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Peer-to-peer (P2P) computing or networking is a distributed computing or networking architecture in which participants share part of their own resources...

Peer or peer in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Peer or peeress may refer to: Peer, an equal in age, education or social class; see Peer group Peer,...

Peer-to-peer lending (P2P lending) is the practice of lending money to individuals or businesses through online services that match lenders with borrowers...

Kingdom, life peers are appointed members of the peerage whose titles cannot be inherited, in contrast to hereditary peers. Life peers are appointed by...

banking model (simplified) LendingClub Peer-to-peer Social peer-to-peer processes Peer-to-peer lending "Peer-to-peer lending is surging in the US, and it...

Peer-to-peer transactions (also referred to as person-to-person transactions, P2P transactions, or P2P payments) are electronic money transfers made from...

Peer review is the evaluation of work by one or more people with similar competencies as the producers of the work (peers). It functions as a form of...

Peer-to-peer carsharing (also known as peer-to-peer car rental or person-to-person carsharing) is the process whereby vehicle owners make their personal...

In computer networking, peering is a voluntary interconnection of administratively separate Internet networks for the purpose of exchanging traffic between...

Peer Gynt (/pɪər ˈɡɪnt/ peer GHINT, Norwegian: [peːr ˈjʏnt, - ˈɡʏnt]) is a five-act play in verse written in 1867 by the Norwegian dramatist Henrik Ibsen...

In computing, Chord is a protocol and algorithm for a peer-to-peer distributed hash table. A distributed hash table stores key-value pairs by assigning...

Peer-to-peer file sharing is the distribution and sharing of digital media using peer-to-peer (P2P) networking technology. P2P file sharing allows users...

Peer-to-peer investing (P2PI) is the practice of investing money in notes issued by borrowers who are requesting a loan without going through a traditional...

workloads between peers. Peer-to-peer may also refer to: Peer-to-peer banking Peer-to-peer carsharing Peer-to-peer lending Peer-to-peer economy, another...

Peer-to-peer insurance is a reciprocity insurance contract through the Collaborative consumption concept. The aims of peer-to-peer insurance are to save...

Short Message Peer-to-Peer (SMPP) in the telecommunications industry is an open, industry standard protocol designed to provide a flexible data communication...

Peer Gynt, Op. 23, is the incidental music to Henrik Ibsen's 1867 play Peer Gynt, written by the Norwegian composer Edvard Grieg in 1875. It premiered...

Peer support occurs when people provide knowledge, experience, emotional, social or practical help to each other. It commonly refers to an initiative consisting...

The hereditary peers form part of the peerage in the United Kingdom. As of October 2025[update], there were 799 hereditary peers: 29 dukes (including...

Peer assessment, or self-assessment, is a process whereby students or their peers grade assignments or tests based on a teacher's benchmarks. The practice...

Look up Peers or peers in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Peers may refer to: Peers (name), a list of people with the surname and name Peers, Alberta...

Peer pressure is a direct or indirect influence on peers, i.e., members of social groups with similar interests and experiences, or social statuses. Members...

standards in medicine and health sciences articles, in which users typically use peer-reviewed journals or university textbooks as sources, have led to the idea...

Peer-to-peer SIP (P2P-SIP) is an implementation of a distributed voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) or instant messaging communications application using...

Peer mentoring is a form of mentorship that usually takes place between a person who has lived through a specific experience (peer mentor) and a person...

Scholarly peer review or academic peer review (also known as refereeing) is the process of having a researcher's methods and findings reviewed (usually...

Peer education is an approach to health promotion, in which community members are supported to promote health-enhancing change among their peers. Peer...

Peer critique, a specialized form of critique, is the common practice of professional peers, especially writers, reviewing and providing constructive...

Peerages of England and Scotland were closed to new creations, and new peers were created in a single Peerage of Great Britain. There are five peerages...

In sociology, a peer group is both a social group and a primary group of people who have similar interests (homophily), age, background, or social status...

than staff writers employed by the journal. They nearly universally require peer review for research articles or other scrutiny from contemporaries competent...

The Peer To Patent project is an initiative that seeks to assist patent offices in improving patent quality by gathering public input in a structured,...

Peer Eugen Georg Schmidt (11 March 1926; Erfurt, Weimar Germany – 8 May 2010; Berlin) was a German actor who specialized in films, television and dubbing...

Peer Mohammad is a village in the Firozpur district of Punjab, India. It is located in the Zira tehsil. According to the 2011 census of India, Peer Mohammad...

Stephen Peer (1840-1887) was a tightrope walker who, though he completed the feat successfully many times, fell to his death while walking a tightrope...

Judge Peer Lorenzen is a section president of the European Court of Human Rights. He was born in Denmark in 1944, and studied at Aarhus University. From...

Napster was an American proprietary peer-to-peer (P2P) file sharing application primarily associated with digital audio file distribution. Founded by Shawn...

visible approaches to peer learning comes out of cognitive psychology, and is applied within a "mainstream" educational framework: "Peer learning is an educational...

Peer contagion refers to the "mutual influence that occurs between an individual and a peer", and "includes behaviors and emotions that potentially undermine...

Peer production (also known as mass collaboration[citation needed]) is a way of producing goods and services that relies on self-organizing communities...

Pir-e-Kamil or Peer-e-Kamil (Urdu: پیر کامل; meaning "The Perfect Mentor") is a novel written by Pakistani writer Umera Ahmad. It was first published in...

latter case but not the former). British peerage title holders are termed peers of the Realm. Lord is used as a generic term to denote members of the peerage;...

The Chamber of Peers or House of Peers refers to the legislative upper house in several countries with a peerage: Chamber of Peers (France) from 1814...

BitTorrent is a communication protocol for peer-to-peer file sharing (P2P), which enables users to distribute data and electronic files over the Internet...

Basharat Peer (born 1977) is an Indian journalist, script writer, and author. Peer spent his early youth in the Kashmir Valley before shifting to Aligarh...

that provides a directory of torrent files and magnet links used for peer-to-peer file sharing through the BitTorrent protocol. It is primarily used to...

September 7 and 8, 2023, Cash App experienced a service outage, affecting peer-to-peer payments and cash card purchases for thousands of users. Block stated...

Clinical peer review, also known as medical peer review is the process by which health care professionals, including those in nursing and pharmacy, evaluate...

Peer Koopmeiners (born 4 May 2000) is a Dutch professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for Eredivisie club AZ. On 17 October 2020, Koopmeiners...

material with the help of magnet links and torrent files, which facilitate peer-to-peer file sharing. It also operates multiple Telegram channels and groups...

The Peer Gynt Prize or the Peer Gynt Award (Årets Peer Gynt or Per Gynt-prisen) is a private Norwegian prize presented annually by the private commercial...

PeerTube is a free and open-source, decentralized, ActivityPub federated video platform. It can use peer-to-peer technology to reduce load on individual...

Peer instruction is a teaching method popularized by Harvard Professor Eric Mazur in the early 1990s. Originally used in introductory undergraduate physics...

Peer Gynt is a play by Henrik Ibsen named for its main character, based on the fairy tale Peer Gynt. Peer Gynt may also refer to: Peer Gynt (Grieg), incidental...

Piratbyrån, The Pirate Bay facilitates the connection among users of the peer-to-peer torrent protocol, which are able to contribute to the site through the...

Look up Peer in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Peer is a given name and a surname. Notable people with the name include: Peer Åström (born 1972), Swedish...

Peer feedback is a practice where feedback is given by one student to another. Peer feedback provides students opportunities to learn from each other...

Peer-to-peer video sharing is a basic service on top of the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS). Early proprietary implementations might also run a simple SIP...

Peer Günt are a Finnish hard rock band from Kouvola, formed in 1976, and named after the 1867 play Peer Gynt, by Henrik Ibsen. They primarily sing in...

one of the five divisions of peerages in the United Kingdom and for those peers created by the King of Scotland before 1707. Following that year's Treaty...

Peer-mediated instruction (PMI) is an approach in special education where peers of the target students are trained to provide necessary tutoring in educational...

collaborative economy, community-based economy, gig economy, peer economy, peer-to-peer (P2P) economy, platform economy, renting economy and on-demand...

Peer (Dutch pronunciation: [peːr] ) is a municipality and city located in the province of Limburg, Flemish Region, Belgium. On January 1, 2006, Peer had...

hereditary peers consisted of: 2 peers elected by the Labour hereditary peers 42 peers elected by the Conservative hereditary peers 3 peers elected by...

Peer Hafslo Qvam (24 December 1911 – 27 July 1977) was a Norwegian architect. He was born at Holmestrand in Vestfold, Norway. He was a son of chemical...

Panj peer (or panj pīr), meaning the five saints in Persian, were Islamic saints who overlapped in late 12th and early 13th centuries in northwestern India...

A peer of the realm is a member of the highest aristocratic social order outside the ruling dynasty of the kingdom. Notable examples are: a member of the...

Peer Raben (born Wilhelm Rabenbauer; 3 July 1940 – 21 January 2007) was a German composer who worked with German filmmaker Rainer Werner Fassbinder. Raben...

A peer support specialist is a person with "lived experience" who has been trained to support those who struggle with mental health, psychological trauma...

Peer Nielsen (sometimes shown as Peer Norrbohm, born 25 June 1942) is a Danish sprint canoeist who competed in the early 1960s. He won the bronze medal...

darknet types are social networks (usually used for file hosting with a peer-to-peer connection), and anonymity proxy networks such as Tor via an anonymized...

Ralph Sylvester Peer (May 22, 1892 – January 19, 1960) was an American talent scout, recording engineer, record producer and music publisher in the 1920s...

Leta Peer (17 April 1964 – 13 February 2012) was a Swiss painter and fine art photographer. From 1984 to 1987, Peer studied painting at the School of Design...

Elizabeth Clow Peer Jansson (February 3, 1936 – May 26, 1984) was an American journalist who worked for Newsweek from 1958 until her death in 1984. She...

Peer Bork (4 May 1963 – 16 January 2026) was a German bioinformatician. He was Interim Director General of the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL)...

technical peer review is a well defined review process for finding and correcting defects conducted by a team of peers with assigned roles. Technical peer reviews...

YIFY Torrents or YTS (an acronym of Yiftach Swery) was a peer-to-peer release group known for distributing large numbers of movies as free downloads through...

Peers) Act 2026, they consisted of both life peers and hereditary peers, but now is solely composed of the former after the right of hereditary peers...

peer-to-peer foreign exchange (bureau de change) services to individual and corporate customers. Midpoint is the world’s first dedicated peer-to-peer...

Sham peer review or malicious peer review is a name given to the abuse of a medical peer review process to attack a doctor for personal or other non-medical...

Peer Community in (PCI) is a non-profit scientific organization that offers an editorial process of open science by creating specific communities of researchers...

Peer-to-peer web hosting involves using peer-to-peer networking to distribute access to webpages. This is differentiated from the client–server model,...

Peer Lisdorf (born 31 March 1967) is a Danish football coach and former footballer who played as a left midfielder, right midfielder, and a centre-forward...

Peer exchange, or PEX, is a communications protocol that augments the BitTorrent file sharing protocol. It allows a group of users (or peers) that are...

Asif Peer is the CEO and managing director of Pakistani software company Systems Ltd since 1 January 2013. Peer completed his bachelor's degree majored...

Naugaja Peer (Punjabi: ਨੌਂਗਜਾ ਪੀਰ) was a sufi saint revered in the Punjab region. His actually name is Syed Ibrahim Badshah or Syed Mohammad Ebrahim. He...

In the United Kingdom, representative peers were those peers elected by the members of the Peerage of Scotland and the Peerage of Ireland to sit in the...

Peer Muchalla is a town in Municipal Council Zirakpur in district Mohali in state of Punjab in India. It adjoins Sectors 20 and 21 of Panchkula. Proximity...

the term refers to members of the parliamentary group of non-political peers. They take their name from the crossbenches, between and perpendicular to...

Senior peer counseling, a.k.a. Peer counseling for seniors, provides senior citizens with a trained volunteer counselor to provide assistance with emotional...

and Ireland. Originally an element in the constitution of Ireland, with peers holding seats in the Irish House of Lords, it is now seen as one of the...

consensus to accept these changes. Blockchains are typically managed by a peer-to-peer (P2P) computer network for use as a public distributed ledger, where...

Look up peer review in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Peer review is the evaluation of work by one or more people with similar competencies as the producers...

Lords is not acquired by election. Most members are appointed for life as peers, on either a political or non-political basis. The House of Lords also includes...

the collaboration of computers, each of which acts as a node in the peer-to-peer bitcoin network. Each node maintains an independent copy of a public...

hybrid peer-to-peer and client–server system. It became entirely powered by Microsoft-operated supernodes in May 2012; in 2017, it changed from a peer-to-peer...

IBM Advanced Peer-to-Peer Networking (APPN) is an extension to the Systems Network Architecture (SNA) "that allows large and small computers to communicate...

server that assists in the communication between peers using the BitTorrent protocol. In peer-to-peer file sharing, a software client on an end-user PC...

Peer Zumbansen is the inaugural professor of business law at the faculty of law of McGill University. Before joining McGill in January 2021, Zumbansen...

Peer to Peer Remote Copy or PPRC is a protocol to replicate a storage volume to another control unit at a remote site. Synchronous PPRC causes each write...

Pir (Persian: پیر, romanized: pīr, lit. 'elder') or Peer is a title for a Sufi spiritual guide. They are also referred to as a Hazrat (from Arabic: حضرة...

Research Integrity and Peer Review is an international, open access, peer reviewed journal that was launched in 2016. It is published by BioMed Central...

Non-affiliated members of the House of Lords are peers who do not belong to any parliamentary group in the House of Lords of the United Kingdom. They...

Peer Åström (born in Ljusdal, Sweden) is a Swedish composer, lyricist, musician, and record producer and partner. He has collaborated with artists such...

Open peer review is the various possible modifications of the traditional scholarly peer review process. The three most common modifications to which...

Peer Augustinski (25 June 1940 – 3 October 2014) was a German actor who specialized in television and dubbing. He's also the father of Bernd Augustinski...

Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System was posted to a cryptography mailing list. This paper detailed methods of using a peer-to-peer network to...

Peer English is an academic journal established in 2006 and published annually by the Department of English at the University of Leicester and the English...

In software development, peer review is a type of software review in which a work product (document, code, or other) is examined by the author's colleagues...

PeerGuardian is a discontinued free and open source program developed by Phoenix Labs. It is capable of blocking incoming and outgoing connections based...

Peer M. Schatz (born August 3, 1965) is a Swiss and Austrian entrepreneur and executive in the life sciences. He was the chief executive officer of QIAGEN...

Fawzia Peer (née Asmal) is a South African politician and businesswoman. A member of the African National Congress, she was the Deputy Mayor of eThekwini...

Peer-led team learning (PLTL) is a model of teaching undergraduate science, math, and engineering courses that introduces peer-led workshops as an integral...

service similar to a traditional public utility, such as electricity." Peer-to-peer – A distributed architecture without the need for central coordination...

A dial peer, also termed addressable call endpoint, initiates or obtains calls within a telephone network. VoIP Session Initiation Protocol Foreign exchange...

Cogeco Peer 1, is a provider of services for data centers and cloud computing. The company is headquartered in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Peer 1 Network...

The Local Peer Discovery protocol, specified as BEP-14, is an extension to the BitTorrent file-distribution system. It is designed to support the discovery...

"Who's Afraid of Peer Review?" is an article written by Science correspondent John Bohannon that describes his investigation of peer review among fee-charging...

Dean Peer (born 8 August 1969) is an English former footballer who played as a midfielder for a variety of clubs in the Midlands. He made more than 350...

Berry van Peer (born 23 August 1996) is a Dutch darts player who competes in World Darts Federation (WDF) events and previously competed in Professional...

Television: The David Rubenstein Show: Peer to Peer Conversations and Bloomberg Wealth with David Rubenstein. Peer to Peer, which began airing in October 2016...

Herbert John Peer (November 12, 1910 – July 19, 1992) was a Canadian professional ice hockey right winger who played in one National Hockey League game...

Look up peer pressure in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Peer pressure refers to a process of social influence on an individual. Peer pressure may also...

Dan Peer (Hebrew: דן פאר) is a Professor and the Director of the Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine at Tel Aviv University (TAU). He is also the Vice...

Peer Impact was the name of a pay-for-download file-sharing service created by Wurld Media, Inc. As the name suggests, it utilized a peer-to-peer distribution...

Aadil Manzoor Peer (born 2 March 1997), popularly known as Syed Aadi, is an Indian international ice stock sport athlete. Known for his right-hand playing...

(1342–1404), count-peer of Flanders (1384–1404), duke-peer of Burgundy John the Fearless (1371–1419), count-peer of Flanders (1404–1419), duke-peer of Burgundy...

Petrus Johannes Maria "Peer" Mascini (23 March 1941 – 16 May 2019) was a Dutch actor and writer. He is well known for his work in Blind Date (1996) and...

Peer Fischer is a German robotics researcher, specializing in biological nanorobotics. He received a B.Sc. in Physics from Imperial College London. He...

Peer 2 Peer University (P2PU) is a nonprofit online open learning community which allows users to organize and participate in courses and study groups...

Jogi Pir, also spelt Joga Peer, is the jathera (ancestor-figure) for the Chahal Jats. The recorded version of the hagiographical tale claims Jogi Pir came...

Peer Baierlein (born 16 May 1972 in Stuttgart, West Germany) is a German musician and composer. Peer Baierlein started playing the accordion at the age...

Peercoin, also known as Peer-to-Peer Coin, PP Coin, or PPC, is a cryptocurrency utilizing both proof-of-stake and proof-of-work systems. It is notable...

The Chen Zhenyuan fake peer review scandal was an academic misconduct case that came to light in July 2014. The UK-based publisher SAGE Publications discovered...

Beverly Peer (October 7, 1912 – January 16, 1997) was an American jazz double-bassist. Peer played piano professionally early in his career before switching...

nobility used for children, former wives and other close relatives of a peer, as well as certain officials such as some judges and members of the Scottish...

The Paladins, also called the Twelve Peers (French: Douze Pairs), are twelve legendary knights, the foremost members of Charlemagne's court in the 8th...

Peer Kluge (born 22 November 1980) is a German former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. Kluge played for Chemnitzer FC, Borussia Mönchengladbach...

Peer Lilienthal (born 4 April 1979 in Hannover) is a German politician serving as a member of the Landtag of Lower Saxony since 2017. He has served as...

specific peer review requirements before the agencies publicly disseminate certain scientific information. These requirements were published in a Peer Review...

Peer-polity interaction is a concept in archaeological theory, developed by Colin Renfrew and John Cherry, to explain changes in society and material culture...

The Reluctant Peer is a 1964 comedy play by the British writer William Douglas Home. It was the latest in his series of political farces and appeared at...

Acts of Union in 1801, when it replaced the Peerage of Great Britain. New peers continued to be created in the Peerage of Ireland until 1898 (the last creation...

Hashim Peer Dastagir (Arabic: هاشم پیر دستگیر,) was an Indian Sufi saint belonging to the Qadri Shattari order. His shrine is in Bijapur, Karnataka, India...

Heinrich Peer (25 November 1867 – 13 May 1927) was an Austrian stage and film actor. He appeared in around a hundred films during the silent era. Where...

Lisa Peers (born 1956) is an Australian actor who has been active since the 1970s. Her best-known films include Sunday Too Far Away. She works in the...

Peer Mohamed Oliyullah Dargha is the Dargah of Sufi philosopher, and Tamil poet Peer Mohamed Appa located 35 km from Thuckalay. It is one of the most renowned...

valuation", is a process that consists of: identifying comparable assets (the peer group) and obtaining market values for these assets. converting these market...

Rafi Peerzada Shah, also known as Rafi Peer (21 March 1898 – 11 April 1974) was a Pakistani actor, playwright, and director. Rafi was a leading intellectual...

Pedophile peer-support forums (or pedophile support forums) are internet message boards and virtual communities that offer peer-support to people who...

Peer Ali Khan (1812 – 7 July 1857) was an Indian revolutionary and rebel, who participated in the Indian independence movement. He was given capital punishment...

Malan Island, also known as Peer Ghaib, is a mud volcano located in the Arabian Sea, 3 kilometres (1.9 miles) off the coast of Balochistan province of...

considered equivalent to the United Kingdom's practice of appointing life peers. Ramsay Robertson Dalgety (July 2008) Tevita Poasi Tupou (July 2008) Taniela...

Henry Smith, 5th Viscount Hambleden (born 18 November 1955) is a British peer, and descendant of the founders of the stationery group WH Smith. Smith is...

The concept of Extended peer community belongs to the field of Sociology of science, and in particular the use of science in the solution of social, political...

The Peer Distributed Transfer Protocol is an Internet file transfer protocol for distributing files from a central server across a peer-to-peer network...

accessible over the Internet; primarily via websites, FTP connections, peer-to-peer file sharing, or Usenet newsgroups. The greater accessibility of the...

Peer Bahora, is a village in the Bareilly District of Uttar Pradesh, India. "Basic Population Figures of India, States, Districts, Sub-District and Village...

uses of the work. The main focus of the open access movement has been on peer reviewed research literature, and more specifically on academic journals...

failure to be tried as temporal peers in the House of Lords, it remained unclear whether the Lords Spiritual were indeed peers. In 1688, the issue arose during...

Peer Gynt Sculpture Park (Peer Gynt-parken) is a sculpture park located in Oslo, Norway. The sculpture park was created in honour of the Norwegian writer...

Peer Smed (1878 – November 17, 1943) was a Danish-American silversmith and metalworker, active in New York City. Smed was born as Peer Schmidt in Copenhagen...

Gnutella is a peer-to-peer network protocol. Founded in 2000, it was the first decentralized peer-to-peer network of its kind, leading to other, later...

Josef Peer (13 June 1864 – 28 June 1925) was an Austrian lawyer and politician who served as the Governor of Liechtenstein from 1920 to 1921. Peer was born...

realism but also wrote lyrical epic works. His major works include Brand, Peer Gynt, Emperor and Galilean, A Doll's House, Ghosts, An Enemy of the People...

January 1908 Irish representative peer election was held to fill a vacancy among the 28 Irish representative peers at that time elected to the British...

Peer Posipal (born 3 July 1962, in Hamburg) is a German former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. He spent three seasons in the Bundesliga...

Peermusic is a United States–based independent music publisher. Ralph Peer, a field recording engineer and A&R representative for Victor Records, went...

GameOver ZeuS (GOZ), also known as peer-to-peer (P2P) ZeuS, ZeuS3, and GoZeus, is a Trojan horse developed by Russian cybercriminal Evgeniy Bogachev. Created...

Peer Name Resolution Protocol (PNRP) is a peer-to-peer protocol designed by Microsoft. PNRP enables dynamic name publication and resolution, and requires...

and business innovation. A leading thinker in the emerging field of peer-to-peer (P2P) theory, Bauwens founded the P2P Foundation, a global organization...

Hyphanet (until mid-2023: Freenet) is a peer-to-peer platform for censorship-resistant, anonymous communication. It uses a decentralized distributed data...

Peer victimization is harassment or bullying that occurs among members of the same peer group. It is often used to describe the experience among children...

Peer Health Exchange is an American non-profit health education organization based in Oakland, California. The organization trains college student volunteers...

The Josef Peer cabinet was the governing body of Liechtenstein from 15 September 1920 to 23 March 1921. It was appointed by Johann II and was chaired by...

PubPeer is a website that allows users to discuss and review scientific research after publication, i.e. post-publication peer review, established in...

British Peer was a 1428-ton three-masted iron sailing ship built for the British Shipowners Company at the Harland & Wolff yards in Belfast, Ireland, in...

Commons-based peer production (CBPP) is a term coined by Harvard Law School professor Yochai Benkler. It describes a model of socio-economic production...

This is a list of representative peers elected from the Peerage of Scotland to sit in the House of Lords after the Acts of Union 1707 abolished the unicameral...

appeared in 1180 during the Middle Ages. The prestigious title and position of Peer of France (French: Pair de France) was held by the greatest, highest-ranking...

Willie van Peer is professor emeritus in the Faculty of Languages and Literature at Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München in Munich, Germany. He is a...

Oscar Peer (23 April 1928 – 22 December 2013) was a Swiss novelist, playwright and philologist. His works were written in Romansch and German, and comprised...

William Peer (died June 1713) was a British actor. Peer owes the survival of his name to a humorous mention of his career by Steele in the ‘Guardian,’...

kay Adbi Israr o-Ramooz Tasawwuf wa Sulook Hayaat-E-Habib (A biography of Peer Ghulam Habib Nashbandi R.A) Ishq-E-Ilahi (Urdu)/ Love for Allah (English)...

Peer Gynt Road (Norwegian: Peer Gyntvegen) is a 57-kilometre (35 mi) long tourist mountain road, named for the folkloric character Per Gynt. It is a privately...

similar status in a business. Purportedly, peers can better relate to the disputants than an outsider. Peer mediation promotes social cohesion and aids...

The peer jury process is often used in the arts to assess applications for grants, proposals for exhibitions made in response to an open call for submissions...

Peer Kot (Urdu:پیرکوٹ) is a small village. in Wazirabad Tehsil, Gujranwala District, Punjab, Pakistan. Peer Kot has a population of over 7,000 and is...

Morgenstemning), commonly referred to simply as "Morning", is part of Edvard Grieg's Peer Gynt, Op. 23, written in 1875 as incidental music to Henrik Ibsen's play...

Peer Pedersen is an American film producer known for producing the films Lucky Them and Live at the Foxes Den, as well the documentary Finders Keepers...

A Youth with a Jug also called Boy peering into an earthenware tankard is a c. 1631–1633 oil painting by Judith Leyster currently in a private collection...

Previously he worked for Scour, a peer-to-peer file sharing application company, and was the co-founder of Red Swoosh, a peer-to-peer content delivery network...

process of computer peer-to-peer communication that is based on the way epidemics spread. Some distributed systems use peer-to-peer gossip to ensure that...

expense depending upon the size and type of the site. Peer-to-peer web hosting involves using peer-to-peer networking to distribute access to webpages. This...

Peer Media Technologies, Inc. is an Artistdirect subsidiary created in 2009 as a merger of MediaDefender and MediaSentry, after the reputations of the...

Peer Steinbrück (born 10 January 1947) is a German politician who was the Chancellor-candidate of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) in the 2013 federal...

postprints (known as e-prints) approved for posting after moderation, but not peer reviewed. It consists of scientific papers in the fields of mathematics,...

data mining, indexing, and query processing is distributed among several peers in a decentralized manner where there is no single point of control. Started...

Turtle was a free anonymous peer-to-peer network project being developed at the Vrije Universiteit in Amsterdam, involving professor Andrew Tanenbaum....

Peer Borsky (born 5 November 1990) is a Swiss épée fencer, team bronze medallist in the 2014 World Fencing Championships and team European champion in...

LimeWire is a free peer-to-peer file sharing client for Windows, Mac OS X, Linux, and Solaris. Created by Mark Gorton in 2000, it was most prominently...

Soulseek is a peer-to-peer (P2P) file sharing network and application. It is known mostly for the exchange of music, though it can be used for other file...

refereed papers. Since its inception in 2013, ICLR has employed an open peer review process to referee paper submissions (based on models proposed by...

Peer Review Week is an annual scholarly communication event celebrating the value of peer review. It has taken place globally every September since 2015...

to exploit a number of bugs in peer-to-peer servers to initiate DDoS attacks. The most aggressive of these peer-to-peer-DDoS attacks exploits the DC++...

download and contribute magnet links and torrent files, which facilitate peer-to-peer file sharing among users of the BitTorrent protocol. ExtraTorrent was...

after 2000. Apart from retired Lords Spiritual and the surviving hereditary peers excluded under the House of Lords Act 1999, including the Marquess of Cholmondeley...

large-scale, distributed, persistent storage system based on the Pastry peer-to-peer overlay network. Pastry (DHT) (PAST section) A. Rowstron and P. Druschel...

Peer Hultberg (8 November 1935 – 20 December 2007) was a Danish author and psychoanalyst. Peer Hultberg was born in Vangede northwest of Copenhagen and...

Peer Mohammed Hussain Soharvardi (born 12 April 1948) is an Indian politician and former minister of state in the erstwhile state of Jammu and Kashmir...

Intersex Peer Support Australia (IPSA), also known as the Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome Support Group Australia, is possibly the oldest known intersex...

based on the principle that high levels of one attribute amongst one's peers can have spillover effects on an individual. "This social multiplier can...

San Francisco's SoMa district and is headed by its former editor-in-chief, Peer Schneider. The IGN website was created by the media entrepreneur Chris Anderson...

school and sixth form located in Littlemore, Oxford, England. Formerly Peers School, it was re-opened as an Academy in September 2008 and is the state...

Classwide Peer Tutoring (CWPT) is a variation of peer-mediated instruction that has been used in elementary, middle school, and high school classrooms...

Douglas and Clydesdale until 2010, is a Scottish nobleman and the premier peer of Scotland. Douglas-Hamilton was born in Edinburgh, the son of Angus Douglas-Hamilton...

"Douglas Peers". "Doug Peers". 3 October 2023. "Douglas M. Peers". "Douglas Peers". 3 August 2012. Wainwright, A. (2014). Douglas M. Peers and Nandini...

PeerBlock is a free and open-source personal firewall that blocks packets coming from, or going to, a maintained list of blacklisted hosts. PeerBlock is...

Internet access in developing countries has opened up new possibilities for peer-to-peer charities, which allow individuals to contribute small amounts to charitable...

Peer Kusmagk (born 14 June 1975 in West Berlin) is a German actor and television host. After his graduation, he lived for three years in different countries...

parent. Peer groups are essential to social and general development. Communication with peers increases significantly during adolescence and peer relationships...

Ian Henry Russell, 15th Duke of Bedford (born 30 March 1962), is a British peer and landowner. His main estate is based at Woburn Abbey in Bedfordshire....

designed for peer-to-peer file sharing using the BitTorrent protocol. The BitTorrent protocol coordinates segmented file transfer among peers connected in...

This is a list of peer-reviewed, English language academic journals in public relations. Asia Pacific Public Relations Journal, Deakin University, Australia...

Peer Gynt is a surviving 1915 American fantasy silent film directed by Oscar Apfel and Raoul Walsh and adapted from the Henrik Ibsen play by Oscar Apfel...

applications whose sole function is sharing images, generally using peer-to-peer networking. Basic image sharing functionality can be found in applications...

source resources can be based on open collaboration, a decentralized and peer-to-peer model of production. Open source resources are a shared component across...

The Peer Sessions is the fifty-fourth studio album by American recording artist Merle Haggard released on the Audium label in 2002. The old pop and country...

Night, Beggar's Opera and Peer Gynt among others. On stage roles included Alex DeLarge in A Clockwork Orange, Peer Gynt in Peer Gynt, Orestes in Electra...

coordinates weekly peer-to-peer support groups for men in the UK. It aims to help and improve mental health in men through self-help peer-to-peer interaction...

PeeringDB is a freely available, user-maintained, database of networks, and the go-to location for interconnection data. The database facilitates the...

Iolanthe; or, The Peer and the Peri (/aɪ.oʊˈlænθi/) is a comic opera with music by Arthur Sullivan and libretto by W. S. Gilbert, first performed in 1882...

laughing. Bullying in school and in the workplace is also referred to as "peer abuse". Robert W. Fuller has analyzed bullying in the context of rankism...

Peer Jöchel (born 6 March 1967 in Kiel) is a German bobsledder who competed in the early 1990s. He won a gold medal in the two-man event at the 1993 FIBT...

Unity is peer education project started in 1996 by Jaap Jamin at the large Amsterdam-based addiction prevention and treatment organisation Jellinek. It...

from an eBGP peer are re-advertised to all iBGP and eBGP peers. New routes learned from an iBGP peer are re-advertised to all eBGP peers only. These route-propagation...

Voice peering, or VoIP peering, is when two independent Internet phone providers (ITSP) connect their networks directly using VoIP. This allows calls to...

production from DJ Premier & Large Professor. The album produced the two singles "Peer Pressure" and "Hit It from the Back". Upon its release the album failed to...

Peers Lee Carter (5 December 1916 – 8 February 2001) was a British diplomat. He was Ambassador to Afghanistan from 1968 to 1972. His role helping to organise...

John Anthony Peers (7 December 1946 – 23 July 2025) was a British actor and comedian. Peers was born on 7 December 1946 in Wigan, Greater Manchester. Tony...

Budhan Shah (died 1643; پیر بدھن علی شاہ), also called Baba Budhan Ali Shah, Peer Baba, and Sayyed Shamsuddin, was a venerated Sufi pir who held a religious...

is an OMNeT++-based open-source simulation framework for overlay and peer-to-peer networks, developed at the Institute of Telematics, Karlsruhe Institute...

before 1973 and as Marquess of Lorne between 1973 and 2001, is a Scottish peer. The family's main seat is Inveraray Castle, although the Duke and Duchess...

virtual net metering (also called peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading, wheeling and sometimes local energy trading). Peer-to-peer energy trading is a novel paradigm...

NAT; it supports the connection of a user behind a NAT to only a single peer, as in telephony, for example. TURN is specified by RFC 8656. The TURN URI...

Holly Jade Peers (born 30 July 1987) is an English glamour model born in Salford, Greater Manchester, England. She began modelling in 2009 when she was...

Peer-to-Patent Australia was an initiative designed to improve the patent examination process and the quality of issued patents by connecting the review...

Wentworth, styled Viscount Ockham (12 May 1836 – 1 September 1862) was a British peer and the eldest of the three legitimate grandchildren of poet Lord Byron....

Payments Interface (UPI) in India and PayNow in Singapore. The app supports peer-to-peer (P2P) transfers, in-store payments via NFC, online purchases, and bill...

A by-election for a Scottish representative peer took place on 1 October 1958 at the Palace of Holyroodhouse in Edinburgh. The election was caused by the...

BearShare was a peer-to-peer-file-sharing-application originally created by Free Peers, Inc. for Microsoft Windows and also a rebranded version of iMesh...

systems, domain name services, instant messaging, multicast, and also peer-to-peer file sharing and content distribution systems. Notable distributed networks...

Viscount Knutsford (19 March 1855 – 27 July 1931) was a British barrister and peer. Knutsford was the eldest twin son of the Conservative politician Henry Holland...

(PDUs) between two parties, through what is known as peer-to-peer networking (also known as peer-to-peer communication). As a result, the OSI reference model...

by building a peer-to-peer overlay network that would employ peer-to-peer caching to accelerate content distribution and peer-to-peer routing to make...

P2PTV refers to peer-to-peer (P2P) software applications designed to redistribute video streams in real time on a P2P network; the distributed video streams...

networking, a peer group is a group of functional units in the same layer (see e.g. OSI model) of a network, by analogy with peer group. Peer-to-peer (P2P) networking...

Peer Maqbool Shah Kralawari (1820–1877) پیر مقبول شاہ کرالہ واری was a poet of the 19th-century Kashmiri literature. Educated in Persian literature and...

(/ˈtʃɑːrtərɪs/; born 22 June 1948), also known as Jamie Neidpath, is a British peer and landowner. Wemyss is the second son of Francis David Charteris, 12th...

DC++ is a free and open-source, peer-to-peer file-sharing client that can be used for connecting to the Direct Connect network or to the ADC protocol....

Brabourne (born 8 October 1947), known until 2005 as Lord Romsey, is a British peer. He is a second cousin of King Charles III. Mountbatten was born at King's...

Zhou confederation, but with different titles such as Tonghou (通侯, marquis-peer), Zhigui (執珪, jade scepter bearer), Zhibo (執帛, silk bearer). Their political...

courtesy title, as noted above. If a daughter of a peer or courtesy peer marries another peer or courtesy peer, she takes her husband's rank. If she marries...

Baron Wood of Anfield (born 25 March 1968) is a British Labour Party life peer who has served as Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Europe since...

relationship or social interaction. The topic includes interpersonal rejection (or peer rejection), romantic rejection, and familial estrangement. A person can be...

13th Earl of Montgomery CVO (9 January 1906 – 16 March 1969) was a British peer. Herbert was the son of Reginald Herbert, 15th Earl of Pembroke and Beatrice...

a client–server model, but can as easily be used in peer-to-peer relationships where both peers consider the other to be a potential time source. Implementations...

meetings and institutes for campus teams and publishes reports and monographs. Peer Review was a quarterly magazine published by the association from 2000 to...

4 January 2011. "Shahar Peer". Fedcup.com. Archived from the original on 19 April 2016. Retrieved 28 July 2014. "Shahar PEER," ITF Tennis. "Tennis, anyone...

centralized peer-to-peer system, requiring a central server for indexing and peer discovery. It is generally credited as being the first peer-to-peer file sharing...

The organizing principle behind open collaboration is that of peer production. Peer production communities are structured in an entirely decentralized...

California, Berkeley, where graduate student John M. Barrie developed an online peer-review system that later evolved into plagiarism-detection software. To commercialize...

grouping, or list their vehicles with a separate car sharing facilitator (peer-to-peer). Car sharing is part of a larger trend of shared mobility. Car sharing...

Anonymous peer review may refer to: An anonymous scholarly peer review (as opposed to an open one) Any form of peer review that has some form of anonymity...

Peer Michael Portner (January 8, 1940 – February 9, 2009) was a heart researcher whose work led to the development of the ventricular assist device, an...

Pickle is an American peer-to-peer fashion rental and resale marketplace founded in 2022 by Julia O'Mara and Brian McMahon. It is headquartered in New...

a website that provided torrent files and magnet links to facilitate peer-to-peer file sharing using the BitTorrent protocol. From 2014 to 2023, RARBG...

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences is a biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the Royal Society. The editor-in-chief...

Peer Pressure is an American television game show. Youth contestants perform stunts and answer questions about moral dilemmas. The show aired in syndication...

Peer Moberg (born 14 February 1971) is a Norwegian sailor and Olympic medalist. He competed at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, where he received a...

Peer Gynt is a 1998 theatrical adaptation of Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen's classic play Peer Gynt by American playwright David Henry Hwang and Swiss...

5 July 1732), styled Lord Brudenell between 1698 and 1703, was a British peer. He was the son of Francis Brudenell, Lord Brudenell, son and heir of Robert...

Look up Peers in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Peers is a surname and a masculine given name. Notable people with the name include: Alfie peers (2009-2026)...

The Journal of Contemporary History is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering the study of history in all parts of the world since 1930. It...

2017, followed by a son in 2018 and another son in 2020. Studio albums Peer Tasi (Album Habchora) (2013) Kocha Shel Ahava (2015) Ma Nashim Rozot (2016)...

by CAB International alongside an international consortium. It comprises peer-reviewed datasheets, images, and maps, a bibliographic database, and full...

titled The Greens Are Gone, is an American drama film written and directed by Peer Pedersen. It stars Catherine Keener, Riley Keough, Maya Rudolph, Molly Shannon...

possible in peer-to-peer networking. This is most commonly used for interactive media such as Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), peer-to-peer communications...

The European Journal of Clinical Nutrition is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering nutrition science and published by the Springer Nature....

Mound of Dam Dam Peer (Bengali: দমদম পীরের ঢিবি) is an ancient archaeological heritage at Manirampur Upazila of Jessore District in the Division of Khulna...

The Adventure of the Peerless Peer is a 1974 adventure pastiche novel written by Philip Jose Farmer, writing as Dr. John H. Watson, about the meeting of...

Karnail Singh Peer Mohammad (Punjabi: ਕਰਨੈਲ ਸਿੰਘ ਪੀਰ ਮੁਹੰਮਦ) is an Indian Sikh politician and former President of All India Sikh Students Federation. As...

This article is a list of hereditary peers who are or have been members of the House of Lords by virtue of a life peerage under the Appellate Jurisdiction...

Reginald Grey, 5th Earl of Kent (before 1541 – 17 March 1573) was an English peer. He was a son of Henry Grey (1520–1545) and Margaret St John. His paternal...

An anonymous P2P communication system is a peer-to-peer distributed application in which the nodes, which are used to share resources, or participants...

Jami is a telecommunications platform for peer-to-peer and distributed videotelephony, videoconferencing, and voice calls. Jami is free and open-source...

PLOS One (stylized PLOS ONE, and formerly PLoS ONE) is a peer-reviewed open access mega journal published by the Public Library of Science (PLOS) since...

September 1967), styled Lord Bingham until 2016, is a British hereditary peer. George Charles Bingham, 8th Earl of Lucan, was born on 21 September 1967...

Peer Khizer Hayat Shah Khagga is a Pakistani politician who was a Member of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab, from October 2011 to May 2018 and from...

Visual Peer Review was first described in a 2017 classroom study by Friedman and Rosen, which examined how students evaluate peer-produced data visualizations...

This is a glossary of jargon related to peer-to-peer file sharing via the BitTorrent protocol. BitTorrent at Wikipedia's sister projects Definitions from...

A medical journal is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that communicates medical information to physicians and other health professionals. Journals that...

Philip Wharton, 3rd Baron Wharton (1555–1625) was an English peer of the Wharton barony. He was born on 23 June 1555. Wharton was named after his godfather...

Huang, Sui (2013). "When peers are not peers and don't know it: The Dunning-Kruger effect and self-fulfilling prophecy in peer-review". BioEssays. 35 (5):...

traversal techniques are required for many network applications, such as peer-to-peer file sharing and voice over IP. Network address translation typically...

Wi-Fi devices needs to be compliant with Wi-Fi Direct to establish a peer-to-peer connection. Wi-Fi Direct negotiates the link with a Wi-Fi Protected Setup...

known as casual carpooling Illegal taxi operation Mobility as a service Peer-to-peer carsharing, where customers drive themselves in cars rented from individual...

using a distributed revision control system as a backend of the wiki, in peer-to-peer style. With this approach, there is no central store of the wiki's content;...

the copyright owner making a profit, the practice has been compared to peer-to-peer (P2P) systems such as BitTorrent—except that hard-copy original analog...

implement peer-tutoring programs in schools. Students placed in ESL program learn together along with other non-English speakers; however, by using peer tutoring...

Interdisciplinary Peer Review (IPR) is a peer review process with an additional focus outside of the area of the author's subject of expertise. Disciplines...

JXTA (Juxtapose) was an open-source peer-to-peer protocol specification begun by Sun Microsystems in 2001. The JXTA protocols were defined as a set of...

client-queue-client network, peers communicate with each other directly. In peer-to-peer networking, an algorithm in the peer-to-peer communications protocol...

Murray, 7th Lord Elibank (24 April 1747 – 24 September 1820) was a Scottish peer. Elibank was the son of Reverend Gideon Murray, younger son of Alexander...

Widdrington, 4th Baron Widdrington (1678 – 19 April 1743) was an English peer who was stripped of his titles by the Crown for being involved in the Jacobite...

The novel was published as Death of a Peer in the United States. The plot concerns the murder of a British peer, a theme to which Marsh would return....

the advent of the Internet works in the genre have been circulated via peer-to-peer file sharing. Purported to be translations of English-language books...

Bitmessage is a decentralized, encrypted, peer-to-peer, trustless communications protocol that can be used by one person to send encrypted messages to...

States. The peer-based, Philadelphia-based non-profit association was founded in 1887. It is a voluntary organization that performs peer evaluation and...

began as the world's first peer-to-peer lending company in 2005 and gained a full banking licence in 2020. The peer-to-peer side of its business closed...

The African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM) is a mutually agreed instrument voluntarily acceded to by the member states of the African Union (AU) as a self-monitoring...

general medical journal that uses pre-publication peer-review and an optional post-publication peer review. Its founding editors-in-chief are John R....

Hydrobiologia, The International Journal of Aquatic Sciences, is a peer-reviewed scientific journal publishing 21 issues per year, for a total of well...

Dawnay, 4th Viscount Downe (9 April 1728 – 21 December 1780), was a British peer and Whig politician. Dawnay was the younger son of John Dawnay, eldest son...

company headquartered in San Francisco, California. It was the first peer-to-peer lender to register its offerings as securities with the Securities and...

psychological hypothesis that states that people tend not to be attracted to peers with whom they lived like siblings before the age of six. This hypothesis...

procurement Social peer-to-peer processes, interactions with a peer-to-peer dynamic All pages with titles containing P2P Peer-to-peer (disambiguation) Point-to-point...

Osiris) is a freeware program used to create web portals distributed via peer-to-peer networking (P2P) and autonomous from centralized servers. It is available...

provided a directory for torrent files and magnet links to facilitate peer-to-peer file sharing using the BitTorrent protocol. It was founded in 2008 and...

Peer Gynt is a 1934 German drama film directed by Fritz Wendhausen and starring Hans Albers, Lucie Höflich and Marieluise Claudius. It is based on the...

The issue of peer disagreement in epistemology discusses the question of how a person should respond when he learns that somebody else with the same body...

PeerTracker is a free (licensed as GPL) BitTorrent peer tracker software written in PHP that is designed to be fast and to have a low consumption of system...

Stafford, 2nd Baron Stafford (before 1527 – 8 April 1566) was an English peer in the peerage of England and MP. Henry Stafford was the eldest surviving...

water Locke (disambiguation) LOCKSS (Lots of Copies Keep Stuff Safe), a peer-to-peer network Lox, cured salmon filet Lock and Key (disambiguation) This disambiguation...

Australia and New Zealand. The company was established in 2014 to introduce peer-to-peer lending to New Zealand. Harmoney provides personal loans and has issued...

Kademlia is a distributed hash table for decentralized peer-to-peer computer networks designed by Petar Maymounkov and David Mazières in 2002. It specifies...

known as peer review, ensures the quality, validity, and reliability of the research before it becomes part of the scientific literature. Peer-reviewed...

Grey, 9th Earl of Stamford (18 April 1850 – 24 May 1910) was an English peer. Grey was born in Newfoundland, the son of Revd. William Grey and Harriet...

Open, its open access division, has received criticism for questionable peer-review practices as well as invitation spam; it was listed as a "potential...

Cork and 7th Earl of Orrery (21 November 1742 – 30 May 1798) was an Irish peer and Somerset landowner. A younger son of the 5th Earl of Cork and Margaret...

Science Advances is a peer-reviewed multidisciplinary open-access scientific journal established in early 2015 and published by the American Association...

(1698 – 8 March 1748), styled Viscount Montgomery until 1745, was an English peer. The only son of William Herbert, 2nd Marquess of Powis and his wife Mary...

Detweiler on the Cypherpunks mailing list and used in the literature on peer-to-peer systems for the same class of attacks prior to 2002, but this term did...

A teen court (sometimes called youth court or peer court) is a problem-solving court within the juvenile justice system where teens charged with certain...

James Blount, 6th Baron Mountjoy (c. 1533 – 1582) was an English peer. Blount was born circa 1533 in Barnstaple, Devon, the eldest son of Charles Blount...

Francis Napier, 6th Lord Napier (né Scott) (c. 1702 – 1773) was a Scottish peer. Born Francis Scott c. 1702, he was the son of Sir William Scott, 2nd Baronet...

20 May 1964), styled Viscount Althorp between 1975 and 1992, is a British peer, author, journalist, and broadcaster. He is the younger brother of Diana...

of a scholarly or scientific paper that precedes formal peer review and publication in a peer-reviewed scholarly or scientific journal. The preprint may...

SHAREit is a peer-to-peer file sharing, content streaming and gaming platform that supports online and offline sharing of files and contents. It allows...

PeerJ is both a for profit, open access, and peer-reviewed scientific mega journal covering research in the biological and medical sciences and the publisher...

primarily on the basis of the lowest price for a particular product. Peer-to-peer (P2P) online marketplaces enable direct transactions between individuals...

September 1935 – 20 October 2022) was a British medical doctor and hereditary peer. Like his father, Trevor Stamp, 3rd Baron Stamp, he was educated at The Leys...

Wynn, 2nd Baron Newborough (3 April 1802 – 15 November 1832) was a British peer. Newborough was the elder son of Thomas Wynn, 1st Baron Newborough of Glynllifon...

The Journal of Marital and Family Therapy is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the American Association...

(Afrikaans title: Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir plantkunde) is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering all aspects of botany as related to...

Conservative life peer. He is the son of the former Next chairman, David Wolfson, Baron Wolfson of Sunningdale, who was also a Conservative life peer. Wolfson's...

Baring, 6th Baron Revelstoke (16 August 1938 – 7 February 2012) was a British peer. He was the second son of Rupert Baring, 4th Baron Revelstoke, and the former...

Peer de Silva (June 26, 1917 – August 13, 1978) was a station chief in the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). A 1941 West Point graduate, during World...

the Lords Spiritual. Since April 2026, all Lords Temporal have been life peers, and all but six (discussed below) hold their peerages pursuant to the Life...

2nd-in-command of the organization, after Syed Salahuddin, Bashir Ahmad Peer was shot dead outside a shop in Rawalpindi, Pakistan, by two bike-borne assailants...

servers, routers, and embedded devices to securely connect to zero-trust peer-to-peer virtual networks. ZeroTier also helps enterprises and public-sector organizations...

thereafter, almost all new peers were life peers only. The House of Lords Act 1999 removed the automatic right of hereditary peers to sit in the House of...

hereditary peers shall consist of: 2 peers to be elected by the Labour hereditary peers 42 peers to be elected by the Conservative hereditary peers 3 peers to...

politician. A member of the Bonham-Carter family, he was created a life peer in 1986. Bonham-Carter was the son of the Liberal activists Sir Maurice Bonham-Carter...

between 1984 and 1986, is a British Conservative Party politician, Hereditary Peer and former Member of the European Parliament. Stockton was born in 1943 in...

Geophysical Research Letters is a biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal of geoscience published by the American Geophysical Union that was established...

William of Salisbury, 2nd Earl of Salisbury (died 1196) was an Anglo-Norman peer. Though he is generally known as such, his proper title was Earl of Wiltshire...

Tapestry peer-to-peer system offers efficient, scalable, self-repairing, location-aware routing to nearby resources. The first generation of peer-to-peer applications...

The BMJ is a biweekly peer-reviewed medical journal, published by BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, which in turn is wholly owned by the British Medical Association...

Viscount Astor (born 27 December 1951) is an English businessman, hereditary peer, politician and former member of the House of Lords who sat as Conservative...

Osborne, 3rd Duke of Leeds (11 November 1691 – 9 May 1731) was a British peer. He was the second son of Peregrine, Earl of Danby and his wife, the former...

server or client systems. Network hosts may also function as nodes in peer-to-peer applications, in which all nodes share and consume resources in an equipotent...

The American Journal of Physics is a monthly, peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the American Association of Physics Teachers and the American...

Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography, abbreviated JCAT, is a bimonthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering medical imaging, with a particular focus...

Annals of Telecommunications is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Springer Science+Business Media on behalf of the Institut Mines-Télécom...

Little Eaton, 8th Baronet (born 10 October 1982), is a British hereditary peer and member of the House of Lords who sits as a crossbencher. He is an engineer...

Growing Pains (2017). This was followed by the release of two further EPs, Peer Pressure (2018) and Near Life Experience: Part 1 (2021). After parting from...

of Airlie, KT, GCVO, MC (18 July 1893 – 28 December 1968) was a Scottish peer, soldier and courtier. He was the father-in-law of Princess Alexandra, The...

Arthur Jones, 2nd Viscount Ranelagh (died 1669) was an Irish peer and politician who sat in both the Irish House of Commons and the English House of Commons...

January 1608 – 22 December 1684) was an English politician, soldier and peer. Hawley was the son of Sir Henry Hawley of Wiveliscombe and Elizabeth, the...

Dead, Grenland Friteater, 2004 Peer Gynt i Grenland, Grenland Friteater, Teater Ibsen og Kinesiske dansere, 2004 Peer Gynt (培尔·金特), Grenland Friteater...

on the Winamp media player application and for inventing the Gnutella peer-to-peer network. Frankel is also the founder of Cockos Incorporated, which creates...

of peer-to-peer (P2P) networks, created by Michael Christen in 2003. The engine is written in Java and distributed on several hundred "YaCy-peer" computers...

The House of Lords (Hereditary Peers) Act 2026 (c. 12), sometimes referred to during passage as the Hereditary Peers Bill, is an act of the Parliament...

Pharmacy and Therapeutics (P&T) is a peer-reviewed journal of hospital formulary management. Established in 1990 by CORE Medical Journals, it has been...

The Sternberg peer review controversy concerns the conflict arising from the publication of an article supporting pseudoscientific intelligent design creationism...

excepted hereditary peers were held in October and November 1999, before the House of Lords Act 1999 excluded most hereditary peers from the membership...

copyrighted in his name. In 1927, the trio auditioned for record producer Ralph Peer and subsequently began their recording career with Victor. The tracks have...

8 April 1812), styled Viscount St Asaph from 1730 to 1737, was a British peer and courtier. Ashburnham was the only son of John Ashburnham, 1st Earl of...

American company that operates a community banking platform, which includes peer-to-peer lending. The company was founded in 2018, and is based in Los Angeles...

Caryll Molyneux, 3rd Viscount Molyneux (1623/24 – 1700) was an English peer. He was the younger son of Richard Molyneux, 1st Viscount Molyneux and Mary...

Supplemental instruction (SI) is an academic support model that uses peer learning to improve university student retention and student success in high-attrition...

website is used as a way to reinforce habits among members by facilitating peer-to-peer support within these groups. Some individuals that take part in other...

Retired d = Defaulted Ayumi Morita replaced Israeli Shahar Pe'er who was denied a visa. Israeli Peer refused Dubai visa, BBC Sport, 15 February 2009. Draw...

eDonkey2000 network or eD2k) is a decentralized, mostly server-based, peer-to-peer file-sharing network created in 2000 by US developers Jed McCaleb and...

among peers and tends to break down social barriers with their classmates. It helps create a collaborative learning environment in which peers feel less...

A distributed social network (not to be confused with a decentralized or federated social network) is a network wherein all participating social networking...

McCaleb is also known for creating the Mt. Gox bitcoin exchange, and the peer-to-peer eDonkey and Overnet networks as well as the eDonkey2000 application....

John Poulett, 3rd Baron Poulett (c. 1641 – June 1679), was an English peer. Poulett was the son of John Poulett, 2nd Baron Poulett, by Catharine Vere,...

Stansgate of Holland Park (born 21 August 1951), is a British hereditary peer and Labour member of the House of Lords. In May 2026, it was announced that...

February 1732 Aghold – Palmerston 24 June 1788) was a suo jure hereditary peer. She is an ancestress of Katharine, Duchess of Kent. Christiana (Christina)...

other capability which is often implemented using a client–server or peer-to-peer architecture based on application layer network protocols. Each service...

January 1950), styled as Viscount Campden between 1950 and 2009, is a British peer. Lord Gainsborough was born on 17 January 1950. He was the eldest son of...

decentralized peer-to-peer networking is implemented in a manner that adds more control and performance features than traditional peer-to-peer networks such...

Wormleighton (1591 – 19 December 1636) was an English nobleman, politician, and peer from the Spencer family. Spencer was the second son of Robert Spencer, 1st...

FFDs and can never act as coordinators. Networks can be built as either peer-to-peer or star networks. However, every network needs at least one FFD to work...

3rd Baron Southampton (28 September 1804 – 16 July 1872) was a British peer. The son of George FitzRoy, 2nd Baron Southampton, he succeeded his father...

2nd Earl of Eldon (10 December 1805 – 18 September 1854) was a British peer and Tory politician. Eldon was the only child of John Scott (8 March 1774...

Edward Parker, 12th Baron Morley (c. 1550 – 1618) was an English peer, Lord of Morley, Hingham, Hockering, &c., in Norfolk, the son of Henry Parker, 11th...

Earl of Chesterfield (3 February 1673 – 27 January 1726) was an English peer. He was the eldest son of Philip Stanhope, 2nd Earl of Chesterfield, by his...

Code Co-op is the peer-to-peer revision control system made by Reliable Software. Code Co-op is a distributed revision control system of the replicated...

Life Than Dancing?, released by Virgin Records in 1979. Her next album, Peer Pressure, was released on March 29, 1982 on the Scotti Brothers label and...

the great officers, direct vassals of the Crown of France, with the title peer of France. They represent the primitive constituents of elective monarchy...

Master of Lauderdale and Viscount Maitland from 1968 to 2008, is a Scottish peer. Maitland is the son of Patrick Maitland, 17th Earl of Lauderdale, and his...

2023), styled as Viscount Chelsea until 1997, was a British billionaire peer and landowner. Cadogan was the son of William Gerald Charles Cadogan, 7th...

English political theorist, academic, social commentator, and Labour life peer in the House of Lords. He is a senior lecturer in Political Theory at London...

Film & History: An Interdisciplinary Journal is a peer-reviewed academic journal founded in 1970 and dedicated to the interdisciplinary study of film,...

Network, is an IRC computer network which was previously used to discuss peer-directed projects. Their servers are accessible from the hostname chat.freenode...

Scottish peer, politician and the current chief of Clan Boyle. The family seat is Kelburn Castle in Ayrshire. He sat as a Liberal Democrat peer in the House...

Péťa (diminutive) Danish: Peter, Peder, Per, Peer, Pelle Dutch: Pieter, Peter, Piet, Pier (Note: The form "Peer" also occurs, albeit less commonly.) Emiliano-Romagnolo:...

though not all, are based on some form of peer review or editorial refereeing to qualify texts for publication. Peer review quality and selectivity standards...

Baron Godolphin (2 November 1706 – 25 May 1785) was a British politician and peer. He was the eldest surviving son of Henry Godolphin, provost of Eton and...

Kildare (1661 – 9 November 1707), styled Lord Offaly until 1664, was an Irish peer. Kildare was the son of Wentworth FitzGerald, 17th Earl of Kildare, and Lady...

Kademlia-based distributed hash table (DHT) used by BitTorrent clients to find peers via the BitTorrent protocol. The idea of using a DHT for distributed tracking...

Peer Pleasure is an album by saxophonist Jimmy Heath featuring performances recorded in 1987 and released on the Landmark label. Scott Yanow at Allmusic...

television sets and home audio systems. AirPlay works through either a direct peer-to-peer connection between devices or through an infrastructure local network...

"operas: Columbus (1933 radio, 1942 stage); Die Zaubergeige (1935, rev. 1954); *Peer Gynt (1938); Circe (1945, rev. 1966 as 17 Tage und 4 Minuten); *Irische Legende...

The Journal of Hand Surgery (American Volume) is a peer-reviewed medical journal that addresses the "diagnosis, treatment, and pathophysiology of diseases...

aMule is a free peer-to-peer file sharing utility that works with the eDonkey network and the Kad network, offering similar features to eMule and adding...

terminology. BitTorrent peers have a limited number of upload slots to allocate to other peers. Consequently, when a peer's upload bandwidth is saturated...

domestic servant with the job of guarding the main entrance to the estate. Peer review is a practice widely used by specialized journals that publish articles...

Osteoarthritis and Cartilage is monthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering research in orthopedics and rheumatology. It is an official journal of the...

Current Pharmaceutical Design is a peer-reviewed medical journal which covers issues related to pharmacology and medicinal chemistry. Each issue is devoted...

chairperson of the Labour Party of the House of Lords. The Labour Party peers elect the Leader of the Labour Party in the House of Lords. When the Labour...

Marquess of Tweeddale (6 August 1947 – 1 February 2005), was a Scottish peer, a member of the House of Lords. Hay was the elder of twin sons of David...

Rhys, 10th Baron Dynevor (born 19 November 1966), is a British hereditary peer. He was educated at Bryanston School and at the University of East Anglia...

fashion to discuss various topics at group meetings and the presentation of peer-reviewed papers in poster or platform presentations. The ACC also sponsored...

Franziska Peer (born 6 May 1987) is an Austrian sport shooter. She participated at the 2018 ISSF World Shooting Championships, winning a medal. At the...

different type of wireless network where stations communicate peer-to-peer. In a peer-to-peer network wireless devices within range of each other can discover...

10th Earl of Huntingdon PC (13 March 1729 – 2 October 1789) was a British peer and politician. He was the eldest of seven children of the 9th Earl of Huntingdon...

Henry Noel, 6th Earl of Gainsborough (1743 – 8 April 1798) was an English peer. He inherited the earldom in 1759, on the death of his brother, Baptist Noel...

academic journals published by MDPI. As of September 2022, MDPI publishes 399 peer-reviewed academic journals and nine conference journals. Contents A B C D...

offers digital payments services for consumers and businesses, including peer-to-peer transfers, payment links, QR and NFC (Tap to Pay) acceptance, and a payment...

Alexander Fraser, 4th Lord Lovat (1527 – 1557/1558) was a Scottish peer and Chief of Clan Fraser of Lovat from 1544 until 1557. He succeeded to the chiefship...

sat in the House of Lords as one of the original 28 Irish representative peers; he was also involved in a much-publicised divorce following an action for...

Templetown (14 March 1721 – 16 April 1785) was an Anglo-Irish courtier and peer. He was the youngest son of Lieutenant Colonel John Upton, of Castle Upton...

May 1722 – 1 October 1778) was a British Royal Navy officer, hereditary peer, freemason and amateur astronomer. Ferrers was the second son of Hon Laurence...

does not store copies of the files on its own servers but does provide peer-to-peer links to other servers on which infringing copies were stored. Apparently...

content only to BitChute. Before its deprecation, BitChute claimed to use peer-to-peer WebTorrent technology for video distribution, though this was disputed...

Gerardus Johannes "Peer" Krom (10 March 1898 – 15 December 1965) was a Dutch footballer. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1924 Summer Olympics...

Lloyd Ashley (né Lloyd Ashley Peers; born 2 February 1991) is a Welsh rugby union player who plays as a lock for the Ospreys. In October 2021, he joined...

Hugh Massy, 1st Baron Massy (1700 – 30 January 1788) was an Anglo-Irish peer and politician. Massy was the son of Colonel Hugh Massy and the elder brother...

The League of Noble Peers is an organization credited with producing the Steal This Film documentary series. When releasing Steal This Film (One) the...

eMule is a free peer-to-peer file sharing application for Microsoft Windows. Started in May 2002 as an alternative to eDonkey2000, eMule connects to both...

Adrian, 2nd Baron Adrian FRS (16 October 1927 – 4 April 1995) was a British peer and physiologist. Richard Hume Adrian was born in Cambridge in 1927, as the...

The Journal of Heredity is a peer-reviewed scientific journal concerned with heredity in a biological sense, covering all aspects of genetics. It is published...

is an American writer and lecturer whose work has been dismissed by some peers as pseudoscience. By his own admission, his ideas have not received attention...

Munster, GCH, PC, FRS, FRAS (29 January 1794 – 20 March 1842), was an English peer and soldier. The eldest illegitimate son of Prince William, Duke of Clarence...

July 1961), styled Master of Falkland from 1886 to 1922, was a Scottish peer. The eldest son of Byron Cary, 12th Viscount Falkland and his wife Mary,...

the Union in 1800. However, in 1815 he was elected an Irish representative peer, replacing the deceased Earl of Westmeath, and was able to take his seat...

from 1910 to 1922, and known less formally as Jack Spencer, was a British peer. He was the paternal grandfather of Diana, Princess of Wales. Lord Spencer...

production costs. Given sufficient interest in a software component, by using peer-to-peer distribution methods, distribution costs may be reduced, easing the burden...

Red Swoosh was a peer-to-peer file sharing company founded by Travis Kalanick and Michael Todd in 2001. It was acquired by Akamai in 2007 for $19 million...

John Seyfried-Herbert, 19th Baron Herbert (born 3 March 1952) is a British peer. He was born David John Seyfried, the son of Captain John Seyfried, Royal...

(27 September 1752 – 27 January 1837) was an English Tory politician and peer. Curzon was the son of Nathaniel Curzon, 1st Baron Scarsdale of Kedleston...

This is a list of representative peers elected from the Peerage of Ireland to sit in the British House of Lords after the Kingdom of Ireland was brought...

the company was officially launched in 2013. inDrive operates using a peer-to-peer pricing model. In its app, all conditions of the trip are determined...

1912 – 12 November 2017) was a British-Irish peer and British Army officer. He is the longest-lived peer on record. The only son of two children born...

April 1960), styled Lord Herbert Hervey from 1907 to 1951, was a British peer and diplomat. The 5th Marquess was born on 10 October 1870 at the family...

(2000–present) List of hereditary peers in the House of Lords by virtue of a life peerage List of excepted hereditary peers List of law life peerages (1876–2009)...

various contexts such as hospitals, nursing homes, clinics and home visits. "Peer abuse" is an expression popularised by author Elizabeth Bennett in 2006 to...

– 20 February 1743), known as Robert FitzGerald until 1707, was an Irish peer. Kildare was the son of the Hon. Robert FitzGerald, younger son of George...

English peer Montagu Bertie, 5th Earl of Abingdon (1784–1854), English peer Montagu Bertie, 6th Earl of Abingdon (1808–1884), English peer and British...

January 1858), styled Marquess of Hartington until 1811, was an English peer, courtier and Whig politician. Known as the "Bachelor Duke", he served as...

forwarded to any other news servers peered with the local one, while the local server will receive any news its peers have that it currently lacks. This...

of Crawford and 3rd Earl of Lindsay (died December 1713) was a Scottish peer and politician. He was born before 1672, the eldest son of William Lindsay...

payments app Google Pay (Tez), a localized app for India Google Pay Send, a peer-to-peer payments service {{Google payment apps}}, a diagram of the above Google...

1755 – 16 January 1801), styled Viscount Ludlow until 1772, was a British peer. Herbert was born at Finchley, Middlesex, the son of Henry Herbert, 1st Earl...

Nevill Money-Coutts, 9th Baron Latymer (born 8 March 1955), is a British peer who is a descendant of both the well-known Irish nationalist Thomas Addis...

1950), styled as Viscount Lascelles until July 2011, is a British hereditary peer and film and television producer. David Henry George Lascelles was born at...

Lords Appointments Commission ‡ former MP # former MEP § Elected hereditary peer under the House of Lords Act 1999 until 29 April 2026 No life peerage creations...

Mersey, CMG, CBE, PC, FSA (18 August 1872 – 20 November 1956) was a British peer and Liberal politician. The son of John Bigham, 1st Viscount Mersey, Bigham...

of Gainsborough KStJ (24 October 1923 – 29 December 2009) was a British peer. Lord Gainsborough succeeded his father, Arthur Noel, 4th Earl of Gainsborough...

Huntingtower from 2003 to 2011, also known as Johnnie Grant, is a Scottish peer and landowner. Dysart is the son of Lt Col John Peter Grant MBE, 16th of...

peer John Vesey, 2nd Viscount de Vesci (1771–1855), Anglo-Irish politician and peer John Vesey, 4th Viscount de Vesci (1844–1903), Anglo-Irish peer and...

Evolutionary Psychology is a peer-reviewed open access academic journal published since 2003. It covers empirical, philosophical, historical, and socio-political...

The American Heart Journal is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering all aspects of cardiology. It is published by Elsevier and the editor-in-chief...

Soribada (Korean: 소리바다) was the first Korean peer-to-peer file-sharing service, launched in 2000 by Sean Yang. The name 'Soribada' means "Ocean of Sound"...

in Henrik Ibsen's 1867 play Peer Gynt. It was originally part of Opus 23 but was later extracted as the final piece of Peer Gynt, Suite No. 1, Op. 46....

The Pir Panjal Pass, also called Peer Ki Gali (or Peer Gali), is a mountain pass and a tourist destination located in the Pir Panjal Range in Jammu and...

Sidney, 5th Earl of Leicester (8 July 1676 – 24 July 1705) was an English peer and Member of Parliament for Kent, styled Viscount Lisle from 1698 to 1702...

Disintegrator (DDD), Apple II users began to explore the nascent capabilities of peer-to-peer file sharing. They could compress unprotected floppy discs into multiple...

4th Earl of Berkshire (4 November 1687 – 21 March 1757) was an English peer from the Howard family. He was the son of Craven Howard and his second wife...

JAMA (The Journal of the American Medical Association) is a peer-reviewed medical journal published 48 times a year by the American Medical Association...

music was released on 24 April 2018 followed by Chand Utral Ba Angnaiya, Peer Jiya Ke Ka Batlayin, and Aawa Taare Dulha Daamad on 1, 7 and 10 May 2018...

Acta Archaeologica is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering new discoveries of Northern European archaeological analysis. The journal is published...

calculators. UpToDate is written by over 7,600 physician authors, editors, and peer reviewers. It is accessible online and offline via personal computers or...

Peer Gynt which was published in 1867. In the old cemetery at Sødorp Chapel, there stands a monument to Peer Gynt, and each year since 1967 the Peer Gynt...

Peer Yaqoob Shah Degree College Phalia established formerly at Intermediate level for boys students in the year 1962. Primarily the classes started in...

Earl of Kimberley FRSA (born 15 January 1951), is a British chemist and peer. The eldest of four sons of John Wodehouse, 4th Earl of Kimberley, but his...