Province of Lecce

Province of Lecce

*Provincia di Lecce* (Italian)
*Provincia te Lècce* (Salentino)
Province of Lecce Provincia di Lecce (Italian); Provincia te Lècce (Salentino)
Province
	The Cathedral of Gallipoli
	Flag Coat of arms
	Map highlighting the location of the Province of Lecce in Italy
Country	Italy
Region	Apulia
Capital(s)	Lecce
Comuni	97
Government
• President	Stefano Minerva
Area
• Total	2,799.07 km2 (1,080.73 sq mi)
Population (30 June 2016)
• Total	802,807
• Density	290/km2 (740/sq mi)
GDP
• Total	€12.715 billion (2015)
• Per capita	€15,789 (2015)
Time zone	UTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code	73001-73100
Telephone prefix	0832, 0833, 0836
Vehicle registration	LE
ISTAT	075

The province of Lecce (Italian: provincia di Lecce; Salentino: provincia te Lècce) is a province in the Apulia region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Lecce. The province is called the "Heel of Italy".^[2] Located on the Salento peninsula, it is the second most-populous province in Apulia and the 21st most-populous province in Italy.^[3]

The province occupies an area of 2,799.07 square kilometres (1,080.73 sq mi) and has a total population of 802,807 (2016). There are 97 comuni (sg.: comune) in the province. It is surrounded by the provinces Taranto and Brindisi in the northwest, the Ionian Sea in the west, and the Adriatic Sea in the east.^[4] This location has established it as a popular tourist destination. It has been ruled by the Romans, Byzantine Greeks, Carolingians, Lombards, and Normans.^[5] The important towns are Lecce, Gallipoli, Nardò, Maglie, and Otranto.^[6] Its important agricultural products are wheat and corn.^[7]

History

The province of Lecce has its origins in the medieval Giustizierato, known then as the province of Terra d'Otranto. Since the eleventh century the Terra d'Otranto included the territories of the provinces of Lecce, Taranto and Brindisi, with the exception of Fasano and Cisternino. During this time Lecce was severely affected by poverty despite the production of olive oil.^[8] People from Lecce migrated to the Province of Bari, where they worked in the wine industry.^[9] Up to 1663, the province of Terra d'Otranto also included the territory of Matera (Basilicata). Its first capital was Otranto but in the Norman period (twelfth century), Lecce city was made the capital. After the unification of Italy, the name Terra d'Otranto was changed to province of Lecce and its territory was divided into the four districts; Lecce, Gallipoli, Brindisi and Taranto. Its break-up began in 1923 when the district of Taranto was transformed into the new province of the Ionian.^[10]

After the first world war economic conditions worsened and unemployment peaked. These factors, coupled with the negligence of the weak government, prompted farm workers to revolt against their employers. Farm owners were captured and paraded in public places.^[11] During the medieval era, Muslim slaves were transported from the province's ports and the practice of keeping slaves was common.^[12] Lecce stone extracted from the province has been used to decorate several historical monuments and is widely used for interior decoration.^[13]

Tourism

The San Cataldo Nature Reserve [it] is located in the province.^[14] It is a 28 hectares (69 acres) protected area that was set up in 1977 along the Adriatic coast near Leccce.^[15] The Reserve is home to a large number of animals such as foxes, hedgehogs, badgers, weasels, reptiles and birds. A variety of Mediterranean plants species is also found here.^[15] Lakes Alimini Grande and Alimini Piccolo are also located in the province.^[2] Lake Alimini Grande is surrounded by a rocky area covered with pine woods and Mediterranean vegetation; also, its depth does not exceed four meters, and the water is rich with shellfish. ^[16] Lake Alimini Piccolo is found further inland and consists of freshwater; this water comes from the groundwater channel of the Rio Grande. Alimini Piccolo's depth does not exceed half a meter. ^[17]

Another tourist destination is the Ciolo, which is a canyon and includes also many caves. It is a natural habitat for many species of vagile meiofauna and ferns.

Communes

Lecce has several ethnic and linguistic minority groups. A Griko community of around 40,000 lives in the Grecia Salentina region in the central area of the province, and there is an Arbëreshe community in Soleto.

Commune	Population
Lecce	95,411
Nardò	31,442
Galatina	26,887
Copertino	24,113
Gallipoli	20,264
Casarano	20,169
Tricase	17,621
Galatone	15,528
Surbo	15,190
Trepuzzi	14,757
Leverano	14,283
Maglie	14,196
Squinzano	14,100
Veglie	13,947
Monteroni di Lecce	13,925
Cavallino	12,787
Taviano	12,698
Taurisano	12,668
Ugento	12,327
Carmiano	12,307
Lizzanello	11,926
Matino	11,444
Racale	11,011
Campi Salentina	10,351
Martano	9,151