Port Underwood

Te Whanganui / Port Underwood
Te Whanganui / Port Underwood
Te Whanganui (Māori)
	Te Whanganui / Port Underwood
	Te Whanganui / Port Underwood Location of Te Whanganui / Port Underwood
Location	Marlborough region
Coordinates	41°20′S 174°07′E / 41.333°S 174.117°E
Etymology	Big Harbour in te reo Māori, European name after Joseph Underwood
Part of	Te Koko-o-Kupe / Cloudy Bay
Ocean/sea sources	Pacific Ocean
Max. length	9.3 kilometres (5.8 mi)
Max. width	3.5 kilometres (2.2 mi)
Islands	Horahora Kakahu Island

Te Whanganui / Port Underwood is a sheltered harbour which forms the north-east extension of Te Koko-o-Kupe / Cloudy Bay at the northeast of New Zealand's South Island, on the east coast of the Marlborough Sounds.^[1] With only a relatively narrow entrance to the south-south-east it is sheltered from almost all winds. Originally considered part of Cloudy Bay, the port was named after Joseph Underwood of the shipping firm Kabel and Underwood in the early 19th century.^[1]

There is evidence of a large Māori population at various times prior to European arrival in New Zealand. In the 1820s the local Rangitane were defeated by the Ngāti Toa chief Te Rauparaha. Sealers first visited about 1826 and were followed immediately by whalers.^[2] John Guard, who had started a whaling station in Tory Channel the previous year, set up a subsidiary station at Kakapo Bay in 1828.^[1] By 1840 there were approximately 150 Europeans in the area,^[2] probably the largest concentration in the South Island at that time. Large numbers of southern right whales and humpback whales were hunted in the bay, resulting in destroying these populations and rarities of their sightings in the bay nowadays.^[3]

On 16 June HMS Herald arrived with Major Thomas Banbury on board bringing the Treaty of Waitangi for the South Island chiefs to sign. This took place on Horahora-Kakahu Island just offshore from the eastern shoreline. The only European to sign the Treaty as one of the cedants, Joseph Thomas, son-in-law of Te Rauparaha's elder brother Nohorua,^[4] signed on 16 June. Nouhora himself, initially reluctant to sign, did so the following day. A commemorative bronze plaque marking the occasion was unveiled here on 3 October 1964.^[5]

The name of the harbour was officially altered to Te Whanganui / Port Underwood in August 2014.^[6]

Notable people

Ann Boyce, pioneer and herbalist.^[7]
Betty Guard (1814–1870), early settler, wife of John Guard
John "Jacky" Guard (1790/92–1858), whaler and trader, husband of Betty Guard, landed in Kākāpō Bay

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Wises New Zealand Guide, 7th Edition, 1979. p.457.
^ ^a ^b Wises New Zealand Guide, 7th Edition, 1979. p.67.
^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 October 2016. Retrieved 14 March 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^ "The chief Nohorua with his wife and son".
^ Wises New Zealand Guide, 7th Edition, 1979. p.149.
^ "NZGB decisions". Land Information New Zealand. August 2014. Archived from the original on 21 November 2015. Retrieved 6 November 2015.
^ Orr, Katherine W. "Ann Boyce". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 28 March 2012.