ARTIKELDIGITAL.COM

century until 1870, the pope was the sovereign or head of state of the Papal States, and since 1929 of the much smaller Vatican City State. From a Catholic...

The Papal States (/ˈpeɪpəl/ PAY-pəl), officially the State of the Church, were a conglomeration of territories on the Italian Peninsula under the direct...

A papal bull is a type of public decree, letters patent, or charter issued by the pope of the Catholic Church. It is named after the leaden seal (bulla)...

The papal apartments is the non-official designation for the collection of apartments, which are private, state, and religious, that wrap around a courtyard...

Saint Paul.[citation needed] By virtue of the doctrines of Petrine and papal primacy, it is the focal point of full communion for Catholics around the...

Papal infallibility is a dogma of the Catholic Church which states that, in virtue of the promise of Jesus to Peter, the pope when he speaks ex cathedra...

Papal inauguration is a liturgical service of the Catholic Church within Mass celebrated in the Roman Rite but with elements of Byzantine Rite for the...

The Papal Mint is the pope's institute for the production of hard cash. Papal Mint also refers to the buildings in Avignon, Rome, and elsewhere that used...

Papal travel outside Rome has been historically rare, and voluntary travel of the pope was non-existent for the first 500 years of the Papacy. Pope John...

The papal tiara is a crown that was worn by popes of the Catholic Church from as early as the 8th century to the mid–20th century. It was last used by...

Civic nobility in the Papal States’ March of Ancona is the hereditary urban patriciate that dominated municipal governments across many centres of the...

The papal nobility are the aristocracy of the Holy See, composed of persons holding titles bestowed by the Pope in his capacity as the head of state of...

Papal heraldry may refer to: Papal coats of arms Coat of arms of the Holy See Coat of arms of Vatican City This disambiguation page lists articles associated...

A papal name or pontifical name is the regnal name taken by a pope. Both the head of the Catholic Church, usually known as the pope, and the pope of the...

Latin America. After accepting his election, he took the name Leo XIV. The papal election process proper began sixteen days after the 21 April 2025 death...

Ferula Pastoral staff The papal ferula (/ˈfɛrələ/; Latin ferula, 'rod') is the pastoral staff used in the Catholic Church by the pope. It is a rod with...

Papal jurisdiction may refer to: Papal supremacy, the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the pope Temporal power of the Holy See, the political jurisdiction...

Papal cross The papal cross is a Christian cross that serves as an emblem for the office of the Pope in ecclesiastical heraldry. It is depicted as a staff...

Papal Cross or papal cross may refer to: Papal cross, a vertical bar with three crossbars, as of a symbol of the papacy Papal ferula, a rod with crossbar...

The Papal Zouaves (Italian: Zuavi Pontifici) were an infantry battalion (later regiment) dedicated to defending the Papal States. Named after the French...

visitors per year. Churches designated as papal basilicas, in particular, possess a papal throne and a papal high altar, at which no one may celebrate...

Papal arms may refer to: Coat of arms of the Holy See (the coat of arms of the papacy) Papal coats of arms (personal coats of arms of individual popes)...

The Pontifical Swiss Guard, also known as the Papal Swiss Guard or simply Swiss Guard, is an armed force, guard of honour, and protective security unit...

A papal gentleman, formally a Gentleman of His Holiness, is a lay attendant of the pope and his papal household in Vatican City. Papal gentlemen serve...

Papal supremacy is the dogma of the Catholic Church that the pope has full, supreme, immediate and universal power and authority over the whole church...

convoking the First Vatican Council in 1868, which defined the dogma of papal infallibility before taking a break in the summer of 1870. The council never...

1443 – 21 February 1513) was head of the Catholic Church and leader of the Papal States from 1503 to his death, in February 1513. Nicknamed the Warrior Pope...

A papal coronation was the formal ceremony of the placing of the papal tiara on a newly elected pope. The first recorded papal coronation was of Pope Nicholas...

A papal document is any official written instrument issued by the Pope of the Catholic Church. The term may refer to several distinct forms, which differ...

The papal shoes are the red leather outdoor shoes worn by the Pope. They are distinct from the indoor papal slippers or the episcopal sandals, which are...

Papal regalia and insignia are the official items of attire and decoration proper to the Pope in his capacity as the visible head of the Catholic Church...

A papal legate or apostolic legate (from the ancient Roman title legatus) is a personal representative of the Pope to foreign nations, to some other part...

allocution in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. In the Roman Catholic Church, a papal allocution (from the Latin allocutio, a commander's battle speech to his...

A papal renunciation (Latin: renuntiatio), also called a papal abdication, occurs when the current pope of the Catholic Church voluntarily resigns his...

defunct or currently dormant, while some are still actively conferred. Papal orders of knighthood or Pontifical orders of knighthood are orders of knighthood...

The papal household or pontifical household (usually not capitalized in the media and other nonofficial use, Latin: Pontificalis Domus), called until...

Each title has been added by unique historical events, and unlike other papal prerogatives, may be modified. Hermannus Contractus may have been the first...

"Papal donation" refers to two sets of papal bulls by which Pope Nicholas V, in 1454, and Pope Alexander VI, in 1493, purported to give the Catholic monarchs...

The Papal Navy (Italian: Marina Pontificia, "Pontifical Navy"; Latin: Classis Pontificiae) was the maritime force of the Papal States. Loosely constituted...

The Papal Basilica of Saint Mary the Great (Italian pronunciation: [ˈsanta maˈriːa madˈdʒoːre]), also informally known as the Basilica of Saint Mary Major...

An apostolic nuncio (Latin: nuntius apostolicus; also known as a papal nuncio or simply as a nuncio) is an ecclesiastical diplomat whose rank is equal...

 1431 – 18 August 1503) was head of the Catholic Church and leader of the Papal States from 11 August 1492 until his death in 1503. Born into the prominent...

The Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran (officially the Major Papal, Patriarchal and Roman Archbasilica, Metropolitan and Primatial Cathedral of the Most...

A Papal Mass is the Solemn Pontifical High Mass celebrated by the Pope. It is celebrated on such occasions as a papal coronation, an ex cathedra pronouncement...

the vacancy occurs. With the pope, cardinals collectively participate in papal consistories, in which matters of importance to the Church are considered...

Philip IV of France, the papacy had, since 1309, resided in Avignon, a papal enclave surrounded by France. Initiated by Pope Clement V, the Avignon Papacy...

thereafter, Gregory XVI appointed Pecci as Papal legate (provincial administrator) to Benevento, the smallest Papal province, with a population of about 20...

Papal Arbitration was a form of international arbitration used between warring Catholic states where the Pope tried to mediate and bring both sides to...

Buenos Aires. After accepting his election, he took the name Francis. The papal election process began soon after the resignation of Pope Benedict XVI on...

Italy, which spoke of it as a creation, not as a vestige of the much larger Papal States (756–1870), which had previously encompassed much of Central Italy...

The Papal slippers (Italian: pantofole papali) are a historical accoutrement worn by the Pope. The papal slippers were a form of episcopal sandals worn...

spiritual and pastoral activity, while the pope ruled the Papal States in central Italy. The Papal States ceased to exist following the capture of Rome in...

There are many papal pronouncements against Freemasonry: the most prominent include: 1738 (1738): Clement XII, In eminenti apostolatus. 1751 (1751): Benedict...

The papal election that followed the death of Pope Clement IV lasted from 1 December 1268 to 1 September 1271 and was the longest in the history of the...

The Papal Seminary in Pune, India, is a Catholic educational institute whose primary function is training priests. The seminary trains students from three...

of Savoy entered Rome on 20 September 1870, overthrew the pope and the Papal States, and took over the Quirinal Palace. The black nobility also included...

1717 – 29 August 1799) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 15 February 1775 to his death in August 1799. Pius VI condemned...

the popes' claims to temporal power solidified into the Papal States. The practice of papal appointment during this period would later result in the...

The titles of the Bishop of Rome, more often referred to as the papal titles, refer to the various titles used by protocol, as a form of addressing or...

Papal income tax was first levied in 1199 by Pope Innocent III, originally requiring all Catholic clergy to pay one-fortieth of their ecclesiastical income...

cardinal from the Roman Curia to become pope since Pius XII in 1939. The papal election process began soon after the death of Pope John Paul II on 2 April...

consolidated its territorial claims to a portion of the peninsula known as the Papal States. Thereafter, the role of neighboring sovereigns was replaced by powerful...

following is a list of flags used in Vatican City and for its predecessor, the Papal States. Flag of Vatican City Coat of arms of Vatican City History of Christian...

This is an incomplete list of papal bulls, listed by the year in which each was issued. The decrees of some papal bulls were often tied to the circumstances...

1187 papal election may refer to: October 1187 papal election, which elected Gregory VIII to succeed Urban III December 1187 papal election, which elected...

The papal majordomo or chief steward of the household of the pope is one of the three (formerly four) palatine prelates (prelati palatini), as discussed...

The Papal Basilica of Saint Peter in the Vatican (Italian: Basilica Papale di San Pietro in Vaticano), or simply St. Peter's Basilica (Latin: Basilica...

1475 – 1 December 1521) was head of the Catholic Church and leader of the Papal States from 9 March 1513 to his death in December 1521. Born into the prominent...

Mariological papal documents have been a major force that has shaped Catholic Mariology over the centuries. Mariology is developed by theologians on the...

Gambling on papal elections has a long history, with betting on 16th-century papal conclaves being among the first documented examples of gambling on election...

Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 6 August 1623 to his death, in July 1644. As pope, he expanded the papal territory by force of arms and...

Papal diplomatics is the scholarly and critical study (diplomatics) of the authentic documents of the papacy, largely to distinguish them from spurious...

of Papal Liturgical Celebrations is also responsible for the Papal Sacristy and the Chapels of the Apostolic Palace. The current Master of Papal Liturgical...

Corinthians, in whose community there was grave dissension. Only a few papal letters of the first three Christian centuries have been preserved in whole...

1276 papal conclave or 1276 papal election may refer to: January 1276 papal conclave, which elected Innocent V to succeed Gregory X July 1276 papal conclave...

Fourth Crusade, amidst theological and political disputes, especially over papal authority. Earlier schisms occurred with the Church of the East after the...

Papal rescripts are responses of the pope or a Congregation of the Roman Curia, in writing, to queries or petitions of individuals. Some rescripts concern...

1605 papal conclave may refer to: March–April 1605 papal conclave, which elected Leo XI to succeed Clement VIII May 1605 papal conclave, which elected...

notaries) in the papal court formed a regency council to govern during sede vacante periods. It was the obligation of the Camerarius (papal chamberlain),...

1268–1271. The process was further refined by Gregory XV with his 1621 papal bull Aeterni Patris Filius, which established the requirement of a two-thirds...

solemn form of legislation issued by the Pope. It is one of several types of papal bull that can be issued from the Vatican. This high-level document normally...

1590 papal conclave may refer to: September 1590 papal conclave, which elected Urban VII to succeed Sixtus V October–December 1590 papal conclave, which...

Papal coats of arms are the personal coat of arms of popes of the Catholic Church. These have been a tradition since the Late Middle Ages, and has displayed...

Papal visits to the United States have been made by four popes between 1965 and 2015. There have been a total of 10 trips which included visits to 23...

Jus exclusivae (Latin for "right of exclusion"; sometimes called the papal veto) was the right claimed by several Catholic monarchs of Europe to veto...

The lira was the currency of the Papal States between 1866 and 1870. It was subdivided into 20 soldi, each of 5 centesimi. In 1866 Pope Pius IX, whose...

Papal regesta are the copies, generally entered in special registry volumes, of the papal letters and official documents that are kept in the papal archives...

Papal Household (Prefettura della Casa Pontificia) is the office in charge of the Papal Household, a section of the Roman Curia containing the Papal Chapel...

pope's preferences. Mercedes-Benz has been the most frequent provider of papal vehicles since it provided the Vatican with its first automobile in 1930...

"Unused or Unseen Papal Vesture and Vestments". New Liturgical Movement. Tribe, Shawn (October 21, 2012). "The Return of the Papal Fanon". New Liturgical...

aristocratic families who supported the Popes in the governance of the Papal States. According to their own family legend, the Orsini are descended from...

Papal Jews, Pope's Jews (French: Juifs du pape, Occitan: Jueus del Pap, Hebrew: יהודי האפיפיור, romanized: Yehudei Ha'Apifyor or Hebrew: בני גולה, romanized: Bnei...

and white, with the white half charged with the emblem of the Holy See (a papal tiara and the crossed keys of Saint Peter). It was adopted in 1929, the...

The origins of the papal tiara remain somewhat nebulous and clouded in mystery, first appearing in the Early Middle Ages, but developing a recognizable...

The 1292–94 papal election (from 5 April 1292 to 5 July 1294), was the last papal election which did not take the form of a papal conclave (in which the...

Papal elections since 1276 have taken the form of conclaves, which are elections that follow a set of rules and procedures developed in In nomine Domini...

a Papal Brief. To restore the Order to its ancient glory and splendour, he limited the number of Commanders to 150 and knights to 300 (for the Papal States...

1503 papal conclave may refer to: September 1503 papal conclave, which elected Pius III to succeed Alexander VI October 1503 papal conclave, which elected...

Assistant to the Papal Throne (Lat. Stator proximus a Solio Pontificis maximi) was a hereditary title of nobility available in the Papal Court from the...

ruler of the Papal States from 19 March 1227 until his death in 1241. He is known for issuing the Decretales and instituting the Papal Inquisition, in...

The Papal Chase is a 2004 Canadian micro-budget feature-length guerrilla-style mockumentary directed by Kenny Hotz of Kenny vs. Spenny fame, and written...

camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church (pl. Camerlenghi) is an office of the papal household that administers the property and revenues of the Holy See. Formerly...

Roman Catholic Church over certain doctrines, primarily concerned with papal authority and infallibility. Some of these groups, especially in the Netherlands...

Paul VI in 1970 and John Paul II in 1981 and 1995, officially the first papal visit in the 21st century and 3rd millennium after the title was originally...

of papal elections Papal appointment Papal primacy Papal conclave 2025 papal conclave 2013 papal conclave 2005 papal conclave Papal coronation Papal historian...

blocked in part by the Papal States, which ran through the middle of the Italian peninsula and included the ancient capital Rome. The Papal States were able...

Bishop of Rome and the leader of the Catholic Church. Approximately 100 papal tombs are at least partially extant, representing fewer than half of the...

Papal visits to Brazil have been made by three popes—John Paul II, Benedict XVI, and Francis. The first trip was taken in 1980 and the most recent was...

town was ceded back to the Papal States. In 1820, the so-called Republic of Pontecorvo seceded from the Papal States, but papal rule was restored in March...

Cervini degli Spannocchi, was head of the Catholic Church and leader of the Papal States from 10 April 1555 to his death, 22 days later. Marcellus succeeded...

September 1765 – 1 June 1846) was head of the Catholic Church and leader of the Papal States from 2 February 1831 to his death in June 1846. He had adopted the...

sometimes, but only rarely, expressed in the solemn form of an ex cathedra papal declaration, "when, in the exercise of his office as shepherd and teacher...

both men have a claim on the papacy. Benevacantism List of papal elections Papal conclave Papal selection before 1059 Sedevacantism Pretender "Antipope"...

The Preacher of the Papal Household, also known as the Apostolic Preacher, is an office in the Roman Curia. This individual provides meditation to the...

The papal tiara is the crown worn by popes of the Catholic Church for centuries, until 1978 when Pope John Paul I declined a coronation, opting instead...

A papal election on 26 September 1143 followed the death of Innocent II and resulted in the election of Celestine II as the new pope of the Roman Catholic...

first encyclical. For the modern Catholic Church, a papal encyclical is a specific category of papal document, a kind of pastoral letter concerning Catholic...

 1230 – 11 October 1303) was head of the Catholic Church and leader of the Papal States from 24 December 1294 until his death in 1303. The Caetani family...

bishop of Rome, is known as "the Holy See" or "the Apostolic See", claiming papal supremacy. The Eastern Orthodox Church views all bishops as sacramentally...

A papal brief or breve (from the Latin "breve", meaning "short") is a formal document emanating from the pope. The introduction of briefs, which occurred...

List of papal tombs may refer to: List of extant papal tombs List of non-extant papal tombs This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the...

The 1145 papal election followed the death of Pope Lucius II and resulted in the election of Pope Eugene III, the first pope of the Order of Cistercians...

The Papal Palace of Castel Gandolfo, or the Apostolic Palace of Castel Gandolfo from its Italian name Palazzo Apostolico di Castel Gandolfo, is a 135-acre...

Benedict XVI broke with tradition and replaced the papal tiara even on his papal coat of arms with a papal mitre (containing still the three levels of 'crowns'...

the Papal States from 16 December 955 to his death in 964. He was related to the counts of Tusculum, a powerful Roman family which had dominated papal politics...

danger to public peace and order" within the Papal States and were also suspected of heresy. Four papal documents – of Clement XII (1738), Benedict XIV...

incorporated into the Papal States whenever the vassalage lapsed, and that no new enfeoffment take place. Turning a state into a papal fief was a clever political...

The Piedmontese invasion of the Papal States (1860), also known as the Campaign in the Marche and Umbria, was a military conflict that took place between...

countries. The Order of Saint Gregory the Great is the most recognizable of the papal awards and the most frequently granted to lay persons based on their merits...

apostles, promulgating multiple papal bulls to enforce his views. This led William of Ockham to write against unlimited papal power. Following a three-year...

accepting the resignation of the remaining papal claimants and by electing Pope Martin V. It was the last papal election to take place outside of the Italian...

A papal judge delegate was a type of judicial appointment created during the 12th century by the medieval papacy where the pope would designate a local...

The 1073 papal election (held 22 April 1073) saw the election of Hildebrand of Sovana (who took the papal name Gregory VII) as successor to Pope Alexander...

Avignon Papacy (1309–1377) until Pope Innocent XII's anti-nepotism bull (a papal charter) Romanum decet pontificem (1692), a pope without a cardinal-nephew...

revolutionaries. As a liberal and aware of the political pressures within the Papal States, Pope Pius IX's first act of a general amnesty for political prisoners...

On 9 February 1849, the Roman Republic took over the government of the Papal States. In the following July, an intervention by French troops restored...

The 1144 papal election followed the death of Pope Celestine II and resulted in the election of Pope Lucius II. Pope Celestine II died on 8 March 1144...

The 1277 papal election (May 30 – November 25), convened in Viterbo after the death of Pope John XXI, was the smallest papal election since the expansion...

1761 – 30 November 1830) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 31 March 1829 to his death in November 1830. His brief papacy...

Between the Congress of Vienna (1815) and the capture of Rome (1870), the Papal State was subdivided geographically into 17 apostolic delegations (delegazioni...

and ruler of the Papal States from 17 August 1740 to his death on 3 May 1758. Perhaps one of the best scholars to sit on the papal throne, yet often...

Giovanni Battista Pamphili), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 15 September 1644 to his death, in January 1655. Born in Rome...

The papal conclave of 2025 was convened to elect a pope, the leader of the Catholic Church, to succeed Francis following his death on 21 April 2025. In...

and ruler of the Papal States from 12 July 1730 to his death in February 1740. Clement presided over the growth of a surplus in the papal finances. He thus...

1555 papal conclave may refer to: April 1555 conclave, which elected Marcellus II to succeed Julius III May 1555 conclave, which elected Paul IV to succeed...

A papal election was held on 24 January 1118 to choose the successor for Paschal II, who died in Rome on 21 January after an 18-year pontificate. Gelasius...

Ravenna and the papacy. The later had a special role as responsalis at the papal court during the papacy of Gregory I. According to the Catholic Encyclopedia...

Blessed Virgin Mary under the title of Our Lady of Confidence, while his papal encyclical Ad diem illum took on a sense of renewal that was reflected in...

 1100 – 1 September 1159) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 4 December 1154 until his death in 1159. He is the only pope...

Seigneur de Chambon, thanks to his wife's dowry, and, with the benefit of his papal brother's influence on King Philip VI, became Vicomte de Beaufort. Roger...

Acclamation was formerly one of the methods of papal election. The method of electing the Roman Pontiff is contained in the constitutions of Gregory XV...

himself or delegate the authority to a papal count palatine or another poet laureate. For example, the papal laureate Johannes Rhagius paid 100 florins...

Papal visit to the United Kingdom may refer to: Pope John Paul II's visit to the United Kingdom, 1982 Pope Benedict XVI's visit to the United Kingdom...

and statesman of the Papal States. A protege of Pope Pius IX, de Mérode became known for his humane reform of prisons in the Papal States, for his public...

1978 until his death 33 days later. His reign is among the shortest in papal history, giving rise to the first year of three popes since 1605. John Paul...

of Donation, also called the Alexandrine Bulls, and the Papal donations of 1493, are three papal bulls of Pope Alexander VI delivered in 1493 which granted...

The 1280–81 papal election (September 22 – February 22) elected Simon de Brion, who took the name Pope Martin IV, as the successor to Pope Nicholas III...

titles in the Catholic Church. It designated prelates belonging to the Papal Chapel, who stood near the throne of the Pope at solemn functions. They...

around 1184, including the Episcopal Inquisition (1184–1230s) and later the Papal Inquisition (1230s). The Medieval Inquisition was established in response...

Papal primacy, also known as the primacy of the bishop of Rome, is an ecclesiological doctrine in the Catholic Church concerning the respect and authority...

Got, died 20 April 1314) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 1305 until his death. He is remembered for suppressing the order...

The Papal Representative to Vietnam is an official of the diplomatic service of the Holy See responsible for articulating and defending the interests...

Palace of the Pope, Papal Palace, Popes Palace, is the residence of a pope, and may refer to: Apostolic Palace, Vatican City State – the pope's residence...

thereafter by a papal legate, generally belonging to high ecclesiastical hierarchy. Following the annexation of the duchy by the Papal States, the rich...

Primacy in the Roman pontiffs, the definition of the papal primacy as a papal supremacy, and Papal infallibility – infallible teaching authority (magisterium)...

the Papal States from December 983 until his death. Upon the death of Pope Benedict VII in July 983, Emperor Otto II nominated Canepanova to the papal throne...

explicative authority, notably the extremely rarely used procedure required for a papal declaration to be 'infallible' under Catholic canon law. In several languages...

Papal appointment was a medieval method of selecting the Pope. Popes have always been selected by a council of Church fathers; however, Papal selection...

the purity of the Papal silver coins from 900/1000 to 835/1000. With the annexation of the Papal States to Italy in 1870, the Papal lira was replaced...

began in the 11th century. In fact, the Roman quest for autonomy outside papal authority has as its earliest references the prominent presence of laici...

Praedicate evangelium it was named the Office of Papal Charities. The origin of the office of papal almoner goes back to the first centuries of the church...

The Vatican City State, formed in 1929, is the heir of the Papal States, which ceased to exist in 1870. Unlike those, the Vatican does not have a military...

Avignon and in 1348 Pope Clement VI bought the town from Joanna I of Naples. Papal control persisted until 1791 when during the French Revolution it became...

as forces of the Kingdom of Italy took control of the city and of the Papal States. After a plebiscite held on 2 October 1870, Rome was officially made...

simply states to refer to the law's Annex B. Flag of Vatican City Papal coats of arms Papal regalia and insignia Vatican City and Holy See passports Coat...

1478 – 25 September 1534) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 19 November 1523 to his death on 25 September 1534. Deemed "the...

The 1099 papal election following the death of Pope Urban II took place on 13 August 1099. Before his death, Urban had designated Cardinal Raniero di...

Giovanni Battista Castagna, was head of the Catholic Church, and leader of the Papal States from 15 to 27 September 1590. His papacy is the shortest recognized...

Papal Bull (foaled 29 March 2003) is a British Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. Although he never won a Group 1 race he was rated at his peak as one of...

known as Siege of Rome (1849) was a conflict between the Roman Republic and Papal States of Pope Pius IX supported by the French, Spanish, Austrians, Sardinia...

Nunciatures (papal representations at embassy level) to Bahrain, to Qatar, and to Kuwait are all vested in the Apostolic Nunciature to Kuwait. The papal diplomacy...

the Papal States from 1 September 1271 to his death and was a member of the Third Order of St. Francis. He was elected at the conclusion of a papal election...

is ceremonially raised, only the first eight bars are played. While the Papal Anthem also serves as the national anthem of the Holy See and the Vatican...

The 1285 papal election, convened in Viterbo after the death of Pope Martin IV, elected Cardinal Giacomo Savelli, who took the name Honorius IV. Because...

Pope Formosus (c. 816 – 4 April 896) was the pope and ruler of the Papal States from 6 October 891 until his death on 4 April 896. His reign as Pope was...

to the throne upon his father's death in 1509, marrying Catherine with a papal dispensation. He was described as an attractive, educated, and accomplished...

In Old St. Peter's Basilica, the papal tombs were the final resting places of the popes, most of which dated from the 5th to 16th centuries. The majority...

from 2013 to 2026. He served as Papal Master of Ceremonies from 1998 to 2013. In 2013, Krajewski was appointed as Papal Almoner to coordinate the charitable...

Responsibility over the Papal Sacristy and Chapels of the Apostolic Palace Responsibility over the Sistine Chapel Choir Celebration of Papal consistories Liturgical...

subscribed the papal bulls as Cardinal-Prest between 28 December 1143 and 6 May 1149, and participated in the papal election, 1144 and papal election, 1145...

The September 1276 papal election is the only papal election to be the third election held in the same year; after Pope Gregory X died, two successors...

The 1181 papal election followed the death of Pope Alexander III and resulted in the election of Pope Lucius III. This was the first papal election celebrated...

born Oddone Colonna, was the head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 11 November 1417 to his death in February 1431. His election...

under the command of General Napoleon Bonaparte invaded Italy, defeated the Papal Army, and occupied Ancona and Loreto. Pope Pius VI sued for peace, which...

founded the Papal Carabinieri Corps, for the service of the Papal States. In 1849, under Pope Pius IX, it was renamed, first as the Papal Velites Regiment...

1383 – 23 February 1447) was head of the Catholic Church and leader of the Papal States from 11 March 1431 to his death in February 1447. Condulmer was a...

This is a list of the prime ministers of the Papal States. Officially, the prime minister was recognized as the Minister of the Interior (Italian: Ministro...

16 July 1216) was the head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Papal States from 8 January 1198 until his death in 1216. Pope Innocent was one...

by stamping a different papal seal onto lead which was attached to the document. Such documents were historically called papal bulls, named after the stamped...

native of Rome, served very briefly as the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States in April of 896. He was elected as a result of riots soon after the...

subscribed a papal document for Pope Paschal II at the papal residence in Trastevere. Cardinal Gregorius was one of the participants in the papal election...

The 1241 papal election (21 September to 25 October) saw the election of Cardinal Goffredo Castiglioni as Pope Celestine IV. The election took place during...

The Apostolic Chancery (Latin: Cancellaria Apostolica; also known as the "Papal" or "Roman Chanc(ell)ery") was a dicastery of the Roman Curia at the service...

on 31 January 1659 and imprisoned in the Papal prison at Tor di Nona, where she was interrogated by the Papal authorities under lieutenant governor Stefano...

Massimo is one of the great aristocratic families of Rome, member of the Papal nobility since the 16th century and elevated to princely rank in 1826. The...

Albert von Behaim or Albertus Bohemus (ca. 1180 – 1260) was a papal legate and supporter of papal rights against the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II. Likely...

is one of the symbols used by the pope to authenticate documents such as papal bulls. It is a cross inscribed in two concentric circles. Pope Leo IX was...

John XXIII was the last to use full papal ceremony, much of which was abolished subsequently after Vatican II. His papal coronation ran for the traditional...

The 1294 papal conclave (23–24 December) was convoked in Naples after the resignation of Pope Celestine V on 13 December 1294. Celestine V had only months...

results of their investigation with the cardinal electors of the March 2013 papal conclave, and the dossier itself was to have been given to Benedict's successor...

both "an important moment in the papal–Carolingian alliance" and an "important step" in the formation of the Papal States. With the fall of Ravenna,...

is normally used by clergy who have received one of the three classes of papal honors: Protonotary apostolic (the highest class) Honorary prelate Chaplain...

fought for its entire duration, were France, the Holy Roman Empire, the Papal States, and the Republic of Venice; they were joined at various times by...

choir sang the hymn Veni Creator Spiritus. Monsignor Virgilio Noè, the papal master of ceremonies, gave the traditional command of Extra omnes ("Everybody...

Papale di San Lorenzo fuori le mura (Papal Basilica of Saint Lawrence outside the Walls) is a Roman Catholic papal minor basilica and parish church, located...

ceremonial throne carried on shoulders, along with several other symbols of papal authority, but was eventually convinced that it was necessary to make him...

The 1153 papal election followed the death of Pope Eugene III and resulted in the election of Pope Anastasius IV. Pope Eugenius III died on 8 July 1153...

papal decretal of Pope Boniface VIII issued in 1298, that required the claustration of Catholic nuns. It is often incorrectly referred to as a papal bull...

Viterbo became a papal city in 1243. During the later thirteenth century, the ancient Italian city of Viterbo was the site of five papal elections and the...

founded in Rome in 1834. In 1850 it was reorganized as the Bank of the Papal States (Italian: Banca dello Stato Pontificio), which in 1870 itself changed...

1414 – 12 August 1484) was head of the Catholic Church and leader of the Papal States from 9 August 1471 until his death in 1484. Sixtus IV's accomplishments...

Cum nimis absurdum was a papal bull issued by Pope Paul IV dated 14 July 1555. In order to incentivise Jewish conversion to Christianity, the bull revoked...

Pierfrancesco Scarampi (1596 – October 14, 1656) was a Roman Catholic oratorian and papal envoy. Scarampi was born into the noble Scarampi family in the Marquisate...

an agent of the parish's pastor, who is termed parochus in Latin. Some papal legates are given the title Vicar of the Apostolic See. A vicar can be the...

This is a list of people executed in the Papal States under the government of the Popes or during the 1810–1819 decade of French rule. Although capital...

It was formally established by Pope Sixtus IV on June 15, 1475, by the papal bull Ad decorem militantis ecclesiae, although it is much older. It is one...

Ottaviano de' Medici, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 1 April 1605 to his death, on 27 April 1605. His pontificate...

"big umbrella", in basilicas also conopaeum) is a historic piece of the papal regalia and insignia, once used on a daily basis to provide shade for the...

vesica-shaped. When Pope Gregory IX waged war against Emperor Frederick II in 1228, papal troops were described by Richard of San Germano as "bearing the sign of...

from 14 March 1800 to his death in August 1823. He was the leader of the Papal States from June 1800 to 17 May 1809 and again from 1814 to his death. Chiaramonti...

1760 – 10 February 1829) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 28 September 1823 to his death in February 1829. Leo XII was...

conferred by specially empowered papal legates. If an imperial count palatine possessed both an imperial and the papal appointment, he bore the title of...

Once a fortress and palace, the papal residence was a seat of Western Christianity during the 14th century. Six papal conclaves were held in the Palais...

Codex Iuris Canonici of 1917. However, Cardinal Pietro Gasparri led the papal commission for the revision of canon law and later on published a guide...

31 January 1659, Giovanna De Grandis was arrested and imprisoned in the Papal prison at Tor di Nona, where she made her confession on 1 February, and...

Holy Roman Church enjoys very extensive powers, having the revenues of the papal household under his charge. As a sign of their dignity, chamberlains bore...

An apostolic blessing (Latin: benedictio apostolica or Papal Blessing (Latin: Benedictio Papalis) is a formalized benediction imparted by the Pope, either...

apostolic executor is a cleric who is charged with putting into practice a Papal rescript. Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Apostolic executor" . Catholic...

in the 1829 conclave, plus Giacomo Giustiniani, who was a long-serving papal diplomat but who was vetoed by King Ferdinand VII. Giustiniani had served...

wholly of private property; later, it corresponded to the territories under Papal sovereignty, but from the early 13th century the term was applied to one...

Maria Potelli, a Roman Catholic family in the town of Monte Compatri in the Papal States, near Frascati (Lazio).[citation needed] It is possible that he was...

Pietro Vito Ottoboni, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 6 October 1689 to his death in February 1691. He is the most...

The Sack of Rome, then part of the Papal States, followed the capture of Rome on 6 May 1527 by the mutinous troops of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, during...

Italian Brigands Surprised by Papal Troops is an 1831 painting produced in Rome by Horace Vernet. It is kept at the Walters Art Museum, in Baltimore....

Siri (then Archbishop of Genoa) was elected pope in the 1958 papal conclave, taking the papal name Pope Gregory XVII, but that his election was suppressed...

annexed by the Papal States in 1631. It was bordered by the Adriatic Sea in the east, the Republic of Florence in the west and the Papal States in the...

The 1086 papal election (held 24 May) ended with the election of Desiderius, abbot of Monte Cassino as Pope Gregory VII's successor after a year-long...

the show during papal conclave". USA TODAY. Retrieved 2025-10-04. "Seagulls Roosting on Vatican Roof End up With VIP Seats to Papal Conclave". People...

returned to Rome with Pope Gregory, who had been persuaded to leave his papal base at Avignon. After Gregory's death on 27 March 1378, the people of Rome...

The 1154 papal election followed the death of Pope Anastasius IV and resulted in the election of Pope Adrian IV, the only Englishman to become pope. Pope...

The papal conclave held from 1 May 1314 to 7 August 1316 in the apostolic palace of Carpentras and then the Dominican house in Lyon was one of the longest...

was appointed as the papal tailor in 1813, by Pope Pius VII. Upon the death of a pope and the subsequent announcement of a papal conclave, the firm makes...

The 1565–66 papal conclave (20 December – 7 January) was convened on the death of Pope Pius IV and ended in the election of Pope Pius V. Cardinal Vitellozzo...

born Alberto di Morra, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States for two months in 1187. Becoming Pope after a long diplomatic career...

Papal Household) was a motu proprio document issued by Pope Paul VI on 28 March 1968, in the fifth year of his pontificate. It reorganized the Papal Household...

accompanying ribbon is red with blue stripes along the sides. Papal Lateran Cross (1st design) in Bronze Papal Lateran Cross (2nd design) in Gold Notable individuals...

speech, although formal documents may have retained it. Recent important papal documents still use the majestic plural in the original Latin but are given...

However, beginning in 962, the Holy Roman Emperor assumed control over papal elections and the appointment of bishops, reinforcing imperial authority...

The 1431 papal conclave (2–3 March) convened after the death of Pope Martin V and elected as his successor Cardinal Gabriele Condulmer, who took the name...

(Pope Pius XII), who came from a family established in senior roles in the Papal administration. Roncalli was nonetheless a descendant of an Italian noble...

the Roman emperors of antiquity, he was Emperor of the Romans from his papal coronation in 1220 until his death and also a claimant to the title of King...

Charles Borromeo, and later to the Council of Trent. There in 1563, the papal legates deputized him to Philip II of Spain to try to induce him to attend...

The Papal Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls (Italian: Basilica Papale di San Paolo fuori le Mura, Latin: Basilica Sancti Pauli extra mœnia) is...

protonotary by papal decree. In late antiquity, there were in Rome seven regional notaries who, on the further development of the papal administration...

to give the Catholic Church financial compensation for the loss of the Papal States. In 1948, the Lateran Treaty was recognized in the Constitution of...

from the Catholic Church and divisions emerged between those who rejected papal authority and those who continued to follow Rome. The words are recognised...

chancery of Stephen's immediate successor Paul I. These lands would become the Papal States and would be the basis of the papacy's temporal power for the next...

leader of the Papal States from 22 September 1503 to his death. At just twenty-six days, he had one of the shortest pontificates in papal history. Francesco...

The papal inauguration of Pope John Paul I took place on 3 September 1978. Pope John Paul I was the first pope to eschew the papal tiara and opt for a...

some of his titles derive from this specific role. The official list of papal titles, in the order they are dictated by the Annuario Pontificio in 2024...

project European Perceptions of Asia in the Middle Ages: An Analysis of Papal Missions. Strack completed his postdoctoral qualifications in Medieval History...

Pope Boniface VI. Stephen had Formosus's corpse exhumed and brought to the papal court for judgment. He accused Formosus of perjury, of having acceded to...

The 1088 papal election subsequent to the death of Pope Victor III in 1087 was held on 12 March 1088. Six cardinal-bishops, assisted by two lower-ranking...

of reforms initiated by Pope Gregory VII and the circle he formed in the papal curia, c. 1050–1080, which dealt with the moral integrity and independence...

the rituals restricted to men. They were freed from prison in 1478 due to papal intervention. One Jew, Israel, was allowed to convert to Christianity for...

and continuing into the 18th century. The Crusade of 1101, the earliest papally sanctioned expedition inspired by the First Crusade, ended in disastrous...

Ages. Officially endorsed by the Catholic Church by such decrees as the papal bull Omne datum optimum of Innocent II, the Templars became a favoured charity...

The earlier red-dressed papal grooms or palafrenieri were a different group of papal servants, originally liverymen for the papal carriage, then an influential...

Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 30 January 1592 to his death in March 1605. Born in Fano, Papal States to a prominent Florentine family...

and in the same year, he became Papal legate in Urbino, a position he held until 1696. From 1698 to 1701, he was Papal legate in Ferrara. In 1710, he opted...

1415. Cossa was born in the Kingdom of Naples. In 1403, he served as a papal legate in Romagna. He participated in the Council of Pisa in 1408, which...

the ground by Cardinal Giovanni Maria Vitelleschi, field commander of the papal army. It was again taken from the Savellis by Sixtus IV in 1482, during...

million mourners converging on Rome. The ceremonies followed the revised papal funerary rites that John Paul II himself had established in 1996 through...

Vatican I: papal infallibility Pius IX: Immaculate Conception of Mary Pius XII: Assumption of Mary Pope Pius XII stated in Humani generis that papal encyclicals...

The Roman scudo (plural: scudi romani) was the currency of the Papal States until 1866. It was subdivided into 100 baiocchi (singular: baiocco), each...

residence of members of the College of Cardinals while participating in a papal conclave to elect a new pope. Pope Francis lived in a suite in the Domus...

securing the Papal States and invading the Kingdom of Sicily, while Frederick was away on the Sixth Crusade. Upon his return, he defeated the papal forces,...

Sverre's death in 1202. Pope Eugene III placed the kingdom of England under Papal Interdict in 1148 as king Stephen prohibited the bishops of England to attend...

old castle was the project of Urban VIII, who first made it an official papal residence in 1626. During the Napoleonic Wars, some 900 anti-French citizens...

Ioannes VIII; died 16 December 882) was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 14 December 872 to his death. He is often considered one of...

The 1592 papal conclave (10–30 January) elected Pope Clement VIII in succession to Pope Innocent IX. Pope Innocent IX died on December 30, 1591, only...

the Papal commander Gil de Albornoz, sent in Italy to reconquer the fractionated Papal States. After signing a treaty of peace, he was made Papal vicar...

The papal election held from 4 to 7 September 1159 following the death of Pope Adrian IV resulted in the election of two rival popes. A majority of the...

northern Italy. At that time Forlì was part of the Papal States. Peregrine's family supported the anti-papal faction. In 1283, the residents of Forlì were...

The 1287–88 papal election (April 4 – February 22) was the deadliest papal election in the history of the Roman Catholic Church, with six (or five) of...

Butyll, Butyl, Bucyl] (died c. 1420–1422) was a Scottish prelate, clerk and papal auditor active in the late 14th and early 15th centuries. Probably originating...

Archbishop of Acerenza in the Kingdom of Naples, and worked in the Avignon papal chancery. By 1376, with the departure of Pope Gregory XI to Rome, Prignano...

The Renaissance period in papal history was between the Western Schism and the Reformation. From the election of Pope Martin V of the Council of Constance...

Theophylact of Tusculum in Rome, was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States for three periods between October 1032 and July 1048 (1032–1044;...

Pontificia Sistina in Italian, is the Pope's personal choir. It performs at papal functions in the Sistine Chapel and in any other church in Rome where the...

Catholic Church and leader of the Papal States from 23 May 1555 to his death, in August 1559. While serving as papal nuncio in Spain, he developed an anti-Spanish...

elected Ratzinger as his successor on 19 April; he chose Benedict XVI as his papal name in honour of Benedict XV and Benedict of Nursia. Benedict's writings...

A conclavist was a personal aide of a cardinal present in a papal conclave. The term is sometimes used to refer to all present with a conclave, including...

Battista Cybo (or Cibo), was head of the Catholic Church and leader of the Papal States from 29 August 1484 to his death, in July 1492. Son of the viceroy...

the papal nuncio to the Habsburg monarchy and participated in the Council of Trent before becoming a Cardinal in 1565. He was a member of the papal conclave...

The 1198 papal election (held 8 January) was convoked after the death of Pope Celestine III; it ended with the election of Cardinal Lotario dei Conti...

The papal conclave of 1958 was convened to elect a pope, the leader of the Catholic Church, to succeed Pope Pius XII following his death on 9 October...

founded by St. Francis of Assisi and received oral papal approval by Innocent III in 1209 and formal papal confirmation by Honorius III in 1223. Today the...

resignation of Pope Benedict XVI, the 2013 papal conclave elected Bergoglio as pope on 13 March. He chose Francis as his papal name in honor of Francis of Assisi...

Commendone (17 March 1523 – 26 December 1584) was an Italian cardinal and papal nuncio. Commendone was born at Venice. After an education in the humanities...

the final exam.... — Pope John Paul II This was publicized by media, and "papal" cream cakes from Wadowice became popular in Poland. The confectionery shop...

Immacolata Concezione was a screw corvette of the Papal Navy, built in the English shipyards of Thames Ironworks and Shipbuilding Company in Blackwall...

A papal conclave was held from 30 November 1799 to 14 March 1800 to elect a new pope to succeed Pius VI, who had died on 29 August. On the final ballot...

Egisheim-Dagsburg; 21 June 1002 – 19 April 1054) was the Bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 12 February 1049 to his death in 1054. Leo IX is considered...

comprised territory conquered from the Papal States. The Roman Republic immediately incorporated two other former-papal revolutionary administrations, the...

Crusade. In 1233 Gregory IX established the Papal Inquisition to regularize the persecution of heresy. The Papal Inquisition was intended to bring order to...

the Roman campagna, remained in the city. Radulfus was a member of the papal court and followed Pope Lucius III in his flight from the Roman commune...

The papal deposing power was the most powerful tool of the political authority claimed by and on behalf of the Roman Pontiff, in medieval and early modern...

excommunicated Peter Mongus into communion. This led to the Acacian schism. Papal legates that were sent by Pope Felix III to Constantinople were excommunicated...

Perugia was a long-time papal residence during the 13th century. Five popes were elected here: Pope Honorius III (1216–1227), Pope Clement IV (1265–1268)...

Protestants are opposed to the Roman Catholic doctrine of papal supremacy. Protestant Christians argue that the tradition of the See of Rome's primacy...

Giovanni Francesco Albani, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 23 November 1700 to his death in March 1721. Clement XI was...

the date of his birth is a subject of dispute. He was born in Subiaco, Papal States (now in Lazio, Italy), in either 1475 or 1476, the illegitimate son...

The 1406 papal conclave (18–30 November), the papal conclave of the time of the Great Western Schism, convened after the death of Pope Innocent VII. It...

This is a list of non-extant papal tombs, which includes tombs not included on the list of extant papal tombs. Information about these tombs is generally...

written by the pope. Some experts regard it as third in importance among papal documents, after apostolic constitutions and encyclicals. It generally encourages...

Alexander VI). In Rome, he became abbreviatore di parco minore; then a papal notary; and then a protonotary apostolic. In 1492, he was a witness at the...

custom-made tiara. The centuries-old practice of inaugurating a papacy with a papal coronation lapsed thereafter, as his successors, beginning with John Paul...

of Our Lady of the Rosary of Pompeii a papal legate or papal diplomat, such as a Nuncio an extraordinary papal representative to a religious congregation...

on the sceptical side over the supposed papal bull Sacratissimo uti culmine (see Sabbatine Privilege). In papal politics he was a Gallican, in theology...

Tommaso Parentucelli, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 6 March 1447 until his death in March 1455. Pope Eugene IV made...

The Roman Court or Papal Curia was reformed by the papal bull Pontificalis Domus issues by Pope Paul VI in 1969. It abolished the role of the old Roman...

born Gregorio Papareschi, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 14 February 1130 to his death in 1143. His election as pope...

called Bernardo da Pisa, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 15 February 1145 to his death in 1153. He was the first Cistercian...

Central Italy was governed by the pope as a temporal kingdom known as the Papal States. This situation persisted through the Renaissance but began to deteriorate...

teaching authority only to the whole body of Catholic bishops, and held that papal decrees were not irreformable until they had received the assent of the...

A papal conclave was held from 24 February to 31 March 1829 to elect a new pope to succeed Leo XII, who had died on 10 February. Of the 50 members of...

military contingent from the Kingdom of Sardinia (Piedmont) sent against the Papal States. Later, the operation was extended to the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies...

becoming one of the first papal cars. Pullella, Philip (2012-10-16). "Vatican exhibit of carriages and cars chronicles papal transport". Reuters. Retrieved...

the deciding vote for himself. The 1958 conclave was the first time in papal history where the written ballots were totally secret, containing only the...

following papal elections: 1143 papal election, which elected Pope Celestine II 1144 papal election, which elected Pope Lucius II 1145 papal election,...

Bicchieri (c. 1150 – 1227) was an Italian diplomat, papal official and cardinal. He was the papal legate in England from 1216 to 1218 and took a prominent...

Secretariat of State sought a $25 million grant in June 2017 from the U.S.-based Papal Foundation, whose lay board members were reportedly initially led to believe...

(nunciature) Vatican delegation expected in Jordan ahead of Pope ‘May’ visit Kimberly Katz, Legitimizing Jordan as the Holy Land: Papal Pilgrimages—1964, 2000...

1516. With the death of Pope Julius II in 1513, Cajetan withdrew from the papal court. Recalled to Vicenza by the death of his mother, he founded in 1522...

individuals. The first papal motu proprio was promulgated by Pope Innocent VIII in 1484. It continues to be a common form of papal rescript, especially...

become ineligible to participate in a conclave if they turn 80 before a papal vacancy occurs. Since the emergence of the College of Cardinals in the Early...

VIII (1294–1303). During this time, the popes took up residence in the Papal Palace of Orvieto (also known as Palazzo Soliano), which was adjacent to...

region in central Italy, where Saint Francis was born and died. It is a papal minor basilica and one of the most important places of Christian pilgrimage...

as "Lo Spadarino" (1597–1649) was an Italian painter and engraver of the Papal city of Rome in the early seventeenth century. His family were originally...

Dei has never been an official Papal title. Catholics answer the claims that "Vicarius Filii Dei" is written on the Papal Tiara by stating that a simple...

garrison commanded by Ferrante Gonzaga. 7 February 1550: The 1549–1550 papal conclave after Pope Paul III's death elected Pope Julius III, who immediately...

Moors, etc.). In the 1860s, zouave units arose in many other countries. The Papal Zouaves were organized by Louis Juchault de Lamoricière, a former commander...

served as a place of both religious and functionary papal activity. Today, it is the site of the papal conclave, the process by which a new pope is selected...

This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title 1978 papal conclave. If an internal link incorrectly led you here, you may wish to...

(January 13, 1873 – March 7, 1964) was an American industrialist, banker and Papal Knight of the Order of St. Gregory the Great. George Engle Prindible was...

Pope Francis summoned fewer consistories of all cardinals than some of his papal predecessors had done. Disquiet over the lack of consistories was due to...

declared themselves independent. The boundary agreed between Florence and the Papal States was a stream, simply called "Rio"; but there were two such streams...

central administration, the Roman Curia. Papal pronouncements which meet the requirements of the decree on papal infallibility of the First Vatican Council...

1459 – 14 September 1523), was head of the Catholic Church and leader of the Papal States from 9 January 1522 until his death on 14 September 1523. The only...

Catholic Churches and the Latin Church and the recognition and acceptance of papal supremacy and infallibility. Provisions within the 1983 Latin canon law...

Guarantees (Italian: Legge delle guarentigie), sometimes also called the Law of Papal Guarantees, was the name given to the law passed by the senate and chamber...

The 1216 papal election was convoked in Perugia on 18 July 1216 following the death of Pope Innocent III two days earlier. The troubled social and political...

period was famous for papal nepotism and many families, such as the Barberini and Pamphili, benefited greatly from having a papal relative. Families that...

between Revolutionary France and the Papal States, signed on 19 February 1797 and imposing terms of surrender on the Papal side. The signatories for France...

31 January 1659, Giovanna De Grandis was arrested and imprisoned in the Papal prison at Tor di Nona, where she made her confession on 1 February, and...

04.20), Apostolic Delegate (papal diplomatic envoy) to Vietnam (1969.05.30 – 1975.12.19), then Apostolic Pro-Nuncio (papal ambassador) to Uganda (1975...

Pope Innocent III decreed that no regular orders could be founded without papal approval. The bishops, however, retained the right to form communities whose...

A papal conclave was held from 2–11 July 1276 to elect a new pope to succeed Pope Innocent V who had died suddenly. Following the nine-day conclave, Ottobuono...

Pope Pius VIII issued one papal encyclical during his reign as Pope: XII, Pope Leo (24 May 1829). "Ubi Primum". papalencyclicals.net. List of encyclicals...

1159 papal election 1169 Imperial election 1181 papal election 1185 papal election October 1187 papal election December 1187 papal election 1191 papal election...

express condition that, should Antipope Benedict XIII (1394–1423), the rival papal claimant at Avignon, renounce all claim to the papacy, he would also renounce...

Girolamo Verallo (1497–1555) was an Italian Roman Catholic cardinal and papal diplomat. Girolamo Verallo was born in Cori, Lazio in 1497, the son of Girolamo...

Belgian historian, professor at the Catholic University of Louvain, and papal chamberlain. Terlinden was born in Schaerbeek on 6 July 1878. He studied...

1635: The Papal Stakes is a novel in the 1632 series written by Charles Gannon and Eric Flint. It was published in 2012, and is the direct sequel to 1635:...

31 January 1659, Giovanna De Grandis was arrested and imprisoned in the Papal prison at Tor di Nona where she made her confession on 1 February, and started...

differences, Benedict failed to bring the Holy Roman Empire back under papal dominance. He died 25 April 1342 and was buried in Avignon. Jacques Fournier...

dispensed with the traditional papal coronation and instead received ecclesiastical investiture with a simplified papal inauguration on 22 October 1978...

The papal conclave held from 16 to 18 December 1352 was convened after the death of Pope Clement VI and elected as his successor Cardinal Etienne Aubert...

Pope Leo V (died 903/904) was the bishop of Rome and nominal ruler of the Papal States in 903. He was pope immediately before the period known as the Saeculum...

(born 1630) was an Italian engraver and painter, active mainly in Rome, Papal States. He was born in Siena and trained in Rome, following the style of...

in Latin) or breviator was a writer of the Papal Chancery who outlined and prepared in correct form Papal bulls, briefs, and consistorial decrees before...

This is a list of papal legates sent by the Holy See to England. The legature was suppressed under Henry VIII in 1536, and restored shortly under his...

Charles University in Prague between 1409 and 1410. Alexander V issued a Papal bull that excommunicated Hus; however, it was not enforced, and Hus continued...

prior to the First Vatican Council, that papal infallibility was not restricted to a small number of papal statements but applied ipso facto (by virtue...

short-lived state declared on 9 February 1849, when the government of the Papal States was temporarily replaced by a republican government due to Pope Pius...

In 1412 he opted for the title of Cardinal Bishop of Palestrina and was Papal Legate in Naples. He took part in the Council of Constance. He was also...

Vatican Council defined a dogma on the infallibility of the extraordinary papal magisterium, in the limited circumstances when the Pope decides that it...

for "Almighty God", may refer to: Omnipotens Deus, 1517 papal bull Omnipotens Deus, 1884 papal bull Omnipotens Deus, a common Latin translation of El Shaddai...

of York—the second most important role in the English church—and that of papal legate. His appointment as a cardinal by Pope Leo X in 1515 gave him precedence...

The 1254 papal election (11–12 December) took place following the death of Pope Innocent IV and ended with the choice of Raynaldus de' Conti, who took...

(English: The sublime God; erroneously cited[where?] as Sublimus Dei) is a Papal bull promulgated by Pope Paul III on 2 June 1537, which forbids the enslavement...

Paul II. In parallel, it is celebrated by the Catholic Church in Poland as Papal Day, which falls on the Sunday preceding October 16. On October 16, 1978...

1998 was elected pope of the conclavist "True Catholic Church" with the papal name "Pius XIII". The only known Catholic bishop consecrated before the...

flourish and received a papal decree of commendation from Pope Pius X on 8 March 1911, then on 10 May 1932 received full papal approval from Pope Pius...

contains a list of encyclicals of Pope Benedict XV. Pope Benedict XV issued 12 papal encyclicals during his reign as Pope. The list of encyclicals on the Vatican...

Chamberlin documenting the lives of eight of the most controversial popes (papal years in parentheses): Pope Stephen VI (896–897), who exhumed and tried...

1840 – 25 June 1876) was an Irish soldier. He served in the armies of the Papal States during the war for Italian unification in 1860, and was recruited...

absent, leaving only sixteen cardinal electors. Miranda, Salvator. 1998. "Papal elections of the 14th Century (1303–1394)." The Cardinals of the Holy Roman...

opted for the deaconry of Santa Maria in Cosmedin. He participated in the papal conclave of 1585 that elected Pope Sixtus V. On December 18, 1585, he opted...

called Michele Ghislieri), was head of the Catholic Church and leader of the Papal States from 7 January 1566 to his death, in May 1572. He was an inquisitor...

The 1191 papal election took place after the death of Pope Clement III. Pope Clement, according to differing and irreconcilable reports, died in March...

Portuguese monarchs to award the honour had been granted by a pope in the papal bull Ad ea ex quibus issued in Avignon on 14–15 March 1319. Although the...

1471), born Pietro Barbo, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 30 August 1464 to his death in 1471. When his maternal uncle...

Church by Pope Leo XIV in July 2026. He was consecrated a bishop without papal approval in the 2026 Écône consecrations, and was declared excommunicated...

and the Mexican Inquisition, among others. Inquisitions conducted in the Papal States were known as the Roman Inquisition. The scope of the inquisitions...

of the First Council of Nicaea. His visit to Algeria was the first ever papal visit to the country. Turkey and Lebanon (27 November – 2 December) Pope...

Mentana, located north-east of Rome (then in the Papal States, now modern Lazio), between French-Papal troops and the Italian volunteers led by Giuseppe...

The book is set in the context of the death of a pope and the subsequent papal conclave to elect his successor. A film based on the book was theatrically...

celebrated with full solemnity, was even more elaborate. As is still done in papal Masses on occasions such as the inauguration of a pontificate, the Gospel...

Apostolica), formerly known as the Papal Treasury, was an office in the Roman Curia. It was the central board of finance in the papal administrative system and...

Pope Urban VI (1378–89) took him into the Curia, sent him for ten years as papal collector to England, made him Bishop of Bologna in 1386 at a time of strife...

born Sinibaldo Fieschi, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 25 June 1243 to his death in 1254. Fieschi was born in Genoa...

Ottaviani, the commission's president and Bishop Carlo Colombo [it], the papal theologian, as well as Archbishop Leo Binz of St. Paul/Minneapolis.[page...

the seventeenth abbot of Cîteaux (until 1212). In 1204, he was named a papal legate and inquisitor and was sent by Pope Innocent III with Peter of Castelnau...

Epifani Del Zotto, was the head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 24 May 1086 to his death. He was the successor of Pope Gregory...

1545. The pope then named him papal legate in Camerino, Spoleto, and Umbria on 19 October 1545. He participated in the papal conclave of 1549-50 that elected...

The papal conclave of 1914 was convened to elect a pope, the leader of the Catholic Church, to succeed Pope Pius X following his death on 20 August 1914...

the Masonic French and American Revolutions, that caused the fall of the Papal States and the imprisonment of Pope Pius IX, showed their lack of moral...

source not generally considered to be reliable, papal sanction was not secured until 1059, but as papal-Norman relations in the 1050s were generally good...

(/məˈraɪnəs/ mə-RY-nəs; died 15 May 884) was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 882 until his death on 15 May 884. Controversially at the time...

The 1623 papal conclave was convened on the death of Pope Gregory XV and ended with the election of Cardinal Maffeo Barberini as Pope Urban VIII. It was...

was the cousin of Carlo Cesare Malvasia. During the Wars of Castro he led papal army cavalry against the Dukes of Parma. He became close to the nephews...

1551. He was a participant in both the papal conclave of April 1555 that elected Pope Marcellus II and the papal conclave of May 1555 that elected Pope...

He participated in the papal conclave of 1644. He was elected Bishop of Assisi on 5 May 1653. He participated in the papal conclave of 1655. In the...

Segreteria di Stato) is the oldest dicastery in the Roman Curia, the central papal governing bureaucracy of the Catholic Church. It is headed by the Cardinal...

central Italy was divided into two states: the Papal States and the Grand Duchy of Tuscany. The Papal States, officially the State of the Church, were...

Hubert of Palestrina was an Italian papal legate and Cardinal. He was created bishop of Palestrina in 1068. He was legate, with Gerald of Ostia, to the...

known as the Stanza della Segnatura, and was the private papal library where the supreme papal tribunal met. In the painting, Raphael has created a scene...

by an elaborate morse. In earlier centuries it was red, at the time the papal colour. In the 11th and 12th centuries the immantatio, or bestowal of the...

and Peter Celestine, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States for five months from 5 July to 13 December 1294, when he abdicated...

The papal bull Dudum ad nostram audientiam was promulgated by Eugene IV on August 8, 1442. It advocated the complete social separation of Jews and Christians...

earlier Donation of Pepin, granting control of the Papal States to the Popes, regularizing Papal elections, and clarifying the relationship between the...

censorship was encouraged.[citation needed] The Index was enforceable within the Papal States, but elsewhere only if adopted by the civil powers, as happened in...

included the largest papal event in history with around 6–7 million attendees in his final Mass at Manila, surpassing the then-largest papal event at World...

Social teachings of the papacy encompass papal views described in social encyclicals and other papal communications, beginning with Rerum novarum, Pope...

The 1185 papal election (held November 25) was convoked after the death of Pope Lucius III. It resulted in the election of Cardinal Uberto Crivelli of...

Mazzini's short-lived revolutionary Roman Republic and the restoration of the Papal States. In the aftermath of the Napoleonic Wars, there was a return to the...

the time of his tenure in office, having been officially recognized by papal bull in 1164. What is certain is that García would have been an exceptional...

Frederick; c. 1020 – 29 March 1058) was the Bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 3 August 1057 to his death on 29 March 1058. He was a member...

Bugatti (6 March 1779 – 18 June 1869) was the official executioner for the Papal States from 1796 to 1865, during which he carried out 516 executions under...

duchy's income and titles. The territory was eventually annexed into the Papal States. In 1625/6, the Guido Reni painted The Crucifixion on commission...

Cardinal-deacon assigned to the deaconry of Santi Cosma e Damiano. He was Papal legate to the city of Ferrara on several occasions for several years. In...

academic title of Magister. Early in his ecclesiastical career, he became a papal chaplain.Through his older brother's influence, Allessandro was able to...

that same year. Pope Urban died in 1644 and Theodoli participated in the Papal conclave of 1644 which elected Pope Innocent X. In the absence of Cardinal...

two churches are ecclesiastical. Principal among them is the meaning of papal primacy within any future unified church. The Orthodox insist that it should...

Sistine Chapel in Vatican City, where a newly elected pope changes into his papal cassock for the first time. The Room of Tears receives its name as a reference...

bishop by the Chinese government without papal approval in 1959. However, in 2007, Qian Yurong received papal approval. He retired in 2011. Bishop Thomas...

meditate on the Gospel while also preaching sermons and missions in the Papal States and in other Italian cities all on the subject of repentance. His...

allegedly non-canonical election. Although Cardinal Manfred, who acted as papal legate to Hungary in that year, admonished Lucas to celebrate Andrew's consecration...

West, developed into the East-West Schism, partially due to conflicts over papal supremacy. The Fourth Crusade, and the sacking of Constantinople by renegade...

conversely, such a council is above the Pope. The question is related to papal primacy, papal supremacy and conciliarism. The decree played an essential role in...

service of the new Pope for a long time, first as a Cup-bearer and then as a Papal secretary. Ordained priest, he was appointed Bishop of Perugia on 5 November...

royal power in Hungary amid a civil war between rival baronial factions. A papal legate, Philip, bishop of Fermo, came to Hungary to help Ladislaus consolidate...

the Rhine – January 1482 at Breslau) was a German Bishop of Breslau and papal legate. From 1422 to 1426 he studied at the University of Heidelberg from...

Dyophysitism. He also contributed significantly to developing ideas of papal authority. According to the Liber Pontificalis, he was a native of Tuscany...

Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 7 April 1655 to his death, in May 1667. He began his career as a vice-papal legate, and he held various...

Bologna, Paris, and sometimes Oxford—until this oligopoly was broken by papal and imperial charters in the course of the 13th century. The fifth criterion...

a papal bull of 1336 Benedictus Deus (Pius IV), a papal bull of 1564 Benedictus Deus (Benedict XIV), a papal bull of 1750 Benedictus Deus, a papal bull...

attracted criticism during subsequent periods such as in the February 14, 1908 Papal allocution Ringraziamo Vivamente, where Pope Pius X accused the Greek Orthodox...

Wilhelm von Bibra (1442–1490) (Eques auratus) was a Papal emissary. Wilhelm functioned as a Papal Emissary for both the archbishop of Cologne and Kaiser...

was the de facto commander-in-chief of the Papal States' armed forces (generally, the Papal Army and the Papal Navy) from the Middle Ages into the early...

The 1644 papal conclave was called upon the death of Pope Urban VIII. It lasted from 9 August to 15 September 1644; the cardinal electors chose Cardinal...

the ordinary operation of the law over time for some specific purpose. Papal privileges resembled dispensations, since both involved exceptions to the...

The papal Inquisition is different from the Spanish Inquisition as it refers to the state-church institution established by King Ferdinand II of Aragon...

the TV show Pawn Stars (season 17), Father Richard Kunst, curator of the Papal Artifacts website, was consulted regarding a zucchetto said to have belonged...

with an army of German Landsknechte to march towards Rome. The outnumbered papal armies, commanded by Giovanni de' Medici, try to chase them in the midst...

apostolic nunciature is the apostolic nuncio, commonly referred to as a papal nuncio. A nuncio is the Holy See’s permanent diplomatic representative to...

of the Papal States from 29 April 1670 to his death on 22 July 1676. Emilio Bonaventura Altieri, born in Rome in 1590, belonged to the Papal nobility...

February 7, 1818) was a Roman politician, antiquarian, and art historian, papal Prefect of Antiquities, and the leading expert of his day in the field of...

Nuncio to Bavaria in 1917 until his death as pope in 1958. She managed the papal charity office for Pius XII from 1944 until the pontiff's death in 1958...

Sfondrato or Sfondrati, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 5 December 1590 to his death, in October 1591. Niccolò Sfondrati...

Michelangelo dei Conti, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 8 May 1721 to his death in March 1724. He remains the most recent...

is the youngest of the six SSPX bishops, having been consecrated without papal approval at the age of 36 alongside three others in the 2026 Écône consecrations...

In the papal conclave held on 29 and 30 December 1370, after the death of Pope Urban V, Cardinal Pierre de Beaufort was elected pope under the name Gregory...

Charles Erskine (13 February 1739 – 20 March 1811) was an Italian-Scottish papal diplomat and cardinal. He was the son of Colin Erskine, youngest son to...

protoscriniarius (or superintendent of the Roman public schools for scribes) in the papal court during the pontificate of John XII. In 963, he was included in a party...

The Church of the Papal Mainframe, also known as the Church, is a fictional religious group in the British science-fiction television series Doctor Who...

Nicholas Goudanus (also de Gouda) (c.1517–1565) was a Dutch Jesuit and papal diplomat. His surname was originally Floris (Florisz). He worked with Peter...

a favoured place in the political structure. In 1520, Pope Leo X in the papal bull Exsurge Domine had censured the proposition "That heretics be burned...

military order founded in Castile, but the second to receive papal approval. The papal bull confirming the Order of Calatrava was given by Pope Alexander...

Giovanni Gaetano Orsini, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 25 November 1277 to his death on 22 August 1280. He was a Roman...

The papal inauguration of Pope John Paul II took place on 22 October 1978. This inauguration was unique for being the second one in 1978 after the sudden...

A papal election was held from 16 to 21 December 1124, after the death of Pope Callixtus II on 13 December 1124. The election was characterised by a power...

recent French pope. In 1377, Gregory XI returned the papal court to Rome, ending nearly 70 years of papal residency in Avignon, in modern-day France. His death...

origin, meaning and extent of the papal primacy and critically examines the existing collections of canons and papal letters. The letters of each pope...

One of his nephews was Giovanni Bichi, whom he appointed Admiral of the Papal Navy. He studied philosophy and law and obtained a doctorate in utroque...

to 3.85 g.[clarification needed] The first minting of Paul III bore the papal arms on the obverse and St. Paul on the reverse. At the time of the arrival...

Government [it] from 1775 and as such, he visited several localities of the Papal States in the provinces of Sabina, Marittima e Campagna, Benevento and Pontecorvo...

The 1061 papal election was held on 30 September 1061 in San Pietro in Vincoli ("Saint Peter in Chains") in Rome, following the death of Pope Nicholas...

in 1850 by Pope Pius IX, who ordered that the two militia units of the Papal States be amalgamated. The corps was formed as an infantry unit, and took...

strictly speaking, women are referred to as nuns only when they live in papal enclosure; otherwise, they are religious sisters. The distinctions between...

McGurk (ed.), Papal Letters, p. 198, with Ibid, p. 355. Dowden, Bishops, p. 218, n. 1; McGurk (ed.), Papal Letters, p. 198. McGurk (ed.), Papal Letters, p...

Ildebrando di Soana), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 22 April 1073 to his death in 1085. He is venerated as a saint...

Piacenza around the middle of the 12th century. He is first noticed as a papal subdeacon in 1172. He became a canon of the collegiate church of Sant'Antonino...

fought Piccinino and Alfonso V of Aragon. During the struggle between the Papal States and Sforza, he sided with the former. In 1448 he besieged Piombino...

Otto of Tonengo (c. 1190 – 1250/1251) was an Italian papal diplomat and cardinal, first as deacon of San Nicola in Carcere from 1227 and then as bishop...

in the administration of the Papal minor basilicas in Assisi, namely the Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi and the Papal Basilica of Saint Mary of the...

the Supreme Order of Christ. He was the holder of several papal honors, including being a papal duke ad personam (non-hereditary). Brady was born on October...

The House of Colonna is a prominent Italian family, forming part of the papal nobility. It played a pivotal role in medieval and Renaissance Rome, supplying...