Protein BEX2

BEX2
Identifiers
AliasesBEX2, BEX1, DJ79P11.1, brain expressed X-linked 2
External IDsOMIM: 300691; MGI: 1338017; GeneCards: BEX2
Orthologs
DatabasesNCBI: entry; OMA: entry
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

84707

12069

Ensembl

ENSG00000133134

ENSMUSG00000042750

UniProt

Q9BXY8

Q9WTZ8

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_032621
NM_001168399
NM_001168400
NM_001168401

NM_009749

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001161871
NP_001161872
NP_001161873
NP_116010

NP_033879

Location (UCSC)Chr X: 103.31 – 103.31 MbChr X: 134.97 – 134.97 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Protein BEX2 also known as brain-expressed X-linked protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BEX2 gene.[5][6] It is exclusively expressed in the pancreas, kidney, liver, adrenal gland and testis.[7] In accordance with cancer stem cell theory, there's is a link between BEX2 and dormant cancer stem cells of many different types of cancer.[8]

The exact role of the protein is controversial however there is research that narrows down its effects. In cholangiocarcinoma stem cells, BEX2 suppresses mitochondrial functions through the TUMF protein and BEX2 is degraded by FEM1B-CUL2 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex.[9] A link was found between BEX2 and MMP2 in regard to cancer invasion. [10] Increase of BEX2 expression caused an increase in stem cell development in the liver but loss of BEX2 caused no noticeable abnormalities. BEX2 expression has also protected cells from apoptosis which can contribute to cancerous growth.[7]

References

  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000133134 – Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000042750 – Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ^ Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, Derge JG, Klausner RD, Collins FS, Wagner L, Shenmen CM, Schuler GD, Altschul SF, Zeeberg B, Buetow KH, Schaefer CF, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Jordan H, Moore T, Max SI, Wang J, Hsieh F, Diatchenko L, Marusina K, Farmer AA, Rubin GM, Hong L, Stapleton M, Soares MB, Bonaldo MF, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brownstein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Prange C, Raha SS, Loquellano NA, Peters GJ, Abramson RD, Mullahy SJ, Bosak SA, McEwan PJ, McKernan KJ, Malek JA, Gunaratne PH, Richards S, Worley KC, Hale S, Garcia AM, Gay LJ, Hulyk SW, Villalon DK, Muzny DM, Sodergren EJ, Lu X, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madan A, Young AC, Shevchenko Y, Bouffard GG, Blakesley RW, Touchman JW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Krzywinski MI, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Marra MA (Dec 2002). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 99 (26): 16899–16903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
  6. ^ "Entrez Gene: BEX2 brain expressed X-linked 2".
  7. ^ a b Kazi, Julhash U.; Kabir, Nuzhat N.; Rönnstrand, Lars (December 2015). "Brain-Expressed X-linked (BEX) proteins in human cancers". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Cancer. 1856 (2): 226–233. doi:10.1016/j.bbcan.2015.09.001.
  8. ^ Tamai, Keiichi; Nakamura-Shima, Mao; Shibuya-Takahashi, Rie; Kanno, Shin-Ichiro; Yasui, Akira; Mochizuki, Mai; Iwai, Wataru; Wakui, Yuta; Abue, Makoto; Yamamoto, Kuniharu; Miura, Koh; Mizuma, Masamichi; Unno, Michiaki; Kawamura, Sadafumi; Sato, Ikuro (2020-12-09). "BEX2 suppresses mitochondrial activity and is required for dormant cancer stem cell maintenance in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma". Scientific Reports. 10 (1). doi:10.1038/s41598-020-78539-0. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 7725823.
  9. ^ Tamai, Keiichi; Nakamura-Shima, Mao; Shibuya-Takahashi, Rie; Kanno, Shin-Ichiro; Yasui, Akira; Mochizuki, Mai; Iwai, Wataru; Wakui, Yuta; Abue, Makoto; Yamamoto, Kuniharu; Miura, Koh; Mizuma, Masamichi; Unno, Michiaki; Kawamura, Sadafumi; Sato, Ikuro (2020-12-09). "BEX2 suppresses mitochondrial activity and is required for dormant cancer stem cell maintenance in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma". Scientific Reports. 10 (1): 21592. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-78539-0. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 7725823. PMID 33299012.
  10. ^ Zhou, Xiuping; Xu, Xuebin; Meng, Qingming; Hu, Jinxia; Zhi, Tongle; Shi, Qiong; Yu, Rutong (2013-05-01). "Bex2 is Critical for Migration and Invasion in Malignant Glioma Cells". Journal of Molecular Neuroscience. 50 (1): 78–87. doi:10.1007/s12031-012-9864-8. ISSN 1559-1166.

Further reading


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