Pine oil

Pine oil^[1]

Pine (Pinus sylvestris) essential oil in a clear glass vial
Names
Other names Essential oil of pine Yarmor
Identifiers
CAS Number	8002-09-3 Y
Beilstein Reference	8191505
ChemSpider	none
ECHA InfoCard	100.219.894
UNII	HA5CX6676U N
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID2027670
Properties
Chemical formula	Mixture
Appearance	Colorless to pale yellow liquid
Density	0.875 g/cm3 at 25 °C (approximate)
Melting point	5 °C (41 °F; 278 K)
Boiling point	195 °C (383 °F; 468 K)
Solubility in water	Insoluble
log P	1.7
Vapor pressure	4 mmHg
Hazards
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	2 2 0
Flash point	65 °C (149 °F; 338 K)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). N verify (what is YN ?) Infobox references

Pine oil is an essential oil obtained from a variety of species of pine, particularly Pinus sylvestris. Typically, parts of the trees that are not used for lumber — stumps, etc. — are ground and subjected to steam distillation.^[2] As of 1995, synthetic pine oil was the "biggest single turpentine derivative."^[3] Synthetic pine oils accounted for 90% of sales as of 2000.^[4]

Pine oil is a higher boiling fraction from turpentine. Both synthetic and natural pine oil consists mainly of α-terpineol, a C10 alcohol (b.p. 214–217 °C).^[5][1] Other components include dipentene and pinene.^[6] The detailed composition of natural pine oil depends on many factors, such as the species of the host plant.^[7] Synthetic pine oil is obtained by treating pinene with water in the presence of a catalytic amount of sulfuric acid. This treatment results in hydration of the alkene and rearrangement of the pinene skeleton, yielding terpineols.^[4]

Industrially, pine oil was once used in froth flotation for the separation of mineral from ores.^[1] For example, in copper extraction, pine oil is used to condition copper sulfide ores for froth flotation.

It is also used as a lubricant in small and expensive clockwork instruments.

In alternative medicine it is used in aromatherapy and as a scent in bath oils.

Pine oil is used as a cleaning product, disinfectant, sanitizer, microbicide (or microbistat), virucide or insecticide.^[5] It is an effective herbicide where its action is to modify the waxy cuticle of plants, resulting in desiccation.^[8] Pine oil is a disinfectant that is mildly antiseptic.^[9] It is effective against Brevibacterium ammoniagenes, the fungi Candida albicans, Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli, Gram-negative enteric bacteria, household germs, Gram-negative household germs such as those causing salmonellosis, herpes simplex types 1 and 2, influenza type A, influenza virus type A/Brazil, influenza virus type A2/Japan, intestinal bacteria, Klebsiella pneumoniae, odor-causing bacteria, mold, mildew, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella choleraesuis, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella typhosa, Serratia marcescens, Shigella sonnei, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes.^[5]

With respect to the quality of indoor air, attention is directed to the effects of ambient ozone on pine oil components.^[10] Large doses may cause central nervous system depression.^[1]

• List of cleaning products
• Dettol antiseptic liquid
• Pine-Sol, cleaning product that originally contained pine oil, though it switched to a different active ingredient in 2013 due to the declining availability of pine oil

• Gscheidmeier, Manfred; Fleig, Helmut (June 15, 2000). "Turpentines". Turpentines, 16. Pine Oil. doi:10.1002/14356007.a27_267. ISBN 978-3527306732. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
• "8". TURPENTINE FROM PINE RESIN. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization. 1995. ISBN 978-92-5-103648-8. Archived from the original on January 17, 2011. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)