indian...

the affairs of Moldavia, which the Ottoman Empire considered within its sphere of influence. Additionally, the Ottomans were aggravated by the constant raids...

Bosnians were deemed to be militaristic according to non-Ottoman records of the war between the Ottomans and Austrians and they played a role in the Bosnian...

600 men killed on the last day. Although the Ottomans were victorious, the siege stopped the planned Ottoman push towards Vienna that year. Vienna was not...

requesting their protection from the Ottomans. Venice opted for neutral approach, not to jeopardize peace with Ottomans, and refused their request. By 1449...

Battle of Győr was fought between the Ottomans and the Habsburgs on August 4, 1577, during a truce period. The Ottomans defeated the Habsburgs. 1577 during...

and the invading Ottoman Empire, commanded by Suleiman the Magnificent and his grand vizier, Pargalı Ibrahim Pasha. The Ottomans achieved a decisive...

settlement with the Ottomans; the writings of Metropolitan Symeon record that a number of inhabitants fled at this time to the Ottomans. This sentiment even...

Ottoman Invasion of Mani was one of a series of invasions by the Ottomans to subdue the Maniots. Mani was the only region of Greece that the Ottomans...

of the Ottomans, the Karamanid army under the command of Alaeddin Ali Bey, who had mobilized all his forces against the Ottomans, and the Ottoman army under...

side and Đurađ and Ottomans on the other. In the first half of 1448, Stjepan Vukčić, in an attempt to "bolster his case with the Ottomans", added the title...

The Ottomans won, killing more than 5,000 men and sinking many vessels. However, typical of the aftermath of Mediterranean battles, the Ottomans did not...

Khankah was a military engagement between the Ottomans and the French army that took place near Cairo. The Ottomans defeated the French, marking the beginning...

took place between the gangs and the ottomans in which 15% of the total population of the city was killed. Ottomans emerged victorious and set a sunni governor...

of Gallipoli by the Ottomans in 1354 kicked off a rapid Turkish expansion in the southern Balkans, conducted both by the Ottomans themselves and by semi-independent...

1648, the Ottomans occupied the rest of the island and prepared to take the capital, Candia. The siege of Candia began in May 1648. The Ottomans spent three...

Ottoman-held Balkans was different from formal Persian both in accent and vocabulary. The difference was apparent to such a degree that the Ottomans referred...

officials in these districts, to which the Ottomans promised they would comply. However, by early 1903, the Ottomans had already appointed the first mudir...

influential in the formation of the Young Ottomans and their struggle for governmental reform in the Ottoman Empire during the late Tanzimat period, which...

Netherlands) in a common front against the Ottomans. In the resulting Great Turkish War (1684–1699) the Ottoman Empire suffered a number of defeats such...

military campaign against the Ottomans and dealt several defeats to the Ottomans After capturing Kamieniec Podolski, the Ottoman army began the siege of Lwów...

Interactions between Ottomans and Britons occurred throughout history. After diplomatic relations between the British and Ottoman empires were established...

and Islamic Arts: Thirteen Centuries of Glory from the Umayyads to the Ottomans. Blue Dome Press. p. 159. ISBN 9781935295020. Hammer-Purgstall, Joseph...

exclave of Philadelphia to the Ottomans, John V was reestablished on the throne with the help of Venetian ships and Ottoman soldiers. After John V entered...

Military History of the Ottomans: From Osman to Atatürk. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-0313056031. Nicolle, David (2024-11-07). Armies of the Ottoman Empire 1775–1820....

Ottoman constitution of 1876 which was advocated for by the Young Ottomans. The Young Ottomans considered the modern parliamentary system to be a restatement...

Ottoman Yemen may refer to: Yemen Eyalet (1517–1872), an eyalet (top-level province) of the Ottoman Empire, roughly encompassing modern Yemen Yemen Vilayet...

once characterized as a period of decline for the Ottomans, but since the 1980s historians of the Ottoman Empire have increasingly rejected that characterization...

Halil İnalcık, the battle allowed the Ottomans to achieve the characteristics and qualities of a state. The Ottoman conquest of Bithynia was nonetheless...

time though, the Ottoman–Safavid War (1578–1590) turned the Ottomans' attention away from Europe. The conflict between the Ottomans and the Persians led...

Patras was a military engagement between the Venetian army and the Ottomans. The Ottomans emerged victorious, defeating two Venetian armies in Patras. In...

commander and now found himself opposing the Ottomans. Radu, at the age of 22, became a leading figure at the Ottoman court. In 1461, Mehmed II began preparing...

himself prepared an anti-Ottoman raid in 1487 but had to change the plans and sent his forces to fight Tatars, allied with the Ottomans. On September 8, 1487...

expansion of the Ottoman Empire in the Balkans made the Ottomans a determining factor in Moreote politics. Already in 1387, the Ottoman general Evrenos...

and the Ottoman Empire (1453–1922). It was instrumental in the advancement of Christianity during Roman and Byzantine times, before the Ottomans conquered...

with the Ottomans by following a scorched-earth policy". Finally, Stephen faced the Ottomans in battle. The Moldavians luring the main Ottoman forces into...

The Chemins de Fer Ottomans d'Anatolie (Turkish: Osmanlı Anadolu Demiryolları, English: Anatolian Railway), founded on 4 October 1888, was a railway company...

Ottomans employed both infantry and artillery at the same time to assault and bombard Castelnuovo, resulting in heavy casualties among the Ottomans themselves...

of the Ottoman Empire, or Ottoman Divan poetry, is little known outside modern Turkey, which forms the heartland of what was once the Ottoman Empire....

Burhaneddin mocked the Ottomans by using the term Kayıkçı "Boatman" instead of Kayı as the name of the Ottoman ruling house. The Ottomans tried to prove their...

where he was killed by the Ottomans. At this battle, Sarmiento offered a fierce resistance, inflicting heavy losses on the Ottomans, who outnumbered his troops...

aggression, in particular that of the Ottomans." The Sharif indicated that he could not break with the Ottomans immediately, and it did not happen till...

by salary rather than looting or fiefs. The Ottomans began using guns in the late 14th century. The Ottoman Empire was the first of the three Islamic Gunpowder...

the region and destroyed any support that the Ottomans had with the Kuwaiti people. Finally, the Ottomans also had growing anxiety over possible encroachment...

"independence" had been a puppet regime, and the Ottomans had played little role in the Crimean revolts. The Ottomans went on to recognise the loss of Crimea and...

most famously for his victory over the Ottoman Empire at the Battle of Vienna in 1683. The defeated Ottomans named Sobieski the "Lion of Lechistan",...

among others, Romans, Byzantines, Umayyads, Seljuks, Ayyubids, Mamluks and Ottomans. Various types of 13th and 14th centuries constructions, such as caravanserais...

20th century, the Ottoman Empire had a reputation as the "sick man of Europe" after a century of slow relative decline. The Ottomans were weakened by political...

Ottoman Empire and the Republic of Venice Treaty of Constantinople (1479), between the Ottoman Empire and the Republic of Venice, ended the Ottoman–Venetian...

Croatian land which was undertaken by the Ottomans especially during the 16th century. The expansion of the Ottoman Empire in Europe was stopped in the Battle...

Serbs in Banat rose up against the Ottomans in 1594, using the portrait of Saint Sava on their war flags, the Ottomans retaliated by incinerating the relics...

conquests, the Ottomans also were interested in the region because of the hajj. Having conquered the former Muslim defenders of the hajj, the Ottomans, being...

Safavid ruler Shah Abbas I promised to send the Ottomans 200 pack-loads of silk each year. In 1616, the Ottomans used the Safavids' failure to deliver the silk...

Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. p. 355....

the Ottomans back and relieve pressure on Croatian lands, but Leopold decided to conclude the unfavorable Vasvar peace treaty with the Ottomans because...

ceding control of the entire Morea coast to the Ottoman Empire. Defeat in another war with the Ottomans cost Venice the Aegean colonies of Nafplion and...

Constantinople in 1453 marking the Ottomans' attempts to expand further into Europe. Led by Sultan Mehmed II, the Ottoman forces sought to capture the strategic...

straits and arquebuses were used in combat by the Ottomans at the second battle of Kosovo in 1448. Ottomans also made some use of Wagon Fortresses which they...

the Ottoman Empire and defeated it, in the process stripping the Ottomans of their European provinces, leaving only Eastern Thrace under Ottoman control...

hoping that the Ottomans would enter the war to support them but the government in Istanbul was undecided. The Germanophile Ottoman War Minister, Enver...

the Capture of Tabriz (1514) was a phase in the Ottoman–Persian War of 1505–1517. The Ottomans, Having inflicted a heavy defeat on the Safavid army under...

against the Ottoman Empire until his death in 1468, and then Lekë III Dukagjini led the army and resisted the Ottomans until 1479 when the Ottomans captured...

military help from the Ottomans. In 1545 Ali Abu Hassun, the Wattasid ruler in northern Morocco, recognised the full authority of the Ottoman sultan, sent a letter...

liberal reforms, constitutional government, and ideas promoted by the Young Ottomans, whereas Abdul Aziz ruled in a more authoritarian manner and resisted constitutional...

crossed the Timiș River to scout for the presence of the Ottoman army. There was no sign of the Ottomans, but the hussars came across a group of Romanians,...

contact with the Ottomans on the morning of 6 January 5.6 km (3+1⁄2 mi) east of Sheikh Sa'ad. British efforts to defeat the Ottomans were unsuccessful...

administrative units fluctuated, reflecting the changing strategies of the Ottomans, the emergence of new threats in the region, and the rise of powerful ayans...

defeat for the Ottomans, but the Iranians were unable to take advantage of their success. A second counterattack was organized by the Ottoman Wali (governor)...

vizier reorganised and reinvigorated the Ottoman Army, the success ended. Belgrade was recaptured by the Ottomans in 1690 and the following year's campaign...

the Sunnism of the Mamluks and Ottomans. Tensions along this frontier encouraged al-Ghuri to rely more on the Ottomans for aid, a policy that the Venetians...

Wallachia to convince Vlad to join a crusade against the Ottomans in 1441. After Hunyadi routed an Ottoman army in Transylvania, the sultan ordered Vlad to come...

declining borders. After a few years of peace, the Ottoman Empire attacked the Habsburg Empire again. The Ottomans almost captured Vienna, but the King of Poland...

assassinated by the Ottomans in 1557 by order of Hasan Pasha, son of Barbarossa, as he was preparing for an alliance with Spain against the Ottomans. One of his...

from 1535 to 1536, starting a long list of Ottoman governors of Baghdad. Over the next few decades, the Ottomans solidified their control over the region...

To compensate, the Ottomans returned some of the conquered lands, including Ihtiman and Samokov. Between 1371 and 1373 the Ottomans emerged as a considerable...

with the Ottomans. When al-Mansur al-Qasim died in 1620, his son al-Mu'ayyad Muhammad succeeded him and reconfirmed the truce with the Ottomans. In 1627...

required to convert to Islam as long as they obeyed their Ottoman commanders. The Ottomans began using guns in the late 14th century. Following that,...

challenged by the Alam al-Dins and other Ottoman-backed Druze from the start. Qurqumaz was killed by the Ottomans in 1662. Ahmad defeated the Alam al-Dins...

Frontier of the Habsburg monarchy (today Novi Sad, Vojvodina, Serbia). The Ottomans attempted to capture Petrovaradin, the so-called Gibraltar on the Danube...

The AKP have used slogans such as Osmanlı torunu ("descendant of the Ottomans") to refer to their supporters and also their leader Recep Tayyip Erdoğan...

the Romanians, who were also supported by the Ottomans. In the second half of September, the Ottomans entered southern Transylvania by crossing the Temesköz...

raise another equal force to the Ottoman army. Different parts of Kosovo were ruled directly or indirectly by the Ottomans in this early period. The medieval...

to Ottoman control. In August 1543, the Ottomans succeeded in the Siege of Esztergom. Another peace agreement between the Habsburgs and the Ottomans lasted...

cavalry. The Ottomans killed 100 of the enemy, and the Saudis retreated back but regrouped and repulsed the Ottomans, with losses on the Ottoman side. The...

troops on the right bank of the Prut, across the river from the Ottomans. On 19 July, Ottoman janissaries and Tatar light cavalry crossed the Prut, by swimming...

1526. He died during the Battle of Mohács fighting the Ottomans, whose victory led to the Ottoman annexation of large parts of Hungary. At his premature...

the Middle Ages to expel the Ottomans from southeastern Europe. Although Hungary was able to successfully defy the Ottomans despite the defeat at Kosovo...

The territorial evolution of the Ottoman Empire spans seven centuries. The origins of the Ottomans can be traced back to the late 11th century when a...

railways operate or operated in Anatolia, Turkey and in former lands of the Ottoman Empire. Adana Metro Ankara Metro Antray Bursaray EsTram Samsun Tram İETT...

did not support his stance of siding with the Ottomans. Vlad Dracul signed a treaty with the Ottomans, which required him to pay the usual annual tribute...

strength to fight the Ottomans in Bosnia. Earlier, Austrian forces had gone to great lengths and still barely managed to resist the Ottomans in Hungary. In 1596...

several defeats from the Ottomans. In 1362, the Ottoman Turks conquered Adrianople (now Edirne, Turkey), which became the Ottoman capital. At this point...

1917, Chrysantos tried to broker a peace between the Russians and the Ottomans, to no avail. During the Russian Revolution of 1917, Russian soldiers in...

join the Ottoman Empire, his homeland and Spain's main rival. For this, he had to relinquish his title of Sultan of Algiers to the Ottomans. He did this...

tribute to the Ottomans. This autonomous Crete was to be governed by a Christian governor, appointed for five years, without the Ottomans having the right...

refugees into Bihać from nearby places that were conquered by the Ottomans. In 1584, the Ottomans suffered a heavy defeat in the Battle of Slunj against the...

the name of the Ottomans, he acted with considerable autonomy and developed close ties with European powers in defiance of the Ottoman imperial government...

defeat on the Ottomans, with casualties according to Venetian and Polish records reaching beyond 40,000, 50,000 or even 100,000 on the Ottoman side. Mara...

arriving just in time to contribute to the success. It is rumored that the Ottomans suffered 40,000 casualties in the battle, prompting the remaining forces...

Albania to join the armed movements against the Ottomans. Gjon Kastrioti II, who had been fighting the Ottomans in Otranto, sailed to Albania in four Neapolitan...

After the Ottoman conquest of Syria in 1516, the Ottomans attempted to revive the area by granting military benefices (timar) to Ottoman cavalry soldiers...

Battle of Chaldiran in 1514. Gazi Qiran would spy for the Ottomans and was approached by the Ottomans on how to conquer Iran. Around 1534, Emirate of Biradost...

a peace treaty in 1538, he again allied himself with the Ottomans in 1542 in a Franco-Ottoman alliance. In 1543, Charles allied himself with Henry VIII...

himself from Algiers, and so he resumed paying the tribute to the Ottomans. The Ottoman–Safavid War had begun shortly before the death of Ahmed's father...

the two main fortresses in the Budjak, to the Ottomans in 1484, and in 1498 he had to accept Ottoman suzerainty, when he was forced to agree to continue...

promised crusade against the Ottomans, signified that none of Skanderbeg's victories permanently hindered the Ottomans from invading the Western Balkans...

scouts that the Ottomans were trying to attack the king's camp by outflanking Hunyadi. This forced Hunyadi to stand against the Ottomans, who outnumbered...

Austrians stationed in Craiova and the Ottomans who attacked them. The Austrians withdrew but were attacked by the Ottomans, inflicting heavy losses on the retreating...

Cross, Aghtamar, stating that it could have shown Christian audiences the Ottomans' relative religious tolerance. The city of Istanbul is called as such in...

address this weakness. The Ottomans dominated the Black Sea, giving it the advantage of shorter supply lines. The Ottomans were also able to levy troops...

systematic Ottoman influence in the North Caucasus. During this period, the Ottomans promoted Islam among the Circassians, successfully converting mainly the...

Sultan. If the Ottomans refused to negotiate, Loredan was authorized to fight. In the event, Loredan's fleet was attacked by the Ottomans off Gallipoli...

expedition was launched by the Ottomans against the Kingdom of Naples, which was under the crown of Spain. The Ottomans, led by Barbarossa, ravaged the...

started a very fierce fight. The Ottomans were repulsed. The Cossacks rushed up behind the Ottomans into the Ottoman camp and returned at dusk with rich...

ceded the previous capital of Tabriz to the Ottomans. Finally, Shah Abbas had to give as hostage to the Ottomans one of the possible successors to the Safavid...

their own revolt against Ottoman rule, Mehmed came into the Morea in May 1460. Demetrios ended up a prisoner of the Ottomans, and his younger brother...

(1645–1669). The Ottomans besieged the Venetian-held city of Chania, and after 56 days of siege, the Ottomans captured the city. The Ottoman armada set sail...

Osman Bey and son Tuzcuoğlu Tahir led many more uprisings Against the Ottomans. Although it is said that the Tuzcuoğlu family came from Konya, Turkish...

"Franks", especially of Venetians, as late as the Ottoman conquest. They were gradually captured by the Ottomans in the 14th to 17th centuries. The Ionian Islands...

and did not fight the Ottomans. After this rebellion was suppressed by the Ottomans, Arianiti again revolted against the Ottomans in the region of central...

Sivas from the Ottomans, parts of Syria from the Mamluks, and next directed his forces towards Anatolia. Meanwhile, in 1402, the Ottomans had been campaigning...

became parts of the Ottoman Empire, while south Iraq fell voluntarily to Ottoman suzerainty, forming the start of Ottoman Iraq. Ottomans annexed most of West...

Ottomans. Due to their conviction that help would arrive, and being unable to pay, the two despots had not paid their annual tribute to the Ottomans for...

he took the throne in 1687. Shortly before he assumed the throne, the Ottomans suffered a major defeat at the second Battle of Mohács in 1687. In 1688...

the Ottomans in 1557 by order of Hasan Pasha, son of Hayreddin Barbarossa, as Mohammed was preparing for an alliance with Spain against the Ottomans. Some...

Isthmus of Corinth in 1446. At the siege of Constantinople in 1453, the Ottomans used anywhere from 12 to 62 cannons, built at foundries that employed Turkish...

The Ottomans were aware of the fortune Bouboulina had inherited from her husband and were seeking a premise to seize it in 1816. The Ottomans argued...

also demands the return of 24 Hungarian cities that were captured by the Ottomans. On May 29, the ambassadors arrived in the Turkish capital. The Turks did...

1474. However, the Ottomans besieged Shkodra again in 1478, with Mehmed II coming personally to lead that siege. After the Ottomans failed to take Shkodra...

the Ottomans. The Ottoman Sultan Mahmud I initiated the Ottoman-Iranian War (1743–1746), in which Muhammad Shah closely cooperated with the Ottomans until...

the Ottoman Pasha in Tihama to pacify the country. Yemeni merchants knew that the return of the Ottomans would improve their trade, for the Ottomans would...

1912 Bulgaria, Serbia, Greece, and Montenegro declared war on the Ottomans. The Ottomans quickly lost territory. According to Geert-Hinrich Ahrens, "the...

a bold plan to seize the city, which was back then known as Prusa. The Ottomans had not captured a city before; the lack of expertise and adequate siege...

influenced by the balance of power between the Ottomans and the neighboring Christian states. However, most Ottoman subjects in Eastern Europe remained Orthodox...

Republic and the Ottoman Empire. In 1898 Crete, whose people had for some time wanted to join the Greek state, achieved autonomy under the Ottomans, formally...

allowed the Ottomans under Grand vizier Köprülü Fazıl Mustafa Pasha to regroup their army and retake the initiative. In 1690, the Ottomans recaptured Niš...

Kemal (ed.). Osmanoğulları'nın Tarihi [Aşıkpaşazade's History of the Ottomans] (in Turkish). K Kitaplığı. pp. 228–229. ISBN 975-296-043-X. "SEMENDİRE"...

the Ottomans, who were fortified and armed with artillery in contrast to the mobile irregular Arab force. This would prove detrimental as the Ottomans reinforced...

were disgruntled with Ottoman rule, and in the 17th century, repeatedly rebelled, which culminated in the defeat of the Ottomans in the Great Turkish War...

decided to join the Venetians in their war against the Ottomans, Prince Eugene of Savoy warned the Ottomans to abide by the Treaty of Karlowitz and return the...

Because he plotted against the Ottomans, they dismissed him and put him in prison in April 1441. In May 1441 the Ottomans blinded Grgur and his brother...

The capture of Giurgiu was a military siege undertaken by the Ottomans between 27 and 29 May 1771 against the city of Giurgiu, occupied by the Russians...

to defeat the Ottomans in a decisive battle, continue the war on Ottoman territory until its final conclusion, and expel the Ottomans from Europe. They...

the Ottomans, but both the Serbian Orthodox and Roman Catholic churches and their congregations suffered from high levels of taxation. The Ottomans appeared...

in the region before being crushed by the Ottoman army. The relics of Saint Sava were burnt by the Ottomans as a retaliation. Although short-lived, it...

was the Ottoman Empire. By the 14th century, the Ottomans had adopted gunpowder artillery. The adoption of the gunpowder weapons by the Ottomans was so...

and demanded that the Ottomans cede all their annexed territories. Ashraf also claimed himself as the Sunni caliph. The Ottomans saw this as a diplomatic...

000 troops. On 22 August 1543 the Ottomans laid siege to the castle from three directions. On September 2 the Ottomans started a general attack against...

There were also assaults on Ottoman garrisons: in the Hejaz; at Tell Shahm using British armoured cars; and on retreating Ottomans and Germans near the village...

raiding activity of Cossacks against Crimean and Ottoman lands saw a sharp rise. Zaporozhians saw Ottomans as a massive threat, which sought to destroy them...

allies against the invasions of the Ottomans, as well as maintaining at least semi-friendly relations with the Ottomans themselves. In 1442, Hungarian hero...

of Shamakhi in 9-12 November 1578. Shamakhi had been conquered by the Ottomans at the onset of the war by the mid-autumn of 1578, together with the region...

the Ottomans since the signature of the 1503 Peace Treaty by Andrea Gritti after the Ottoman–Venetian War, continued to secure peace with the Ottomans, and...

forts in the way of Ottoman raids towards Bihać which would also eventually fall in 1592. The first siege (in 1509) by 2,000 Ottomans was beaten back, as...

Ottomans attacked in great force but were repulsed with aid of the fire from the ships. The Italians lost several field guns. At Derna, the Ottomans and...

The Ottoman Party (Turkish: Osmanlı Partisi) is a neo-Ottomanist political party founded by İbrahim Ünye operating in Turkey. Its emblem is the Arabic...

unless they were of value to the Ottomans. Pre-1804, Ottoman installations were to be reoccupied and garrisoned by Ottoman troops. In return, the Porte promised...

Shkodra then became a seat of the newly established Ottoman sanjak, the Sanjak of Scutari. The Ottomans held the city until Montenegro captured it in April...

and sought terms from the Ottomans; after decades of fighting and days of negotiations, Candia was surrendered to the Ottomans on September 5th 1669, and...

the Ottoman Empire. The Ottomans used Pylos and its bay as a naval base, and built the New Navarino fortress there. The area remained under Ottoman control...

the Ottomans, as they hurled army after army against the fortress. No troops would come from the Hungarian king, as they were defeated by the Ottomans at...

rebellions and uprisings against the Ottomans in Europe. Montenegro and Serbia agreed to declare a war on the Ottomans on 18 June 1876. The Montenegrins...

interests in Bosnia and Herzegovina, asked the Ottomans to give the ringleaders amnesty. The Ottomans agreed to enter discussions with Austria. The preparations...

advantage; if the Ottomans were to accept Kuwait's autonomous status and proposed boundaries, the British would have to accept Ottoman suzerainty, and in...

The Last Ottoman: Knockout Ali (Turkish: Son Osmanlı Yandım Ali) is a 2007 Turkish action film, directed by Mustafa Şevki Doğan based on the book by Suat...

negotiations to send aid, the Ottomans struck before an agreement could be concluded. The capital of the despotate, Arta, fell to the Ottomans on 24 March 1449, whereafter...

Suraiya (2016). A Cultural History of the Ottomans. Bloomsbury. p. 185. ISBN 9780857727824. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ottoman (fabric)....

Wallachian, Ottoman, and Crimean deployments. The battle resulted in a major victory for the coalition army. In the year 1484, the Ottomans had conquered...

declared war on the Ottomans. In the ensuing Greco-Turkish War of 1897 the badly trained and equipped Greek army was defeated by the Ottomans. Through the intervention...

on the pursuing Ottomans forced them back over the river, ending the battle as Michael would retreat during the night. The Ottomans suffered much heavier...

paid to the Ottomans by various Balkan states as a result of the Treaty of Berlin. The indemnities were of little comfort to the Ottomans anyway, because...

Pleven again, but Ottoman troops managed to repulse the assault. After this second engagement, the Russians lost 10.000 men, while Ottomans lost 2,000. After...

Novigrad in 1515, the Ottomans attacked Jajce in vain several times, respecting the growing importance of the city. To relieve the Ottoman pressure, ban Petar...

cavalry troops. Ottomans were too busy with war against Safavid Iran to be able to organise a large force for recapture of Azov. In 1639, Ottomans finished their...

1453, the Ottoman Empire besieged and captured Constantinople; by 1460, the Ottomans had completed their conquest of the Morea. The Ottomans remained nominal...

the Ottomans), and the cessation of tribute payments by the commonwealth. The commonwealth never again had a military conflict with the Ottomans. Venice...

in the spring of 1918, in an incident where Ottoman and German forces clashed in the area. The Ottomans won the race to Baku when the Army of Islam arrived...

the Mamluks against the Ottomans from 1488 until 1491, shipping wheat and offering a fleet of 50 caravels against the Ottomans. In 1487, the Nasrids of...

the Russian navy, reoccupied Jaffa and dislodged the Ottomans from Beirut. By 1774, the Ottomans' supreme army chief in Syria, Uthman Pasha al-Wakil,...

north-western Persia between the Safavid and Ottoman empires and resulted in a decisive Safavid victory. The Ottomans were fooled into an ambush by the Iranian...

United States. The Ottomans then tried to compel the alliance to surrender but the Ottomans were not persuasive enough. The Ottomans then fought the Kurdish...

1873, the Ottomans succeeded in conquering the northern highlands. Sanaa became the administrative capital of Yemen Vilayet. The Ottomans learned from...

incursions into the Ottoman Empire were common throughout the early 17th century, disrupting the security of the Black Sea and forcing the Ottomans to consider...

the Ottoman Sultanate under Bayezid I and the Karamanids in 1397 or 1398. After the battle, which resulted in a decisive victory for the Ottomans, the...

flaw in the tactic as it meant that the Ottomans had nowhere to run if routed. The French attacked the Ottoman positions and quickly broke through the...

officers handed an ultimatum to the local Ottoman commander, requesting his surrender within three hours. As the Ottomans rejected the ultimatum, at 15:12 the...

Sana'a around 1596–97 by the Ottoman governor of Yemen, Hasan Pasha. The mosque fell into disrepair after the Ottomans were driven out of Yemen in 1626...

The Ottoman campaign into Transylvania in 1438 was a military engagement between the Ottoman raiders and the Hungarians. The Ottomans were victorious...

Neuhäusel, occurred in 1663 when Grand Vizier Fazil Ahmed Pasha, who led the Ottomans, invaded Habsburg Hungary and captured the Hungarian fortress at Érsekújvár...

Byzantine Empire to the Serbs and then the Ottomans. Constantinople fell to the Ottomans in 1453 and by 1460, the Ottoman conquest of mainland Greece was complete...

towards the Ottomans. However, this didn't prevent further conflicts from occurring with the Ottomans in the coming decade. Although the Ottomans abandoned...

the first Umayyad caliph. The Ottomans: Europe's Muslim Emperors (BBC, 2013) on the Ottoman Empire. Rise of Empires: Ottoman (Netflix, 2020) Al Hilal (India...

second longest reigning sultan in Ottoman history after Suleiman the Magnificent and it was under his reign, Ottomans saw the greatest expansion in Europe...

it amassed, over 10,000 Polish troops took part in the war against the Ottomans and on the side of Russia in the Tsarist Army. It was disbanded in November...

the Ottomans as early as the battle of Varna in 1444, when some Armenians were seen amongst the Christian forces. Late on November 9, a large Ottoman army...

vassalage of Petro Doroshenko, Ottoman rule extended into Podolia and Right-bank Ukraine. This event would lead the Ottomans into the Russo-Turkish War (1676–1681)...

Diyarbakır to Aleppo, and who fought alongside Muhammad Ali against the Ottomans and their allies from the Shammar tribe in Jazira. Despite the failure...

Although originally an Asiatic state, the Ottoman Empire received firearms from Europe.[citation needed] The Ottomans first encountered firearms in the Balkans...

aid against the Ottomans, and personally visited several foreign courts to plead his cause. These efforts failed, although an Ottoman civil war and Byzantine...

garrison of Esztergom and the Ottoman army led by the grand vizier Lala Mehmed Pasha. The town was captured by the Ottomans. One of the Habsburg's greatest...

The Jews of the Ottoman Empire, New Jersey, (1994) J. Hacker, Ottoman policies towards the Jews and Jewish attitudes towards Ottomans during the Fifteenth...

an Ottoman fleet led Pasha Kara-Muhammad for this purpose,. Sultan wanted to punish the Zaporozhians for their sabotage actions against Ottomans during...

şemâili’l-osmâniyye, "Human Physiognomy Concerning the Personal Dispositions of the Ottomans", TSMK H.1563) is a 1579 manuscript created by Seyyid Lokman Ashuri, its...

Ottoman tents were fabric architectural structures used by the Ottoman Empire. They were versatile structures that could be transported and erected anywhere...

as "Turks" and Muslims from other places as "Ottomans," and that Bosnian Muslims would not call an Ottoman a Turk or consider him a brother. He also mentioned...

a Catholic pilgrimage site. The Ottomans built the first fort on the site. After the Spaniards defeated the Ottomans in the sixteenth Century, they rebuilt...

were non-Muslim Ottomans of Greek, Armenian, Jewish and Arab Christian background. The bottom of the hierarchy was mostly Muslim Ottomans performing services...

in 1528, he fled to Poland, later aligning with the Ottomans, leading Hungary to become an Ottoman vassal state. John was the oldest son of Count Stephen...

conservatism in Islam prevented the Ottomans from adopting European military innovations, it is now known that the Ottomans were receptive to foreign techniques...

between France and the Ottoman Empire as part of the Franco-Ottoman alliance, in which the Ottomans would attack Charles V's territories southern Italy under...

suffer the same fate, Andronikos III sought to pay off the Ottomans with tribute — the Ottomans did not stop at this and seized Nicomedia as well in 1337...

Thessaloniki, captured by the Ottomans in 1387, to Byzantine rule. There was peace between the Palaiologans and the Ottomans until 1421, when Mehmed I died...

Persia. Most of Suleiman's campaigns were directed to the west. In 1521 the Ottomans captured Belgrade, which had been besieged unsuccessfully by Mehmed the...

Similarly, after saving Serbia from annihilation at the Ottoman' hands in 1876, Russia forced the Ottomans to accept a full independence and expanded Serbia...

brother Jovan Uglješa led 70,000 men against the Ottomans. Despite having smaller numbers, the Ottomans managed to kill Vukašin and his brother and win...

Bonaparte and the Ottomans and Mameluks competing for power there, he managed collectively with his Albanian troops to become the Ottoman viceroy in Egypt...

Ulcinj and Berat, the Ottomans remained in Kastoria. However some sources state that after capturing Berat from Teodor II, the Ottomans stayed there to use...

As the relations were deteriorating with the Ottomans and strained with the Sunni Kurds, the Ottomans exploited from these tensions and used religious...

Constantinople and the Ottomans surrendered. Russia's nationalist diplomats and generals persuaded Alexander II to force the Ottomans to sign the Treaty of...

importance and occupied this key role among the Christians of the Ottoman Empire because the Ottomans did not legally distinguish between nationality and religion...

conquered by the Ottoman Empire on 29 May 1453. Mehmed II intended to complete his father's mission and conquer Constantinople for the Ottomans. In 1452 he...

an expeditionary force of the Ottomans and a Serbian army that also included crusaders sent by the Pope. The Ottomans destroyed the Serbian army, which...

conquest of Adrianople (or Edirne) by the Ottomans occurred sometime in the 1360s, and eventually became the Ottoman capital afterwards, until the Fall of...

afternoon of 5 August. The Central Powers force of Austrians, Germans and Ottomans, led by Kress von Kressenstein, sought to stop the British Empire reclaiming...

Food in Ottoman and Danubian Europe. Netherlands: Brill. ISBN 9789004367548. Faroqhi, Suraiya (24 May 2016). A Cultural History of the Ottomans: The Imperial...

As the Bosnian Eyalet expanded northwards during the Croatian–Ottoman wars, the Ottomans reached the Una and Sava rivers and came into direct contact with...

the Ottomans, reminding locals of the empire's cruelty. During the dismantling, the remaining skulls were removed from the tower. After the Ottomans withdrew...

part of both the Ottoman–Habsburg wars and the Ottoman Venetian War of 1537-1547. It ended with the Holy League defeated by the Ottomans despite its enormous...

Ottoman miniature (Turkish: Osmanlı minyatürü) is a style of illustration found in Ottoman manuscripts, often depicting portraits or historic events. Its...

the Ottomans from resupplying their forces in the Aegean Sea. The orders were the same as for the previous year - remain at anchor until the Ottoman fleet...

by the Ottomans. The term originates from Hajdú County of the Kingdom of Hungary. By the 17th century they were firmly established in the Ottoman Balkans...

Reinkowski, Maurus (2015). "Introduction". World War I and the End of the Ottomans: From the Balkan Wars to the Armenian Genocide. Bloomsbury Publishing....

booty of 60,000 ducats, having helped force the Ottomans to abort a possible conquest of Hungary. The Ottomans attempted to recover Coron the following year...

temporary capital — to the Ottomans, while his brother, Ivan Stratsimir, still held Vidin but had been reduced to an Ottoman vassal. In the eyes of the...

"The Ottoman Network of Fortresses in Hungary". Ottomans, Hungarians, and Habsburgs in Central Europe: The Military Confines in the Era of Ottoman Conquest...

(Louis the Turk) for his victories against the Ottomans. In the vigorous battle that followed, the Ottomans suffered heavily. 20,000 men, including the grand...

compete with the more modern army of the Ottoman Empire, leading to their eventual conquest in 1517 by the Ottomans. From 1250, Egypt had been ruled by the...

fleets for operations against the Ottomans. More importantly, the Austrians decided to enter the war against the Ottomans. In April, Prince Eugene of Savoy...

interpreted as a "gift" to the Ottomans, while the Ottomans considered it a "tribute". In 1587 Uluç died and a change in the Ottoman administration in Algiers...

In 1911, when the Ottomans were in charge, they made Hasan ibn Ali ibn A'id, a descendant of A'id ibn Mari (who fought the Ottomans earlier), governor...

the Ottomans after they received complaints from Qataris regarding his oppressions from 1885 to 1886. In a further blow to relations, the Ottomans supported...

part of his campaign against the Ottomans. The French invasion caused popular riots in Damascus, prompting the Ottomans to replace Abdullah Pasha as Wali...

the Austrian and Ottoman armies on Macedonian territory. The battle ended in a convincing victory for the Habsburg monarchy. The Ottomans were completely...

Thessaloniki became a centre of Ottoman administration in the Balkans. While most of Macedonia was ruled by the Ottomans, in Mount Athos the monastic community...

independence took place throughout the Ottoman era. Throughout the 17th century, there was great resistance to the Ottomans in the Morea and elsewhere, as evidenced...

fighting with the Ottomans during which Schulenburg and the local Corfiote garrison distinguished themselves in battle, the Ottomans finally abandoned...

Ottoman genocide may refer to several topics: Any of the campaigns perpetrated mainly by the Committee of Union and Progress, who ruled the Ottoman Empire...

saw the Ottomans routed from the field, followed by a series of subsequent blockades and pursuits until the final destruction of the Ottoman army. The...

part of Croatia within the same monarchy from the Ottomans. Vitezović served in the Habsburg-Ottoman wars around the time of writing and likely experienced...

as the retreating Ottomans complained of the devastating Russian firepower as if it was striking like lightning. The routing Ottomans went through a detachment...

prince saw himself forced to decide in favor of the Ottomans or risk becoming an enemy of his Ottoman suzerain, and swiftly returned the gifts he had received...

revolutionary reform in Republican Turkey. While World War I ended for the Ottomans with the Armistice of Mudros, the Allies continued occupying land per the...

captured to prevent an Ottoman buildup of troops and munitions, and the British must secure the dams around Baghdad so that the Ottomans could not break them...

Chunuk Bair. By 5:00 am, the Ottomans counter-attacked the Wellingtonians. The slope of the hill was so steep that the Ottomans could get within 22 yards...

Ottomans. Another was Sokollu Mehmed Paşa, a Bosnian Serb who became a Grand Vizier, served three sultans, and was the de facto ruler of the Ottoman Empire...

Ahmed I (1603–1617). During that war, the Ottomans managed to take Sisak. On 24 August 1593, the Ottomans took advantage of the absence of a large army...

Russia and the Ottomans soured. The next year, Joseph II and Catherine II met in Crimea for the second time, which prompted the Ottomans to declare war...

the Ottoman Empire. By forcing military defeats and territorial losses onto the Empire, the League shifted the balance of power away from the Ottomans, leading...

Despot Jovan Uglješa who sought to halt the Ottomans' westward advance. The battle ended in a decisive Ottoman victory in which both Serbian commanders were...

The Austro-Hungarian ambassador, Johann von Pallavicini, convinced the Ottomans to accept a border rectification, but Bulgaria initially refused to consider...

Inkerman. In 1453, an Ottoman fleet arrived in Crimea and attempted to seize the Genoese colonies. Giray allied himself with the Ottomans, providing 7,000...

Morocco in 1554, then gave the peñón to the Ottoman troops who had assisted him in gaining the throne. The Ottomans used Vélez de la Gomera as a base for corsairs...

almost everything had been destroyed when the Ottomans conquered the region in 1361. For this reason, the Ottomans brought Turkish settlers from within of Asia...

importance as the cradle of Islam and was a source of legitimacy for the Ottomans' rule. Subsidies provided by the state and zakat were the main source of...

with the Ottomans, Gjon begged the Venetians to provide him with a safe conduct if the Ottomans attacked him. In April 1430, after the Ottomans captured...

territories in Greece were conquered during the 1463–1479 Ottoman-Venetian War. By 1474 the Ottomans had conquered their Anatolian rival, the Karamanids, and...

Karabelas, 2012, Ottoman fortifications in Preveza in 1702, pp. 48-49. The Ottomans: Comprehensive and detailed online chronology of Ottoman history in English...

quickly drew the ire of the Ottomans, who assembled another massive army in order to dislodge the Knights from Malta. The Ottomans invaded Malta in 1565, undertaking...

campaign was a military expedition by the Ottoman Sultan Bayezid II against the Principality of Moldavia. The Ottomans managed to conquer the fortress of Chilia...

Ottomans, who had built trenches around the fort; however, the troops refused to move. Having lost confidence, which created a sign to the Ottomans that...

on the Ottoman Empire on 5 November 1914, and the Ottomans responded with their own declaration on 11 November. From the beginning, the Ottomans had planned...

across Ottoman Balkan and Hungarian territories in order to attack and besiege Vienna. The siege of Vienna in 1683 ended in disaster for the Ottomans as their...

the Ottomans, which caused its detonation during the siege in 1686. The original Christian Hungarian population did not feel secure during the Ottoman conquest...

capturing merchant ships and their crews and goods from these states. When the Ottomans could not prevent these attacks, European powers negotiated directly with...

trench. The Serbian knight was jumping on horseback to the Ottomans' side, killing Ottomans for four days from the beginning of the battle. Rakan, following...

large-calibre artillery, Basilic, for the siege of Constantinople by the Ottomans in 1453. Orban was Hungarian, according to most modern authors, while some...

domination. He refused to double the amount of tribute paid to the Ottomans and defeated the Ottomans at the Battle of Jiliște, but the Moldovan army was defeated...

captured the city of Beyşehir, which had been an Ottoman city. However, it did not take much time for the Ottomans to react and march on Konya, the Karamanoğlu...

Cossacks sending an insulting reply to an ultimatum from the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, Mehmed IV.[citation needed] According to the story, the Zaporozhian...

this time, Ottoman army broke into Hungary. On 13 November 1594, Aaron the Tyrant switched sides and joined the Cossacks, defeating Ottomans at Iași and...

Left-bank. Despite the victory, Ottoman army suffered heavy losses and was forced to abandon their plans of capturing Kiev. Ottomans have also lost two of their...

scholars from for example Persia travelled to the Ottomans in order to share their knowledge, Ottomans travelled as well to receive education from scholars...

city fell to the Ottomans, ending the Roman Empire after 1500 years of continuous existence. By the early 15th century, the Ottomans had become the region's...

Portuguese and Zimba forces under the command of Tomé Coutinho against the Ottomans. The Portuguese would reconquer the city and capture Mir Ali Beg. At the...

fought alongside the Ottomans to quash the incursion. In early 1804, following a massacre of Serb chieftains by renegade Ottoman janissaries known as...

of the Ottoman Dynasty in the Late Ottoman State." Middle Eastern Studies, vol. 50, no. 1, Jan. 2014, pp. 61–73. Kafadar, Cemal. "The Ottomans and Europe...

Ottomans at odds with their ally, Germany, which had been hoping to purchase Caucasus oil from the Bolshevik government in Moscow, while the Ottomans...

Republic of Venice and the Ottoman Empire. The Venetians were forced to hand over Scutari (which had been besieged by the Ottomans for many months) in Albania...

historians argue that the Ottomans merely leveled the ground so they could haul ships between the two rivers. In the end, the Ottomans retreated from the area...

the Ottoman fleet spent the war in port. This was in part due to the rising tensions in the Balkans that presaged the Balkan Wars; the Ottomans kept...

Byzantium"). Non-Ottoman Muslims in the classical period called the Ottomans Rumis because of the Byzantine legacy that was inherited by the Ottoman Empire. In...

increasingly threatened by the Ottomans. King Stephen had the unanimous support of his noblemen in resistance to the Ottomans, but not of the common people...

reinstate the 1876 constitution and restore the Ottoman parliament, which was celebrated by Ottomans of all ethnicities and religions. Security improved...

Ottomans. Krujë managed to withstand the siege laid on it by Ballaban Badera, sanjakbey of the Sanjak of Ohrid, an Albanian brought up in the Ottoman...

naval engagement between the Ottoman fleet and the Austrians, who were returning from Pančevo, in the Danbue. The Ottomans won the battle and captured...

Empire of Trebizond, until its eventual conquest by the Ottoman Turks in 1461, a year after the Ottomans conquered the area of Europe which is now the Greek...

the Ottomans. In 1625, Hafız Ahmed Pasha, serving as the Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire, led an expedition to retake Baghdad and reclaim Ottoman territory...

and was offered joint-command with İsa Bey over a second Ottoman invasion force. The Ottomans arrived in late May 1457 and marched through the Mat River...

the Ottomans in the mid-16th century until its partial destruction during World War I. The story spans about four centuries and covers the Ottoman and...

during the capture of Rožaje from Ottomans he was appointed as governor of towns Plav and Gusinje captured from Ottomans by Montenegrin army. In 1914 Cemović...

recover the cities of Buda and Pest in 1542 from the Ottoman Empire. They had been occupied by the Ottomans under Suleiman since the siege of Buda (1541). The...

of Egypt, the Zamorin of Calicut, with support of the Ottoman Empire. Since 1517, the Ottomans had attempted to combine forces with Gujarat in order to...

ensure his fidelity to the Ottomans. He secretly allied himself with Kingdom of Hungary against them. During the Ottoman wars in Europe, he was able...

Bulgarian–Ottoman wars.The Bulgarian defenders,led by Yanuka,repulsed the Ottomans–led by Lala Shahin Pasha– in the first siege.However,the Ottomans would...

the Cretan War when the Ottomans launched a campaign to conquer the city of Rethymno in Crete from the Venetians. The Ottomans captured the city in the...

by the Ottoman authorities and Janissaries and were eager to form alliances with Christian states in order to liberate themselves. The Ottomans declared...

so the Ottomans contacted Vickers to order two new battleships. Douglas Gamble, who had previously served as a naval adviser to the Ottoman government...

Moldavia and the Ottoman Empire for which there is a historical account occurred during the reign of Alexandru cel Bun, in 1420, when the Ottomans tried to capture...

began with the promulgation of the Ottoman constitution, written by members of the Young Ottomans. The Young Ottomans were dissatisfied by the Tanzimat...

Ottomans. However, soon thereafter, he withdrew the offer again — officially, because Friedmann's attempt near Aqaba had already enraged the Ottomans...

expedition was a complete disaster as the Ottomans defeated the Zaydis in the city. However, after the war, the Ottomans didn't return to Yemen for two centuries...

by which the Ottomans retained their conquests from the Venetians, but lost Banat. During the course of the Persian war the Ottomans made successive...

revolted against the Ottomans only after attempts to secure hereditary control of the Hijaz through negotiation with the Ottoman government failed, accusing...

Thus the first period of Ottoman rule in Yemen was at an end. Al-Mu'ayyad Muhammad spent most of his reign fighting the Ottomans, as well as bringing a...

October 1, the pursuing Ottomans caught up with the rear guard, who was just busy moving the train stuck in a defilement. The Ottomans attacked the rearguard...

of Croatia and the Ottoman Empire in Novigrad, Zadar County. The Croatians, led by Petar Berislavić, were defeated by the Ottomans. Petar Berislavić was...

eventually conquered by the Ottomans in 1478 after being besieged for over a year. This success was viewed by the Ottomans as a good omen that the siege...

Pro-Ottoman and Anti-Ottoman factions. Simko visited the Russian consulate in Urmia again in 1911 and visited Russia in 1912. Simko attacked the Ottomans...

formed an alliance with the Ottomans against Kingdom of Prussia. After the unsuccessful Austrian invasion, the Ottomans accepted Western diplomatic practices...

damage. The Ottomans assaulted the fort three times but were repulsed with heavy casualties. The Saudis bravely defended the fort and the Ottomans fired 5...

a crusade against the Ottomans. The sale was conditional on Charles, who Andreas hoped to use as a champion against the Ottomans, conquering the Morea...

the Ottomans, Zamoyski supported them, viewing those plans as a good long-term strategy for the Commonwealth. Any policy that was against the Ottomans was...

between the Ottomans and Venetians in 1645. Although the war was fought over Crete, during its early stages there were fears of an Ottoman attack on Malta...

with little bloodshed to the Ottoman army. However, Habsburg Austria, an ally of Venice, also declared war against the Ottomans. In 1716, Ali Pasha moved...

The Ottoman 29th and 30th Divisions managed to stop this assault. The X Corps counter-attacked the Russian forces. On the southern front, the Ottomans were...

(2010). Islamic Gunpowder Empires: Ottomans, Safavids, and Mughals. p. 66. Marinos Sariyannis (2018). A History of Ottoman Political Thought Up to the Early...

the Empire as "Ottomans," with the Sultan being titled "Padishah and Sovereign of all Ottomans," rather than "of the Turks." The Ottoman Constitution of...

witnessing the destruction of their frigate the Ottomans suspended any further actions for a short while. The Ottomans would renew their assault and through the...

change of leadership was far from a solution to the war with the Ottomans, in fact, the Ottoman Empire gradually expanded in the 16th century to include most...

Ottomans differentiated him from the other rulers on the Balkans like the Serbian despot Stephan Lazarevic who became a loyal vassal to the Ottomans and...

bank on the Una River and were bombarded by the Ottomans with heavy fire. Around midday, the Ottomans were increasing in numbers and were able to surround...

his territories from the Ottomans in 1395, Gjergj II Balsha realised that he would not be able to resist any further Ottoman advances. As such, Gjergj...

in 1499. He is primarily known for his victories against the Ottomans during the Ottoman–Mamluk War (1485–1491) and for founding the Azbakiya district...

including the capital city of Smederevo fell for the first time to the Ottomans, but after a couple of years of occupation restored freedom and independence...

treaty with the Ottomans in 1417, after Mehmed I took control of Turnu Măgurele and Giurgiu. The two ports remained part of the Ottoman state, with brief...

rather than changes across the Ottoman Empire. Banditry was on the rise by the end of the 16th century. The Ottomans were unable to militarily respond...

Russian Empire and migrated to Ottoman territories, establishing the Danube Sich. Major battles between the Ottomans and the Russians were fought near...

Ali was forced to deal with regional conflicts at the request of the Ottomans, particularly against the rebel governor Osman Pazvantoğlu who had begun...

Ottomans were convinced to exchange Yerevan for the lifting of the blockade on October 13, 1735. Emboldened by the disastrous defeats of the Ottomans...

Turks, and Ottomans oppressing their faith. Lišnjić was the first to introduce secular clergy to Bosnia Eyalet after it fell to the Ottomans in the 15th...

called for Muslims to support the Ottomans in Entente-controlled areas and for jihad against "all enemies of the Ottoman Empire, except the Central Powers"...

fortresses and regions of Albania were divided between Venice and the Ottomans. The Albanian resistance forces were destroyed and the rebellion collapsed...

archrivals the Ottomans, choosing instead to cede territory, often using scorched earth tactics in the process. The goal of the Ottomans in the 1534 and...

"stremma", derived from the verb for "turning" the ground with a plough. The Ottoman stremma or Turkish stremma, is the Greek (and occasionally English) name...

that the intended destination of the Ottoman fleet was Toulon. The Grand Master reportedly believed that the Ottomans were going to rendezvous with the French...

When World War I broke out, al-Askari first fought on the side of the Ottomans and the Triple Alliance in Libya. His campaign started in the Dardanelles...

suppressed by the Ottomans by June 1771. The first attempts of the nascent Russian Empire, under Tsar Peter the Great, to expand south to Ottoman-ruled territories...

the Ottomans into it. Sigismund, in 1415, launched two counter-offensives in Bosnia, while the first, earlier that year, failed to oust the Ottomans, and...

mission to the Ottomans, which had been established in 1912 under Admiral Arthur Limpus, was recalled as it appeared that the Ottomans would soon enter...

Ottoman military deficiencies in the face of new European weapons and tactics." In 1603, Abbas I recaptured Tabriz and Nakhchivan from the Ottomans,...

and sent to an Istanbul prison. The Moldavian-Ottoman Wars began in the early 15th century, the Ottomans regularly tried to capture it, and even when Moldavians...

Anatolia, as opposed to western Anatolia, where early Ottoman architecture developed. The Ottomans also did not continue the Seljuk tradition of constructing...

The fifth Ottoman–Venetian War broke out when the Ottoman Navy arrived off Crete on 23 June 1645. By August, Canea fell to the Ottomans, while the Fortezza...

would arrange a meeting between the Ottomans and Marco Barbarigo, the ruler of Krujë. In return for aiding the Ottomans in their conquest of Shkodër, Dhimitër...

commercial hub. Throughout Venetian rule, the Ottoman Empire frequently raided Cyprus. In 1539 the Ottomans destroyed Limassol and so fearing the worst...

defended the Fortress of Klis against Ottoman invasion. He died in 1537 trying to break yet another siege by the Ottomans. After his death, the Klis defenders...

Ottomans gained the western part of Meskheti after the Peace of Amasya treaty, whilst the Safavids took the eastern part. Then in 1578 the Ottomans attacked...

conquest of Bosnia by the Ottomans brought significant administrative, economic, social and cultural changes to the country. The Ottomans however, allowed for...

expansion by the Ottomans and to the surprise of many defeated them. The diplomatic outcome however was very much reconciliatory as the Ottomans promised recognition...

and western Iran to the Ottomans. The Ottomans began to treat their control of Tabriz seriously from that point on. The Ottoman historian Evliya Çelebi...

was Andrija Zmajević. In 1571, The Ottomans expelled the Orthodox and Catholic population. In 1878, The Ottomans ceded Antivari to Montenegro at the...

The Ottomans: Comprehensive and detailed online chronology of Ottoman history in English. Comprehensive and detailed online chronology of Ottoman history[link...

Catholic states against the Ottoman Empire Holy League (1571), an alliance of major Catholic maritime states which defeated the Ottomans in the Battle of Lepanto...

contested lands in the Aegean Sea, the Ionian Sea, and the Adriatic Sea. The Ottomans, under the command of Admiral Kemal Reis, were victorious and forced the...

Habsburg hands. Belgrade was wrested from the Ottoman Empire after the 1688 siege, but already in 1690 the Ottomans recaptured the city. Prince Eugene was seriously...

fourteenth century subsequently saw the early Ottomans begin raiding Greece, and by the fifteenth century, the Ottomans were conquering portions of the peninsula...

at the end of the century. The Great Mosque was restored again by the Ottomans roughly 300 years later. Severely damaged after British bombardment during...

d'état attempt 1897 Ottoman Syria plot 1903 Ottoman coup d'état attempt 1908: Young Turk Revolution 1909: 31 March Incident 1912 Ottoman coup d'état 23 January...

Earlier, as a military commander, he had led the conquest of Rhodes from the Ottomans in 1912. Cottini, Luca (Spring 2021). "The Italian Occupation in the Dodecanese...

Habsburgs; however, despite initial success achieved by the Habsburgs, the Ottomans later thwarted the Habsburg attempt to capture the town. After the siege...

Habsburg–Ottoman War or Ottoman–Habsburg War may refer to: Habsburg–Ottoman wars in Hungary (1526–1568) Habsburg–Ottoman war of 1529–1533 Habsburg–Ottoman war...

rebellion against the Ottoman Empire. In June 1481, he supported forces of Ivan Crnojević to successfully recapture Zeta from the Ottomans. He was unable to...

the Ottomans, loaded with spoils, decided to leave the blockade at the end of September, and return to Constantinople. With the help of the Ottomans, the...

taken to Ottoman Egypt as a prisoner for the second time in 1838. The Ottomans installed Khalid bin Saud, who had spent many years in the Ottomans–Egyptian...

Superb was an ironclad battleship designed by Sir Edward Reed for the Ottoman Navy, and was built in Britain by Thames Ironworks under the name of Hamidieh...

reversed his earlier opposition to the Ottomans and accepted Ottoman overlordship, ceding the town of Debarwa to the Ottomans in exchange for military support...

the Franco-Ottoman alliance. It involved the fleet commanded by Ottoman admiral Hayreddin Barbarossa. Francis offered to let the Ottomans winter at Toulon...