ARTIKELDIGITAL.COM

Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions...

Protein–protein interactions (PPIs) are physical contacts of high specificity established between two or more protein molecules as a result of biochemical...

types of molecular genes: protein-coding genes and non-coding genes. During gene expression (the synthesis of RNA or protein from a gene), DNA is first...

Whey protein is a mixture of proteins isolated from whey, the liquid material created as a by-product of cheese production. The proteins consist of α-lactalbumin...

Protein folding is the physical process by which a protein, after synthesis by a ribosome as a linear chain of amino acids, changes from an unstable random...

Protein–protein interaction screening refers to the identification of Protein–protein interaction with high-throughput screening methods such as computer-...

Protein toxicity is the effect of the buildup of protein metabolic waste compounds, like urea, uric acid, ammonia, and creatinine. Protein toxicity has...

In biochemistry, a protein dimer is a macromolecular complex or multimer formed by two protein monomers, or single proteins, which are usually non-covalently...

A prion (/ˈpriːɒn/ ) is a misfolded protein that induces folding problems in normal variants of the same protein, leading to cellular death. Prions are...

Protein structure is the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in an amino acid-chain molecule. Proteins are polymers – specifically polypeptides – formed...

Protein engineering is the process of developing useful or valuable proteins through the design and production of unnatural polypeptides, often by altering...

Protein A is a 42 kDa surface protein originally found in the cell wall of the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. It is encoded by the spa gene and its regulation...

Proteins are essential nutrients for the human body. They are one of the constituents of body tissue and also serve as a fuel source. As fuel, proteins...

protein in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Protein is an organic compound made of amino acids. Protein may also refer to: Protein (nutrient) Protein...

A protein supplement is a dietary supplement or a bodybuilding supplement, and usually comes in the form of a protein bar, protein powder, and even readily...

Protein precipitation is widely used in downstream processing of biological products in order to concentrate proteins and purify them from various contaminants...

polypeptide chain. Protein complexes are a form of quaternary structure. Proteins in a protein complex are linked by non-covalent protein–protein interactions...

prion protein (PrP) is encoded in the human body by the PRNP gene also known as CD230 (cluster of differentiation 230). Expression of the protein is most...

Protein quality is the digestibility and quantity of essential amino acids for providing the proteins in correct ratios for human consumption. There are...

of proteins. Understanding protein–protein interactions is important for the investigation of intracellular signaling pathways, modelling of protein complex...

Lattice proteins are highly simplified models of protein-like heteropolymer chains on lattice conformational space which are used to investigate protein folding...

molecular chaperones are proteins that assist the conformational folding or unfolding of proteins or macromolecular protein complexes. There are a number...

Fusion proteins or chimeric proteins (literally, made of parts from different sources) are proteins created through the joining of two or more genes that...

Protein sequencing is the practical process of determining the amino acid sequence of all or part of a protein or peptide. This may serve to identify the...

Protein phosphorylation is one of the most common forms of reversible protein posttranslational modification (PTM), with up to 30% of all proteins being...

Membrane proteins are common proteins that are part of, or interact with, biological membranes. Membrane proteins fall into several broad categories depending...

Pea protein is a food product and protein supplement derived and extracted from yellow and green split peas, Pisum sativum. It can be used as a dietary...

In virology, a spike protein or peplomer protein is a protein that forms a large structure known as a spike or peplomer projecting from the surface of...

Protein footprinting is a term used to refer to a method of biochemical analysis that investigates protein structure, assembly, and interactions within...

Protein combining or protein complementing is a dietary theory for protein nutrition that purports to optimize the biological value of protein intake....

Protein detection is used for clinical diagnosis, treatment and biological research. Protein detection evaluates the concentration and amount of different...

contains membrane proteins, including integral proteins that span the membrane and serve as transporters, and peripheral proteins that attach to the...

Protein methods are the techniques used to study proteins. There are experimental methods for studying proteins (e.g., for detecting proteins, for isolating...

binding protein Telomere-binding protein RNA-binding protein Poly(A)-binding protein Nuclear cap-binding protein complex CREB-binding protein Calcium-binding...

The tau proteins (abbreviated from tubulin associated unit) form a group of six highly soluble protein isoforms produced by alternative splicing from the...

Protein tags are peptide sequences genetically grafted onto a recombinant protein. Tags are attached to proteins for various purposes. They can be added...

A transformer protein (TFP) also known as a metamorphic protein is a protein that can interconvert between two or more shapes (also known as folds) each...

molecules of DNA or RNA that encode the structure of the proteins by which the virus acts; (ii) a protein coat, the capsid, which surrounds and protects the...

In molecular biology, protein aggregation is a phenomenon in which intrinsically-disordered or misfolded proteins aggregate (clump together) and accumulate...

developed by DeepMind, a subsidiary of Alphabet, which performs predictions of protein structure. It is designed using deep learning techniques. AlphaFold 1 (2018)...

Hydrolyzed protein is a solution derived from the hydrolysis of a protein into its component amino acids and/or peptides. Hydrolyzing down to the amino...

A protein deacetylase is any enzyme that removes acetyl groups from lysine amino acids in proteins. That is, it performs deacetylation. The main ones are...

G proteins, also known as guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, are a family of proteins that act as molecular switches inside cells, and are involved...

Protein design is the rational design of new protein molecules to design novel activity, behavior, or purpose, and to advance basic understanding of protein...

The wheat protein premium refers to the price differential (expressed as cents or dollars per bushel) that a high-protein wheat normally commands over...

transport protein (variously referred to as a transmembrane pump, transporter, escort protein, acid transport protein, cation transport protein, or anion...

Protein FAM46B also known as Terminal nucleotidyltransferase 5B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the gene TENT5B (previously FAM46B). FAM46B contains...

A complete protein or whole protein is a food source of protein that contains an adequate proportion of each of the nine essential amino acids necessary...

A protein corona is a dynamic coating of biomolecules, usually proteins, around the surface of a nanoparticle that forms spontaneously in colloidal nanomaterials...

effects on proteins caused by stressors such as increased temperatures, oxidative stress, and heavy metals. In a normal cell, proteostasis (protein homeostasis)...

transmembrane protein is a type of integral membrane protein that spans the entirety of the cell membrane. Many transmembrane proteins function as gateways...

Protein Z (PZ or PROZ), vitamin K-dependent protein Z, is a protein encoded in the human by the PROZ gene. Protein Z is a member of the coagulation cascade...

Rho protein may refer to: Rho GTPase, a member of Rho family of GTPases Rho factor, a bacterial protein involved in transcription termination This set...

Protein targeting or protein sorting is the biological mechanism by which proteins are transported to their appropriate destinations within or outside...

In biochemistry, globular proteins or spheroproteins are spherical ("globe-like") proteins and are one of the common protein types (the others being fibrous...

C-reactive protein (CRP) is an annular (ring-shaped) pentameric protein found in blood plasma, whose circulating concentration rises in response to inflammation...

Protein biosynthesis, or protein synthesis, is a core biological process, occurring inside cells, balancing the loss of cellular proteins (via degradation...

Protein bars are convenience food that contain a high proportion of protein relative to carbohydrates and fats. Despite the label focusing on protein...

complement protein C4b-binding protein (C4BP). In humans, protein S is encoded by the PROS1 gene. Protein S plays a role in coagulation. Protein S is named...

to investigate protein–protein interactions which are the physical contacts of high specificity established between two or more protein molecules. This...

Activated protein C–protein C inhibitor (APC-PCI) is a complex of activated protein C (APC) and protein C inhibitor (PCI). It has been measured in coagulation...

Protein fingerprinting can refer to any of the several methods for identifying or differentiating proteins: Peptide mass fingerprinting, a method developed...

Protein moonlighting is a phenomenon by which a protein can perform more than one function. It is an example of gene sharing. Ancestral moonlighting proteins...

A protein family is a group of evolutionarily related proteins. In many cases, a protein family has a corresponding gene family, in which each gene encodes...

Fluorescent proteins include: Green fluorescent protein (GFP) Yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) Red fluorescent protein (RFP) This set index article includes...

Rice protein is a vegan protein isolate made from rice. It is often used as an alternative to the more common whey and soy protein isolates. To make it...

Textured or texturized vegetable protein (TVP), also known as textured soy protein, soy meat, or soya chunks, is a defatted soy flour product, a by-product...

'to bind'. In protein-ligand binding, the ligand is usually a molecule which produces a signal by binding to a site on a target protein. The binding typically...

A protein microarray (or protein chip) is a high-throughput method used to track the interactions and activities of proteins, and to determine their function...

Coat protein may refer to: Viral coat protein, a component of the capsid Variable surface glycoproteins or procyclins, surface coat proteins of either...

design, drug discovery, protein structure alignment, protein structure prediction, prediction of gene expression and protein–protein interactions, genome-wide...

Methuselah-like 5 is a protein that in Drosophila is encoded by the Mthl5 (also known as Gia) gene. Methuselah-like 5 is a G protein coupled receptor (GPCR)...

Soy protein is a protein that is isolated from soybean. It is made from soybean meal that has been dehulled and defatted. Dehulled and defatted soybeans...

by a prion, an infectious, abnormally folded variant of a protein called the prion protein. About 85% of cases of CJD occur for unknown reasons ('sporadic...

Sonic hedgehog protein (SHH) is a major signaling molecule of embryonic development in planulozoan animals, encoded by the SHH gene. This signaling molecule...

Protein expression may refer to: Gene expression, the processes that convert the information of DNA genes into a functional copies of mRNA in living cells...

Protein Works, previously known as The Protein Works is a British functional food brand that makes protein shakes, meal replacements, complete meals, snacks...

producing proteins that are secreted into the blood, including major plasma proteins, factors in hemostasis and fibrinolysis, carrier proteins, hormones...

Protein G is an immunoglobulin-binding protein expressed in group C and G streptococcal bacteria much like protein A but with differing binding specificities...

cytoskeletal protein. In humans, it is a tumor suppressor protein involved in neurofibromatosis type II. Sequence data reveal its similarity to the ERM protein family...

a protein trimer is a macromolecular complex formed by three, usually non-covalently bound, macromolecules like proteins or nucleic acids. A protein trimer...

Protein BEX1 also known as brain-expressed X-linked protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BEX1 gene. BEX1 is a part of the BEX gene family...

A protein precursor, also called a pro-protein or pro-peptide, is an inactive protein (or peptide) that can be turned into an active form by post-translational...

SNARE proteins (soluble NSF attachment protein receptors) are a large protein family consisting of at least 24 members in yeasts and more than 60 members...

the protein and non-protein parts of the mixture, and finally separate the desired protein from all other proteins. Ideally, to study a protein of interest...

A nuclear protein is a protein found in the cell nucleus. Proteins are transported inside the nucleus with they help of the nuclear pore complex, which...

amounts of greenhouse gas emissions per gram of edible protein of any food (1.6 kg CO2/ 100 g protein). The English word "tofu" comes from Japanese tōfu (豆腐)...

biology, protein turnover refers to the replacement of older proteins as they are broken down within the cell. Different types of proteins have very...

cheap source of protein for animal feeds and many packaged meals. For example, soybean products, such as textured vegetable protein (TVP), are ingredients...

Translocator protein (TSPO) is an 18 kDa protein mainly found on the outer mitochondrial membrane. It was first described as peripheral benzodiazepine...

inhibited by proteins produced by the cell; these inhibitory proteins target retinoblastoma tumor-suppressing proteins. These tumor-suppressing proteins regulate...

The Bradford protein assay (also known as the Coomassie protein assay) was developed by Marion M. Bradford in 1976. It is a quick and accurate spectroscopic...

Protein is a 2024 crime thriller film directed by Tony Burke (in his feature debut), based on his 2014 short film of the same name. It stars Craig Russell...

Protein Wisdom may refer to: Protein Wisdom (blog) – a conservative-libertarian weblog created by Jeff Goldstein "Protein Wisdom" – a low-protein diet...

A protein kinase is a kinase which selectively modifies other proteins by covalently adding phosphates to them (phosphorylation) as opposed to kinases...

Ubiquitin-like MOdifier) proteins are a family of small proteins that are covalently attached to and detached from other proteins in cells to modify their...

In biology, a protein filament is a long chain of protein monomers, such as those found in hair, muscle, or in flagella. Protein filaments form together...

Proteomics is the large-scale study of proteins. The proteome is the entire set of proteins produced or modified by an organism or system. Proteomics is...

Protein K may refer to: Protein K (porin), a porin expressed in pathogenic strains of E. coli Protein K (gene expression), a DNA- and RNA-binding protein...

biology, a protein subunit is a polypeptide chain or single protein molecule that assembles (or "coassembles") with others to form a protein complex. Large...

Hemp protein is a plant-derived protein from the cannabis plant and is isolated from hemp seeds (a type of nut). The protein content of whole hemp seeds...

A protein-sparing modified fast (PSMF) diet is a type of a very-low-calorie diet (<800 kcal per day) with a high proportion of protein calories and simultaneous...

The Protein Society is an international, not-for-profit, scholarly society with the mission to provide forums for the advancement of research into protein...

Target proteins are functional biomolecules that are addressed and controlled by biologically active compounds. They are used in the processes of transduction...

Cell-free protein array technology produces protein microarrays by performing in vitro synthesis of the target proteins from their DNA templates. This...

Protein quaternary structure is the fourth (and highest) classification level of protein structure. Protein quaternary structure refers to the structure...

Kelch proteins (and Kelch-like proteins) are a widespread group of proteins that contain multiple Kelch motifs. The kelch domain generally occurs as a...

Cingulin-like protein 1, also known as paracingulin or junction-associated-coiled-coil protein (JACOP), is a protein which is encoded by the CGNL1 gene...

minor whey proteins. Sweet whey and acid whey are similar in gross nutritional analysis. By mass both contain 93% water, about 0.8% protein, and about...

a protein structure database is a database that is modeled around the various experimentally determined protein structures. The aim of most protein structure...

CCN proteins are a family of extracellular matrix (ECM)-associated proteins involved in intercellular signaling. Due to their dynamic role within the...

proteins are members of a class of proteins which dictate the stereochemistry of a compound synthesized by other enzymes. The first dirigent protein was...

Protein was an American punk, alternative, post-grunge, metal band, formed in 1994 in San Francisco, California, United States. Forming their first band...

In cell biology, protein kinase A (PKA) is a family of serine-threonine kinases whose activity is dependent on cellular levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP). PKA...

Protein L was first isolated from the surface of bacterial species Peptostreptococcus magnus and was found to bind immunoglobulins through L chain interaction...

activated protein C (APC). Protein C is activated in a sequence that starts with Protein C and thrombin binding to a cell surface protein thrombomodulin...

may include venous insufficiency, heart failure, kidney problems, low protein levels, liver problems, deep vein thrombosis, infections, kwashiorkor,...

Protein splicing is an intramolecular reaction of a particular protein in which an internal protein segment (called an intein) is removed from a precursor...

Amyloidosis is a group of diseases in which abnormal proteins, known as amyloid fibrils, build up in tissue. There are several non-specific and vague signs...

Protein production is the biotechnological process of generating a specific protein. It is typically achieved by the manipulation of gene expression in...

Protein phosphorylation is a reversible post-translational modification of proteins in which an amino acid residue is phosphorylated by a protein kinase...

Protein topology is a property of protein molecule that does not change under deformation (without cutting or breaking a bond). Two main topology frameworks...

A low-protein diet is a diet in which people decrease their intake of protein. A low-protein diet is used as a therapy for inherited metabolic disorders...

nucleic acid to protein may be possible, but transfer from protein to protein, or from protein to nucleic acid is impossible. Information here means the...

Plasma proteins, sometimes referred to as blood proteins, are proteins present in blood plasma. They perform many different functions, including transport...

In molecular biology, a protein domain is a region of a protein's polypeptide chain that is self-stabilizing and that folds independently from the rest...

fibrous proteins or scleroproteins are one of the three main classifications of protein structure (alongside globular and membrane proteins). Fibrous...

Protein structure prediction is the inference of the three-dimensional structure of a protein from its amino acid sequence—that is, the prediction of...

protein may refer to: M protein (Streptococcus), a virulence factor of the bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes Viral matrix protein, structural protein linking...

biochemistry, protein carbonylation refers to oxidation of the side chains of proteins to introduce ketone (>C=O) and aldehyde (−CH=O) groups in a protein. The...

A conjugated protein is a protein that functions in interaction with other (non-polypeptide) chemical groups attached by covalent bonding or weak interactions...

membrane protein also known as single-spanning protein or bitopic protein is a transmembrane protein that spans the lipid bilayer only once. These proteins may...

Strabismus was originally identified as a Drosophila protein involved in planar cell polarity. Flies with mutated strabismus genes have altered development...

VirA is a protein histidine kinase which senses certain sugars and phenolic compounds. These compounds are typically found from wounded plants, and as...

Fetal proteins are high levels of proteins present during the fetal stage of development. Often related proteins assume similar roles after birth or in...

Adaptor protein may refer to: Signal transducing adaptor protein Vesicular transport adaptor protein Clathrin adaptor protein, also known as adaptin This...

vault protein, also known as lung resistance-related protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MVP gene. 78 copies of the protein assemble...

Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) or ice structuring proteins refer to a class of polypeptides produced by certain animals, plants, fungi and bacteria that permit...

many viruses. DNA and ribonucleic acid (RNA) are nucleic acids. Alongside proteins, lipids and complex carbohydrates (polysaccharides), nucleic acids are...

membrane protein (IMP) is a type of membrane protein that is permanently attached to the biological membrane. All transmembrane proteins can be classified...

and groups of viral proteins include structural proteins, nonstructural proteins, regulatory proteins, and accessory proteins. Viruses are non-living...

Protein crystallization is the process of formation of a regular array of individual protein molecules stabilized by crystal contacts. If the crystal is...

Unconventional protein secretion (known as ER/Golgi-independent protein secretion or nonclassical protein export) represents a manner in which the proteins are delivered...

molecular biology, protein fold classes are broad categories of protein tertiary structure topology. They describe groups of proteins that share similar...

Protein BTG3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BTG3 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the BTG/Tob family. This family...

molecular biology, proteins are generally thought to adopt unique structures determined by their amino acid sequences. However, proteins are not strictly...

Protein C, also known as autoprothrombin IIA and blood coagulation factor XIV, is a zymogen, that is, an inactive enzyme. The activated form plays an...

Copper proteins are proteins that contain one or more copper ions as prosthetic groups. Copper proteins are found in all forms of air-breathing life. These...

molecular biology, protein threading, also known as fold recognition, is a method of protein modeling which is used to model those proteins which have the...

Mycoprotein (lit. "protein from fungus"), also known as mycelium-based protein or fungal protein, is a form of single-cell protein derived from fungi...

Kaede is a photoactivatable fluorescent protein naturally originated from a stony coral, Trachyphyllia geoffroyi. Its name means "maple" in Japanese....

M1 protein is a matrix protein of the influenza virus. It forms a coat inside the viral envelope. This is a bifunctional membrane/RNA-binding protein that...

A secretory protein is any protein, whether it be endocrine or exocrine, which is secreted by a cell. Secretory proteins include many hormones, enzymes...

The net protein utilization (NPU) is the percentage of ingested nitrogen that is retained in the body. It is used to determine the nutritional efficiency...

integral membrane protein found on activated antigen-presenting cells (APC) that, when paired with either a CD28 or CD152 (CTLA-4) surface protein on a T cell...

Retinylidene proteins, or rhodopsins in a broad sense, are proteins that use retinal as a chromophore for light reception. They are the molecular basis...

The family of non-collagenous proteins known as SIBLING proteins, standing for small integrin-binding ligand, N-linked glycoprotein, are components of...

In molecular biology, the hexon protein is a major coat protein found in adenoviruses. Hexon coat proteins are synthesised during late infection and form...

acid motif in proteins that typically consists of at least six histidine (His) residues, often at the N- or C-terminus of the protein. It is also known...

Chickpea protein is obtained from chickpeas (Cicer arietinum) using different extraction processes based either on the isoelectric pH point, air classification...

Protein nanotechnology is a field of research that integrates the diverse physicochemical properties of proteins with nanoscale technology. This field...

The S100 proteins are a family of low molecular-weight proteins found in vertebrates characterized by two calcium-binding sites that have helix-loop-helix...

Protein music or, more broadly, genetic music (including DNA music) is a musical technique where music is composed by converting protein sequences or DNA...

Major intrinsic proteins (MIPs) comprise a large superfamily of transmembrane protein channels that are grouped together on the basis of homology. The...

protein or a functional RNA molecule. This process involves multiple steps, including the transcription of the gene's sequence into RNA. For protein-coding...

sequence at 3' end. Proteins: consisting of gag proteins, protease (PR), pol proteins, and env proteins. Group-specific antigen (gag) proteins are major components...

Photoreceptor proteins are light-sensitive proteins involved in the sensing and response to light in a variety of organisms. Some examples are rhodopsin...

P protein, also known as melanocyte-specific transporter protein or pink-eyed dilution protein homolog, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the oculocutaneous...

Protein BTG2 also known as BTG family member 2 or NGF-inducible anti-proliferative protein PC3 or NGF-inducible protein TIS21, is a protein that in humans...

XK (also known as Kell blood group precursor) is a protein found on human red blood cells and other tissues which is responsible for the Kx antigen which...

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a family of proteins produced by cells in response to exposure to a stressor. They were first described in relation to the...

Protein Science is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research on the structure, function, and biochemical significance of proteins, their role...

The Catabolite repression control (Crc) protein participates in suppressing expression of several genes involved in utilization of carbon sources in Pseudomonas...

Histidine-containing phosphocarrier protein (HPr) is a small cytoplasmic protein that is a component of the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase...

The metabolic window (also called the anabolic window or protein window) is a term used in strength training to describe the 2 hour (may depend on the...

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), also known as seven-(pass)-transmembrane domain receptors, 7TM receptors, heptahelical receptors, serpentine receptors...

More Protein is a record label started by Boy George and Jeremy Healy in 1989. It was created after finding a label to release the Jeremy Healy produced...

Milk allergy is an adverse immune reaction to one or more proteins in cow's milk. Symptoms may take hours to days to manifest, with symptoms including...

Protein SET, also known as Protein SET 1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SET gene. Protein SET has been shown to interact with: Acidic...

also /-tɑːn/ -⁠tahn; Japanese: セイタン) is a food made from gluten, the main protein of wheat. It is also known as miànjīn (Chinese: 麵筋), fu (Japanese: 麩),...

Tight junction protein are proteins that are involved in the formation and functioning of tight junctions; "Tight junction protein" may refer to: TJP1...

Omega Protein Corporation was a publicly traded US company, founded in 1913 as a fishing operation. As of 2015 it still operated a fishing fleet, and...

In biochemistry, a hypothetical protein is a protein whose existence has been predicted, but for which there is a lack of experimental evidence that it...

biology the SeqA protein is found in bacteria and archaea. The function of this protein is highly important in DNA replication. The protein negatively regulates...

Lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LBP gene. LBP is a soluble acute-phase protein that binds to bacterial...

Motor proteins are a class of molecular motors that can move along the cytoskeleton of cells. They do this by converting chemical energy into mechanical...

such a protein are monoclonal protein, M protein, M component, M spike, spike protein, or paraprotein. This proliferation of the myeloma protein has several...

molecular biology, protein catabolism is the breakdown of proteins into smaller peptides and ultimately into amino acids. Protein catabolism is a key...

The membrane (M) protein (previously called E1, sometimes also matrix protein) is an integral membrane protein that is the most abundant of the four major...

information from protein structure to understand phylogenetic relationships, and translates those evolutionary insights into understanding protein structure...

V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) is a type I transmembrane protein that functions as an immune checkpoint and is encoded by the VSIR gene...

CAD protein (carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamylase, and dihydroorotase) is a trifunctional multi-domain enzyme involved in the...

adaptors which can regulate the activity of other proteins through their ability to mediate protein-protein interactions. This family contains members in...

targeting chimera (PROTAC) is a molecule that can remove specific unwanted proteins. Rather than acting as a conventional enzyme inhibitor, a PROTAC works...

uncoupling protein (UCP) is a mitochondrial inner membrane protein that is a regulated proton channel or transporter. An uncoupling protein is thus capable...

In biochemistry and pharmacology, receptors are proteins that receive and transduce signals that may be integrated into biological systems. These signals...

A mosaic protein is a protein that is made up of different protein domains, giving the protein multiple functions. These proteins have quaternary structures...

A protein superfamily is the largest grouping (clade) of proteins for which common ancestry can be inferred (see homology). Usually this common ancestry...

different species of Drosophila suggested that, if a mutation changes a protein produced by a gene, the result is likely to be harmful, with an estimated...

"value" of various kinds of protein. Measures include the biological value, net protein utilization, protein efficiency ratio, protein digestibility corrected...

domain Beclin-1-interacting and cysteine-rich domain-containing protein) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RUBCN gene. Rubicon is one of the...

the found by PSI-BLAST proteins to the known families. The unclassified proteins are grouped according to similarity. PSI Protein Classifier allows to measure...

A movement protein (MP) is a specific virus-encoded protein that is thought to be a general feature of plant genomes. For a virus to infect a plant, it...

Ancient proteins are complex mixtures and the term palaeoproteomics is used to characterise the study of proteomes in the past. Ancients proteins have been...

Protein methylation is a type of post-translational modification featuring the addition of methyl groups to proteins. It can occur on the nitrogen-containing...

Zinc finger protein 121 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF121 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000197961 – Ensembl, May 2017 "Human...

Protein–ligand docking is a molecular modelling technique. The goal of protein–ligand docking is to predict the position and orientation of a ligand (a...

repressor of primer, or as RNA one modulator (ROM)) is a small dimeric protein responsible for keeping the copy number of ColE1 family and related bacterial...

MER34 ORF, or ERVMER34-1) is a human endogenous retroviral (HERV) envelope protein encoded by a proviral remnant of the MER34 retrovirus family on chromosome...

smooth protein shell; this structure is similar to the dengue fever virus, another Flavivirus. The protein shell is made of two structural proteins: the...

Atos homolog protein B (or ATOSB), is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the ATOSB gene (previously denoted FAM214B). The protein has 538 amino acids...

Ci protein, short for Cubitus interruptus, is a zinc finger containing transcription factor involved in the Hedgehog signaling pathway. In the absence...

Nef (Negative Regulatory Factor) is a small, 27–35 kDa myristoylated protein encoded by primate lentiviruses. These include human immunodeficiency viruses...

Protein acetylation (and deacetylation) are acetylation reactions that occur within living cells as drug metabolism, by enzymes in the liver and other...

Protein Power is a high-protein, low carbohydrate fad diet developed by physician Michael R. Eades and his wife Mary Dan Eades. The Eades promoted the...

Twinkle protein also known as twinkle mtDNA helicase is a mitochondrial protein that in humans is encoded by the TWNK gene (also known as C10orf2 or PEO1)...

Protein detoxification is the process by which proteins containing methylated arginine are broken down and removed from the body. Arginine (Arg) is a...

Highwire (Hiw) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase protein associated with neuromuscular junction growth. It is frequently studied in Drosophila melanogaster. Its...

SR proteins are a conserved family of proteins involved in RNA splicing. SR proteins are named because they contain a protein domain with long repeats...

chloroplast proteins Membrane protein Integral membrane protein Peripheral membrane protein Extracellular matrix proteins Blood protein Mammalian proteins Vertebrate...

surface penetration occurring. The adsorption of larger biomolecules such as proteins is of high physiological relevance, and as such they adsorb with different...

Protein A/G is a recombinant fusion protein that combines IgG binding domains of both protein A and protein G. Protein A/G contains four Fc binding domains...

subunit arrangements are observed in protein structures. A dodecamer (protein) is a protein complex with 12 protein subunits. A common subunit arrangement...

Protein therapeutics are proteins used as experimental or approved therapies for disease states. They include "monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), peptide hormones...

Staufen is a protein product of a maternally expressed gene first identified in Drosophila melanogaster. The protein has been implicated in helping regulate...

morphogenetic protein 8 (BMP8) may refer to: Bone morphogenetic protein 8A (BMP8A) Bone morphogenetic protein 8B (BMP8B) Bone morphogenetic protein This disambiguation...

Protein & Cell is a monthly peer-reviewed open access journal covering protein and cell biology. It was established in 2010 and is published by Springer...

and integrin-binding protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CIB1 gene and is located in chromosome 15. The protein encoded by this gene...

Parkin is a 465-amino acid residue E3 ubiquitin ligase, a protein that in humans and mice is encoded by the PRKN (also known as PARK2) gene. Parkin plays...

Knotted proteins are proteins whose backbones entangle themselves in a knot. One can imagine pulling a protein chain from both termini, as though pulling...

p53, also known as tumor protein p53, TP53, cellular tumor antigen p53 (UniProt name), or transformation-related protein 53 (TRP53) is a regulatory transcription...

functions such as detoxification of the organism, and the synthesis of various proteins and various other biochemicals necessary for digestion and growth. In humans...

In cell biology, Dullard protein is a protein coding gene involved in neural development. It is a member of DXDX(T/V) phosphatase family and is a potential...

Zinc finger protein 200 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF200 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000010539 – Ensembl, May 2017 "Human...

Protein subfamily is a level of protein classification, based on their close evolutionary relationship. It is below the larger levels of protein superfamily...

are proteins which contain oligosaccharide (sugar) chains covalently attached to amino acid side-chains. The carbohydrate is attached to the protein in...

Zinc finger protein 586 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF586 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000083828 – Ensembl, May 2017 "Human...

Vpu is an accessory protein that in HIV is encoded by the vpu gene. Vpu stands for "Viral Protein U". The Vpu protein acts in the degradation of CD4 in...

proteomics refers to the use of bottom-up proteomics techniques in identifying proteins in complex mixtures using a combination of high performance liquid chromatography...

Zinc finger protein 557 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF557 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000130544 – Ensembl, May 2017 "Human...

Plasma protein binding refers to the degree to which medications attach to blood proteins within the blood plasma. A drug's efficacy may be affected by...

([pref. protein]; -pathy [suff. disease]; proteinopathies pl.; proteinopathic adj), or proteopathy, protein conformational disorder, or protein misfolding...

Transmembrane protein 268 is a protein that in humans is encoded by TMEM268 gene. The protein is a transmembrane protein of 342 amino acids long with eight...

Cameleon is an engineered protein based on variant of green fluorescent protein used to visualize calcium levels in living cells. It is a genetically...

Maltose-binding protein (MBP) is a part of the maltose/maltodextrin system of Escherichia coli, which is responsible for the uptake and efficient catabolism...

A mutant protein is the protein product encoded by a gene with mutation. Mutated protein can have single amino acid change (minor, but still in many cases...

Stanley Owen Green (22 February 1915 – 12 December 1993), known as the "Protein Man", was an English human billboard in central London in the latter half...

Talin is a high-molecular-weight cytoskeletal protein concentrated at regions of cell–substratum contact and, in lymphocytes, at cell–cell contacts. Discovered...

small, very hydrophobic proteins that destabilise the function of many membrane proteins in the infected cell. The E5 protein of some animal papillomavirus...

Antiviral proteins are proteins that are induced by human or animal cells to interfere with viral replication. These proteins are isolated to inhibit...

Lipid-anchored proteins (also known as lipid-linked proteins) are proteins that are covalently attached to lipids embedded into biological membranes....

Polygalacturonase inhibitor proteins (PGIPs), also known as polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins, are plant proteins capable of inhibiting the action...

Protein–energy undernutrition (PEU), once called protein–energy malnutrition (PEM), is a form of malnutrition that is defined as a range of conditions...

is an antibody that works within the cell to bind to an intracellular protein. Due to the lack of a reliable mechanism for bringing antibodies into a...

with diverse cellular Activities) proteins (more commonly referred to as "triple-A ATPases") are a large group of protein family sharing a common conserved...

molecular biology, a protein-fragment complementation assay, or PCA, is a method for the identification and quantification of protein–protein interactions. In...

Protein quinary structure refers to the features of protein surfaces that are shaped by evolutionary adaptation to the physiological context of living...

In biology, scaffold proteins are crucial regulators of many key signalling pathways. Although scaffolds are not strictly defined in function, they are...

maintaining proteostasis include regulated protein translation, chaperone assisted protein folding, and protein degradation pathways. Adjusting each of these...

Artemis is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DCLRE1C (DNA cross-link repair 1C) gene. Artemis is a nuclear protein that is involved in V(D)J recombination...

Interacting Protein (HIP) may refer to: HIP1 (Huntingtin-interacting protein 1) HIP1R (Huntingtin-interacting protein 1 related protein) HIP2 (Huntingtin-interacting...

to the stability to the entropically unfavorable folded conformation of proteins. Although non-covalent interactions are known to be relatively weak interactions...

host cells. Not all viruses have envelopes. A viral envelope protein or E protein is a protein in the envelope, which may be acquired by the capsid from...

biological field, it refers to the use of a probe to link proteins together to check for protein–protein interactions, as well as other creative cross-linking...

Momordin or α-momorcharin is one of several related proteins isolated from several plants of the genus Momordica, which includes the bitter melon (M. charantia)...

Nuclear protein) also known as GTP-binding nuclear protein Ran is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAN gene. Ran is a small 25 kDa protein that...

Prickle is also known as REST/NRSF-interacting LIM domain protein, which is a putative nuclear translocation receptor. Prickle is part of the non-canonical...

shock protein 90) is a chaperone protein that assists other proteins to fold properly, stabilizes proteins against heat stress, and aids in protein degradation...

recruits proteins I, L, K, and G/T to add protein H. Once G and G/T leave the complex, protein V can assemble onto the J/H scaffold. Then, protein U is added...

prostaglandin), peptides (e.g. insulin, ACTH), carbohydrates, glycosylated proteins (proteoglycans), nucleic acids, etc. Peptide and lipid ligands are particularly...

membrane proteins, 62 are peripheral proteins on the stroma side, and 68 peripheral proteins on the lumenal side. Additional low-abundance lumenal proteins can...

Single-cell proteins (SCP) or microbial proteins refer to edible unicellular microorganisms. The biomass or protein extract from pure or mixed cultures...

Smaug is a RNA-binding protein in Drosophila that helps in maternal to zygotic transition (MZT). The protein is named after the fictional character Smaug...

transmembrane protein. The transmembrane proteins interacts with Gɑβ𝛾. Gαs separates from Gβ𝛾 and interacts with the transmembrane protein adenylyl cyclase...

by far the most important are the 22 α-amino acids incorporated into proteins. Only these 22 appear in the genetic code of life. Amino acids can be classified...

Proteinuria is the presence of excess proteins in the urine. In healthy persons, urine contains very little protein, less than 150 mg/day; an excess is...

Alzheimer's disease. The peptides derive from the amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP), which is cleaved by beta secretase and gamma secretase to yield...

Regulator of G protein signaling 4 also known as RGP4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RGS4 gene. RGP4 regulates G protein signaling. Regulator...

interacting protein (ERBB2IP), also known as erbin, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the ERBB2IP gene. Discovered in 1997, erbin is a 200kDa protein containing...

Noggin, also known as NOG, is a protein that is involved in the development of many body tissues, including nerve tissue, muscles, and bones. In humans...

Serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP or SPE) is a laboratory test that examines specific proteins in the blood called globulins. The most common indications...

protein BACH1 BRWD1: encoding bromodomain and WD repeat-containing protein 1 BTG3: encoding protein BTG3 C21orf58: encoding uncharacterized protein C21orf58...

elements, fatty acids, protein and electrolyte balance. Carbohydrates may be entirely absent, or substituted for a portion of the protein; this choice has important...

Transmembrane protein 89 (TMEM89) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM89 gene. The TMEM89 gene is found on the minus strand of chromosome...

Protein chemical shift re-referencing is a post-assignment process of adjusting the assigned NMR chemical shifts to match IUPAC and BMRB recommended standards...

Zinc finger protein 229 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF229 gene. The ZNF229 gene is involved in regulating transcription as it can bind...

A pentameric protein is a quaternary protein structure that consists of five protein subunits. If all subunits are identical, the protein in a homopentamer...

Regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) are protein structural domains or the proteins that contain these domains, that function to activate the GTPase...

Red fluorescent protein (RFP) is a protein which acts as a fluorophore, fluorescing red-orange when excited. The original variant occurs naturally in the...

Protein function prediction methods are techniques that bioinformatics researchers use to assign biological or biochemical roles to proteins. These proteins...

Zinc finger protein 772 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF772 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000197128 – Ensembl, May 2017 "Human...

cAMP receptor protein (CRP; also known as catabolite activator protein, CAP) is a regulatory protein in bacteria. CRP protein binds cyclic adenosine monophosphate...

Protein mass spectrometry refers to the application of mass spectrometry to the study of proteins. Mass spectrometry is an important method for the accurate...

The retinoblastoma protein (protein name abbreviated Rb or pRb; gene name abbreviated Rb, RB or RB1) is a tumor suppressor protein that is dysfunctional...

The protein nitrogen unit (PNU) measures the potency of the compounds used in allergy skin tests, and is equivalent to 0.01 microgram (μg) of phosphotungstic...

factors) are a class of proteins that are closely related members of the TGF-beta superfamily of growth factors. These proteins are secreted and play a...

The cytoskeleton is a complex, dynamic network of interlinking protein filaments present in the cytoplasm of all cells, including those of bacteria and...

Hemoglobin (haemoglobin, Hb or Hgb) is a protein containing iron that facilitates the transportation of oxygen in red blood cells. Almost all vertebrates...

The SecY protein is the main transmembrane subunit of the bacterial Sec export pathway and of a protein-secreting ATPase complex, also known as a SecYEG...

Zinc finger protein 880 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF880 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000221923 – Ensembl, May 2017 "Human...

density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-associated protein 1 also known as LRPAP1 or RAP is a chaperone protein which in humans is encoded by the LRPAP1...

Zinc finger protein 530 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF530 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000183647 – Ensembl, May 2017 "Human...

rapamycin is a serine-threonine protein kinase that regulates cell growth, cell proliferation, cell motility, cell survival, protein synthesis, autophagy, and...

The second meal of the diet included either a Special K Protein Meal Bar, Special K Protein Shake, or another serving of Special K cereal with 2/3 cup...

A high-protein diet is a diet in which 40% or more of the total daily calories come from protein. Many high protein diets are high in saturated fat and...

Tet repressor proteins (otherwise known as TetR) are proteins playing an important role in conferring antibiotic resistance to large categories of bacterial...

signal is transmitted through a cell as a series of molecular events. Proteins responsible for detecting stimuli are generally termed receptors, although...

Protein tertiary structure is the three-dimensional shape of a protein. The tertiary structure will have a single polypeptide chain "backbone" with one...

LYRM protein (Leucine-Tyrosine-Arginine motif) also known as LYRMs, are a superfamily of small (11–22 kDa), basic, predominantly mitochondrial proteins found...

Peripheral membrane proteins, or extrinsic membrane proteins, are membrane proteins that adhere only temporarily to the biological membrane with which...

Zinc finger protein 749 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF749 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000186230 – Ensembl, May 2017 "Human...

The Protein Information Resource (PIR), located at Georgetown University Medical Center, is an integrated public bioinformatics resource to support genomic...

receptor-interacting protein (AIP) also known as aryl hydrocarbon receptor-interacting protein, immunophilin homolog ARA9, or HBV X-associated protein 2 (XAP-2)...

Polypeptides that have a molecular mass of 10,000 Da or more are called proteins. Chains of fewer than twenty amino acids are called oligopeptides, and...

Protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) is an amplification technique (conceptually like polymerase chain reaction (PCR) but not involving nucleotides)...

Rieske proteins are iron–sulfur protein (ISP) components of cytochrome bc1 complexes and cytochrome b6f complexes and are responsible for electron transfer...

A ribosomal protein (r-protein or rProtein) is any of the proteins that, in conjunction with rRNA, make up the ribosomal subunits involved in the cellular...

trimer of the S protein. The S protein is in turn composed of an S1 and S2 subunit. The homotrimeric S protein is a class I fusion protein which mediates...

Protein metabolism denotes the various biochemical processes responsible for the synthesis of proteins and amino acids (anabolism), and the breakdown of...

Transmembrane protein 19 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM19 gene. The TMEM19 gene is located on chromosome 12(12q21.1) spanning 18,966...

called spike protein, formerly known as E2) is the largest of the four major structural proteins found in coronaviruses. The spike protein assembles into...

GTP-binding protein regulators regulate G proteins in several different ways. Small GTPases act as molecular switches in signaling pathways, which act...

enzymology, a protein-disulfide reductase (glutathione) (EC 1.8.4.2) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction 2 glutathione + protein-disulfide ⇌...

codes for three structural proteins (capsid protein C, membrane protein M, envelope protein E) and seven nonstructural proteins (NS1, NS2a, NS2b, NS3, NS4a...

Arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs) are highly glycosylated proteins (glycoproteins) found in the cell walls of plants. Each one consists of a protein with sugar...

Smads (or SMADs) comprise a family of structurally similar proteins that are the main signal transducers for receptors of the transforming growth factor...

Protein M (locus MG281) is an immunoglobulin-binding protein originally found on the cell surface of the human pathogenic bacterium Mycoplasma genitalium...

Gem-associated protein 7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GEMIN7 gene. The gem-associated proteins are those found in the gems of Cajal bodies...

also known as folate receptor 4, folate receptor delta or IZUMO1R is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FOLR4 gene. Juno is a member of the folate...

Ku is a dimeric protein complex that binds to DNA double-strand break ends and is required for the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway of DNA repair...

Tsukushi or tsukushin is an extracellular matrix protein of the small leucine rich proteoglycan (SLRP) family. In humans it is encoded by the TSKU gene...

THEMIS is a protein encoded by the eponymous THEMIS gene. This protein plays a regulatory role in both positive and negative T cell selection during late...

Myosin binding protein H (MYBPH) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MYBPH gene. MYBPH is a structural muscle protein that shares sequence and...

junction recognition protein is a protein in humans that is encoded by the HJURP gene. "Entrez Gene: Holliday junction recognition protein". Retrieved 2013-05-17...

In molecular biology, the BtpA protein family is a family of proteins which includes BtpA. BtpA appears to play a role in the stabilisation of photosystem...

Transmembrane Protein 217 is a protein encoded by the gene TMEM217. TMEM217 has been found to have expression correlated with the lymphatic system and...

Titin (/ˈtaɪtɪn/; also called connectin) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TTN gene. The protein, which is over 1 μm in length, functions as...

The green fluorescent protein (GFP) is a protein that exhibits green fluorescence when exposed to light in the blue to ultraviolet range. The label GFP...

The Hfq protein (also known as HF-I protein) encoded by the hfq gene was discovered in 1968 as an Escherichia coli host factor that was essential for...

Zinc finger protein 621 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF621 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000172888 – Ensembl, May 2017 "Human...

Immunoglobulin-binding protein, or sometimes Immunoglobulin binding protein is a generic name for any protein that binds immunoglobulins. It, therefore...

The envelope (E) protein is the smallest and least well-characterized of the four major structural proteins found in coronavirus virions. It is an integral...

Protein diet may refer to: High-protein diet Low-protein diet This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Protein diet. If an internal...

by matrix protein and an envelope containing viral glycoproteins. There are 11 proteins, described further in the table below. Surface protein G (glycoprotein)...

A protein skimmer or foam fractionator is a device used to remove organic compounds such as food and waste particles from water. It is most commonly used...

Zinc finger protein 439 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF439 gene. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information...

(9; 22) (q34; q11)] results in the fusion gene BCR::ABL1. The oncogenic protein with persistently enhanced tyrosine kinase (TK) activity transcribed by...

The Protein–RNA Interface Database (PRIDB) is a database of protein–RNA interfaces extracted from the Protein Data Bank. RNA-binding protein Protein Data...

Zinc finger protein 517 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF517 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000197363 – Ensembl, May 2017 "Human...

Storage proteins serve as biological reserves of metal ions and amino acids, used by organisms. They are found in plant seeds, egg whites, and milk. Ferritin...

membrane transport protein is a membrane protein involved in the movement of ions, small molecules, and macromolecules such as another protein, across a biological...

Cytokine-inducible SH2-containing protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CISH gene. CISH orthologs have been identified in most mammals...

While prokaryotes do not possess eukaryotic organelles, some do contain protein-shelled bacterial microcompartments, which are thought to act as primitive...

-soʊm/) is a ribonucleoprotein particle found in all cells that synthesizes proteins by translating genetic information encoded in messenger RNA (mRNA). During...

Dopamine receptor D2, also known as D2R, is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the DRD2 gene. After work from Paul Greengard's lab had suggested...

finger protein 521 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF521 gene. It was formerly named EHZF (early hematopoietic zinc finger protein), and...

structural and functional roles in membrane and secreted proteins. The majority of proteins synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum undergo glycosylation...

as tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 13 (TNFSF13), is a protein of the TNF superfamily recognized by the cell surface receptor TACI. It...

technique of precipitating a protein antigen out of solution using an antibody that specifically binds to that particular protein. This process can be used...

Protein replacement therapy is a medical treatment that supplements or replaces a protein in patients in whom that particular protein is deficient or...

Vacuolar protein sorting proteins are involved in the intracellular sorting and delivery of soluble vacuolar proteins. Kolesnikova L, Strecker T, Morita...

Tetratricopeptide repeat protein 39C is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TTC39C gene. TTC39C is one of three TTC39. Its function is currently...

identified in human cancer. Many cancer drugs target the proteins encoded by oncogenes. The resultant protein encoded by an oncogene is termed oncoprotein. Oncogenes...

Zinc finger protein 112 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF112 gene. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000052675 – Ensembl, May 2017 "Human...

Growth factor receptor-bound protein 10 also known as insulin receptor-binding protein Grb-IR is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GRB10 gene...

Transmembrane protein 182 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM182 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000170417 – Ensembl, May 2017 GRCm38:...

Protein ZGRF1 is a protein encoded in the human by the ZGRF1 gene also known as C4orf21, that has a weight of 236.6 kDa. The ZGRF1 gene product localizes...

galactose permease or GalP found in Escherichia coli is an integral membrane protein involved in the transport of monosaccharides, primarily hexoses, for utilization...

organized into multiple chromosomes – long strands of DNA dotted with various proteins, such as histones, that protect and organize the DNA. The genes within...

fat for desired muscle definition. Among the most widely used are high protein drinks, pre-workout blends and caffeinated energy drinks, branched-chain...

Zinc finger protein 180 is a protein that is encoded in humans by the ZNF180 gene. Zinc finger proteins have been shown to interact with nucleic acids...

of rapamycin complex 1, is a protein kinase complex that functions as a nutrient/energy/redox sensor and controls protein synthesis. mTOR Complex 1 (mTORC1)...

In molecular biology, LSm proteins are a family of RNA-binding proteins found in virtually every cellular organism. LSm is a contraction of 'like Sm'...

Protein Arginine Phosphatase (PAPs), also known as Phosphoarginine Phosphatase, is an enzyme that catalyzes the dephosphorylation of phosphoarginine residues...

genome is utilized for coding proteins. An interesting feature of this viral genome is that it has a terminal 55 kDa protein associated with each of the...

Tuberous sclerosis proteins 1 and 2, also known as TSC1 (hamartin) and TSC2 (tuberin), form a protein-complex that functions as a GAP for Rheb. The complex...

SMC proteins represent a large family of ATPases that participate in many aspects of higher-order chromosome organization and dynamics. SMC proteins are...

the native secondary, and/or tertiary, and/or quaternary structures of proteins or nucleic acids resulting in a loss of bioactivity. Note 1: Modified from...

digest solid food. Milk contains many nutrients, including calcium and protein, as well as lactose and saturated fat; the enzyme lactase is needed to...

transfer protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PLTP gene. The protein encoded by this gene is one of at least two lipid transfer proteins found...

grain (the grass fruit) used in flour—the endosperm or protein/starchy part, the germ or protein/fat/vitamin-rich part, and the bran or fiber part—there...

crowding allows as many as 84 unique protein coding genes by 94 putative ORFs. These genes encode a variety of proteins involved in forming the capsid, tegument...

Protein chemical shift prediction is a branch of biomolecular nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy that aims to accurately calculate protein chemical...

citrullination: protein L-arginine + H2O ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } protein L-citrulline + NH3 Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are protein L-arginine...

Protein losing enteropathy (PLE) is a syndrome in which blood proteins are lost excessively via the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. It may be caused by many...

Neuroendocrine protein 7B2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SCG5 gene. The protein expressed by this gene is widely distributed in neuroendocrine...

Transmembrane protein 179 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM179 gene. The function of transmembrane protein 179 is not yet well understood...

Breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BRCA1 (/ˌbrækəˈwʌn/) gene. Orthologs are common in other vertebrate...

RNA-binding attenuation protein (TRAP protein) in species of Bacillus and related bacteria. This protein is encoded by the MtrB gene. TRAP protein forms an oligomer...

powerful frameworks for protein structure prediction, protein–protein interaction, and free energy calculations for protein structures. Using a graphical...

spaces between various animal cells. Gels of polysaccharides and fibrous proteins fill the interstitial space and act as a compression buffer against the...

Zinc finger protein 490 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF490 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000188033 – Ensembl, May 2017 "Human...

brassinosteroid), amino acid derivatives (e.g. epinephrine and auxin), protein or peptides (e.g. insulin and CLE peptides), and gases (e.g. ethylene and...

membrane attack complex. About 50 proteins and protein fragments make up the complement system, including plasma proteins, and cell membrane receptors. They...

Albumin is a family of globular proteins, the most common of which are the serum albumins. All of the proteins of the albumin family are water-soluble...

A late protein is a viral protein that is formed after replication of the virus. One example is VP4 from simian virus 40 (SV40). In Human papillomavirus...

4 protein components: P protein (a pyridoxal phosphate-dependent glycine decarboxylase), H protein (a lipoic acid-containing protein; this protein), T...

Spider silk is a protein fibre or silk spun by spiders. Spiders use silk to make webs or other structures that function as adhesive traps to catch prey...

Kelch-like protein 20 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KLHL20 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the kelch family of proteins, which...

Capicua transcriptional repressor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CIC gene. Capicua functions as a transcriptional repressor in a way that...

Protein C inhibitor (PCI, SERPINA5) is a serine protease inhibitor (serpin) that limits the activity of protein C (an anticoagulant). An N-terminal fragment...

octanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] + protein ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } protein N6-(octanoyl)lysine + acyl carrier protein Thus, the two substrates...

Zinc finger protein 716 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF716 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000182111 – Ensembl, May 2017 "Human...

Syntaxin-binding protein 1 (also known as Munc18-1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the STXBP1 gene. This gene encodes a syntaxin-binding protein. The encoded...

Lowry test. The biuret reaction can be used to assess the concentration of proteins because peptide bonds occur with the same frequency per amino acid in the...

American entrepreneur. He is a co-founder of Rxbar (formerly CEO), and David Protein. Rahal was raised in Glen Ellyn, Illinois. His father's side of the family...

GTPase-activating proteins or GTPase-accelerating proteins (GAPs) are a family of regulatory proteins whose members can bind to activated G proteins and stimulate...

Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) is a systemic, non-immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated food allergy to a specific trigger within food...

(TTC16) is an uncharacterized protein that in humans is encoded by the gene TTC16. Another alias for this gene is TPR repeat protein 16, but this is not commonly...

(German for a type of noodle) is an evolutionarily-conserved arthropod protein first identified in Drosophila melanogaster. It plays a role in embryonic...

mammalian milk, comprising about 80% of the proteins in cow's milk and between 20% and 60% of the proteins in human milk. Sheep and cow milk have a higher...

Proteins are present in wine. The most common proteins include thaumatin-like proteins and chitinases and have a role in the formation of turbidity (haze)...

60S ribosomal protein L30 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPL30 gene. Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist...

enzymes known as protein kinases which also attach phosphates to other amino acids such as serine and threonine. Phosphorylation of proteins by kinases is...

In computational biology, de novo protein structure prediction refers to an algorithmic process by which protein tertiary structure is predicted from its...

36 protein or ectoplasmic specialization protein, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ESPN gene. Espin is a microfilament binding protein. Espin...

multiple sequence alignment. The method can be used to 'resurrect' ancestral proteins and was suggested in 1963 by Linus Pauling and Emile Zuckerkandl. In the...

Protein-truncating variants (PTVs) are genetic variants predicted to shorten the coding sequence of genes, through ways like a stop-gain mutation. PTV...

Bence Jones protein is a monoclonal globulin protein or immunoglobulin light chain found in the urine, with a molecular weight of 22–24 kDa. Detection...

Proteolysis is the breakdown of proteins into smaller polypeptides or amino acids. Protein degradation is a major regulatory mechanism of gene expression...

at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) link Expert Protein Analysis System (ExPASy) link Neuroscience Information Framework (University...

Macrophage-capping protein (CAPG) also known as actin regulatory protein CAP-G is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CAPG gene. This gene encodes...

The S4 ribosomal protein leader is a ribosomal protein leader involved in ribosome biogenesis. It is used as an autoregulatory mechanism to control the...

Zinc finger protein 706 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF706 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000120963 – Ensembl, May 2017 GRCm38:...

Protein 4.1, (Erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1), is a protein associated with the cytoskeleton that in humans is encoded by the EPB41 gene. Protein...

category of traditional Gram-negative antibacterial medications that inhibit protein synthesis and contain as a portion of the molecule an amino-modified glycoside...

Erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EPB42 gene. It is part of the red blood cell cytoskeleton. Erythrocyte...

Nonstructural protein 3 (NS3), also known as p-70, is a viral nonstructural protein that is the 70 kDa cleavage product of the hepatitis C virus polyprotein...

therapeutic protein, monoclonal antibodies, and living medicines used in cell therapy. Biopharmaceuticals can be composed of sugars, proteins, nucleic acids...

Polymer-protein hybrids are a class of nanostructure composed of protein-polymer conjugates (i.e. complexes composed of one protein attached to one or...

in replication forks growing bi-directionally from the origin. Numerous proteins are associated with the replication fork to help in the initiation and...

Look up protein kinase in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Protein histidine kinase may refer to: Histidine kinase, an enzyme Protein-histidine tele-kinase...

Silent information regulator (SIR) proteins are involved in regulating gene expression. SIR proteins organize heterochromatin near telomeres, ribosomal...

The oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP)-related proteins (ORPs) are a family of lipid transfer proteins (LTPs). Concretely, they constitute a family of sterol...

protein 334 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF334 gene. This gene encodes a member of the C2H2 zinc finger family. The encoded protein...

ribosomal subunit protein uL14 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPL23 gene. Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist...

Zinc finger protein 208 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF208 gene. Zinc finger proteins (ZNFs), such as ZNF208, bind DNA and, through...

Golgi membrane protein 1 (GOLM1) also known as Golgi phosphoprotein 2 or Golgi membrane protein GP73 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GOLM1...

SecD and SecF are prokaryotic protein export membrane proteins. They are a part of the larger multimeric protein export complex comprising SecA, D, E,...

the protein Sprouty is a developmental protein involved in cell signalling. It works by inhibiting the MAPK/ERK pathway. The function of this protein has...

Transmembrane protein 151B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM151B gene. The Transmembrane protein 151B gene is also known as TMEM151B...

Protein BTG4 also known as BTG family member 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BTG4 gene (B-cell translocation gene 4). BTG4 has anti-proliferative...

Computational methods that use protein sequence and/ or protein structure to predict protein aggregation. The table below, shows the main features of...

Zinc finger protein 853 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF853 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000236609 – Ensembl, May 2017 "Human...

economies and cultures around the world. Meat is mainly composed of water, protein, and fat. Its quality is affected by many factors, including the genetics...

biochemist and computational biologist who has pioneered methods to design proteins and predict their three-dimensional structures. He is the Henrietta and...

Alpha-synuclein (aSyn) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SNCA gene. It is a neuronal protein involved in the regulation of synaptic vesicle...

Adrenocortical dysplasia protein homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ACD gene. This gene encodes a protein that is involved in telomere...

Penicillin-binding proteins (PBP) are a group of proteins that are characterized by their affinity for and binding of penicillin. They are a normal constituent...

known as AhR, AHR, ahr, ahR, AH receptor, or as the dioxin receptor) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AHR gene. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor...

more unique proteins than the number of protein-coding genes. The human reference genome contains somewhere between 19,000 and 20,000 protein-coding genes...

strips measure chemical properties such as pH, glucose concentration, and protein levels; and microscopy is performed to identify elements such as cells...

red blood cells and gametes) most cells are capable of replication, and protein synthesis. Some types of cell are motile. Cells emerged on Earth about...

Carbohydrate–protein interactions are the intermolecular and intramolecular interactions between protein and carbohydrate moieties. These interactions...

Visinin-like protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the VSNL1 gene. This gene is a member of the visinin/recoverin subfamily of neuronal calcium...

L-leucyl-tRNA + protein ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } tRNA + L-leucyl-protein Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are L-leucyl-tRNA and protein, whereas...

adaptor proteins (STAPs) are proteins that are accessory to main proteins in a signal transduction pathway. Adaptor proteins contain a variety of protein-binding...

Regulator of G-protein signaling 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RGS2 gene. It is part of a larger family of RGS proteins that control signalling...

irreversible conjugation of recombinant proteins. The peptide SpyTag (13 amino acids) spontaneously reacts with the protein SpyCatcher (12.3 kDa) to form an...

Notch proteins are a family of type 1 transmembrane proteins that form a core component of the Notch signaling pathway, which is highly conserved in animals...

HLA-DO functions as the accessory protein. Both HLA-DM and HLA-DO interact with each other to act as chaperone proteins and prevent the denaturing of MHC...

protein 2 is a protein in humans that is encoded by the MAP2 gene. This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the microtubule-associated protein family...

Protein methyltransferase II may refer to: Histone methyltransferase Protein-glutamate O-methyltransferase This set index page lists enzyme articles associated...

Zinc finger protein 347 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF347 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000197937 – Ensembl, May 2017 "Human...

In cell biology, catabolite activator protein (CAP), which is also known as cAMP receptor protein (CRP), is a trans-acting transcriptional activator in...

Eggshell membrane separation is a recycling process to separate the protein-rich eggshell membrane from the eggshell. Nearly 30% of the eggs consumed...

Transmembrane protein 251, also known as C14orf109 or UPF0694, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM251 gene. One notable feature of this protein is...

Calmodulin-binding proteins are, as their name implies, proteins which bind calmodulin. Calmodulin can bind to a variety of proteins through a two-step...

Cryptic protein, also cryptic family member 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CFC1 gene. CFC1 is located on chromosome 2 and encodes a member...

The tubby protein is encoded by the TUB gene. It is an upstream cell signaling protein common to multicellular eukaryotes. The first tubby gene was identified...

control of the levels of active protein; an irreversible event is proteolysis (protein degradation). PTMs enable the protein's function to be diversified and...

fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is a protein that is encoded by the GFAP gene in humans. It is a type III intermediate filament (IF) protein that is expressed...

(RNase), deoxyribonucleases (DNase), lipase, plasminogen, and major basic protein. These mediators are released by a process called degranulation following...

helminth protein, or helminthic antigen, is a protein derived from a parasitic worm that causes an immune reaction. When secreted, these proteins may modify...

is a transmembrane protein that is a receptor for members of the epidermal growth factor family (EGF family) of extracellular protein ligands. The epidermal...

In molecular biology, trimeric autotransporter adhesins (TAAs), are proteins found on the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Bacteria use TAAs in...

Replication protein A (RPA) is the major protein that binds to single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) in eukaryotic cells. In vitro, RPA shows a much higher affinity...

of a gene, and is read by a ribosome in the process of synthesizing a protein. mRNA is created during the process of transcription, where an enzyme (RNA...

An enzyme is a biological macromolecule, usually a protein, that acts as a biological catalyst, accelerating chemical reactions without being consumed...

Gi protein alpha subunit is a family of heterotrimeric G protein alpha subunits. Gi proteins primarily inhibit the cAMP dependent pathway by inhibiting...

Protein translocase may refer to: Translocon complexes SecY and Sec61 Translocase of the inner membrane Translocase of the outer membrane See also Sorting...

model refinement, computational protein design, and modeling of proteins in membranes. It was also argued that some protein force fields operate with energies...

β-catenin (beta-catenin), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CTNNB1 gene. β-Catenin is a dual function protein, involved in regulation and coordination...

Transmembrane protein 201 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM201 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000188807 – Ensembl, May 2017 GRCm38:...

Protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) is a method of evaluating the quality of a protein based on both the amino acid requirements...

Small proteins are a diverse fold class of proteins (usually <100 amino acids long). Their tertiary structure is usually maintained by disulphide bridges...

secretory proteins, often abbreviated as CRISPs, are a group of glycoproteins. They are a subgroup of the CRISP, antigen 5 and Pr-1 (CAP) protein superfamily...

Myelin P2 protein also peripheral myelin protein 2, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PMP2 gene. Myelin protein P2 is a constituent of peripheral...

Surfactant protein A is an innate immune system collectin. It is water-soluble and has collagen-like domains similar to SP-D. It is part of the innate...

Fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) is a form of liquid chromatography that is often used to analyze or purify mixtures of proteins. As in other...

Glutamate-rich protein 3, also known as Uncharacterized Protein C1orf173, is a protein encoded by the ERICH3 gene. ERICH3 was named "chromosome 1 open...

incorporated biosynthetically into proteins during translation from RNA. The word "proteinogenic" means "protein creating". Throughout known life, there...

been identified. Acquired protein C deficiency is caused by either depletion of available protein C in plasma or decreased protein C synthesis (caused by...

also known as ELMO3, is a human gene. The protein encoded by this gene is similar to a C. elegans protein that functions in phagocytosis of apoptotic...

Vegetarian burger Vegan chicken nuggets – made from pea protein, soy protein, textured vegetable protein, and wheat gluten Tofurkey – faux turkey, a meat substitute...

Hassabis and David Baker were awarded the 2024 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for protein structure prediction. Jumper served as a director at Google DeepMind for...

In enzymology, a protein xylosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.26) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction in which a beta-D-xylosyl residue is transferred...

Mitochondrial dynamics protein MID49 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MIEF2 gene. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants...

EosFP is a photoactivatable green to red fluorescent protein. Its green fluorescence (516 nm) switches to red (581 nm) upon UV irradiation of ~390 nm...

Quality Protein Maize (QPM) is a family of maize varieties with enhanced nutritional quality. QPM grain contains nearly twice as much lysine and tryptophan...