Pier Luigi Bersani was born on 29 September 1951 in Bettola, a mountain municipality in Nure Valley, in the province of Piacenza, Emilia-Romagna region, Italy. His father was a mechanic and a gas station clerk. After earning his high-school degree in Piacenza, Bersani enrolled in the University of Bologna where he graduated in philosophy with a dissertation on Pope Gregory I. He married Daniela in 1980, and he has two daughters: Elisa and Margherita. After a short experience as a teacher he committed his life to politics and public administration.[1]
Political career
Early political career
Bersani joined the Italian Communist Party and subsequently the Democratic Party of the Left. As member of the National Secretariat of the Democrats of the Left, he was responsible for the economic sector. As a young man, he became Vice-President of the Mountain Community of Piacenza, then elected in the Regional Council of Emilia-Romagnaregion and Vice-President of Emilia-Romagna in 1990; he was President of Emilia-Romagna from 1993 to 1996.
The Prodi II Cabinet assigned Bersani, as the Minister of Economic Development, the task of introducing reforms aimed at achieving increased market liberalization and competition. The minister responded with Decree Law 223 of 30 June 2006, later converted into Law 248/2006, popularly known as the "Bersani 1" decree on taxi drivers and pharmacies, although it also addressed other sectors. In 2021, Bersani said that economic liberalization does not mean entrusting everything to the market, which he describes as liberismo, right-wing, and distinct. In his view, liberalization means defending the common citizen from the market and ensuring that there are no dominant positions.[2]
The government's policy of competition and liberalization would not to stop there. "Bersani 1" was followed by "Bersani 2" (decree 7 of 31 January 2007, converted into Law 40 of 2 April 2007), and then by a series of bills for the liberalization of the professions and television broadcasting, local public services, and energy, as well as the reduction and simplification of times and procedures for the start up of new businesses. Another bill proposed to rationalize the jurisdictions of the regulatory authorities, modifying and reinforcing their powers, particularly with regard to competition. Still another bill would introduce and regulate the judicial procedures for class action lawsuits.[3]
Secretary of the Democratic Party of Italy (2009–2013)
On 25 October 2009, Bersani defeated incumbents Dario Franceschini and Ignazio Marino in the Democratic Party leadership election, thus becoming Italy's main opposition leader, scoring 55.1% among party members.[4] Since 7 November 2009, as decided by the National Assembly, Pier Luigi Bersani officially took office as Secretary of the Democratic Party of Italy.[5] He defeated the mayor of Florence Matteo Renzi in the 2012 primary election.[6]
2013 elections
Before the 2013 Italian general election, the Democratic Party was ahead but at "the beginning of the year, Bersani’s party was above 40%, and former centre-right Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi was hovering around 25%. By the time [reported] polling stopped [a week before the vote], the right was up to 30% and the left down to 35%. Outgoing appointed-technocrat Prime Minister Mario Monti's centrist party-coalition was at less than 15% of the vote and the protest Five-Star Movement led by comedian Beppe Grillo was getting more than 15%".[7]
In the general elections on 24–25 February 2013, as a consequence of the electoral system the PD-led centre-left coalition, Italy Common Good, took a small absolute majority in the lower house. In most of the rest of Europe, this would have been enough to make Bersani Prime Minister. However, the coalition failed to gain a majority in the Senate. Unlike in most parliamentary systems, the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate have equal power, and Italian governments must maintain the confidence of both chambers in order to stay in office. Bersani said he would try to form a government with the informal support of Five Star Movement. Anna Finocchiaro, PD's leader in the Senate, confirmed the likelihood PD would not form a new coalition with Berlusconi's centre-right coalition.[8]
On 22 March President Giorgio Napolitano asked Bersani to form a new government.[9] On 27 March Bersani failed to strike a deal for forming a new Italian government with the grassroots Five-Star Movement (M5S) which held the balance of power after February's inconclusive elections.[citation needed] On 19 April Bersani announced he would be stepping down from his post as Democratic Party leader after Romano Prodi failed to secure a parliamentary majority in the presidential election.[10]
Other activities
In 2001, Bersani co-founded with Vincenzo Visco the NENS ("New Economy, New Society") think tank.[11] He is also chairman of the Nuova Romea Society that was established in 2002 with the objective of the development of Emilia-Romagna and Veneto territories.
^Minotti, Gabriele (9 November 2021). "Bersani, Calenda e il liberismo". L'Opinione delle Libertà (in Italian). Archived from the original on 9 November 2021. Retrieved 30 January 2023.
