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receiving deoxygenated blood sent from the heart to receive oxygen (the pulmonary circulation) and a separate supply of oxygenated blood (the bronchial...

Pulmonary edema (British English: oedema), also known as pulmonary congestion, is excessive fluid accumulation in the tissue or air spaces (usually alveoli)...

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a blockage of an artery in the lungs by a substance that has moved from elsewhere in the body through the bloodstream (embolism)...

A pulmonary artery is an artery in the pulmonary circulation that carries deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs. The largest...

Pulmonary hypertension (PH or PHTN) is a condition of increased blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs. Symptoms include shortness of breath, fainting...

Pulmonary fibrosis is typically a condition in which the lungs become scarred over time. Symptoms include shortness of breath, a dry cough, feeling tired...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a long-term lung condition that makes it progressively harder to breathe. It occurs when the airways and...

South America from about AD 140. Although Richard Morton established the pulmonary form associated with tubercles as a pathology in 1689, due to the variety...

The pulmonary veins are the veins that transfer oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart. The largest pulmonary veins are the four main pulmonary veins...

Risk factors for pneumonia include cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), sickle cell disease, asthma, diabetes, heart failure,...

High-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) is a life-threatening form of non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema that occurs in otherwise healthy people at altitudes...

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), formerly known as cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis, is a rare, progressive illness of the respiratory system, characterized...

The pulmonary circulation is a division of the circulatory system in all vertebrates. The circuit begins with deoxygenated blood returned from the body...

A pulmonary alveolus (pl. alveoli; from Latin alveolus 'little cavity'), also called an air sac or air space, is one of millions of hollow, distensible...

discoveries relevant to the field of pulmonology was the discovery of pulmonary circulation. Originally, it was thought that blood reaching the right...

of the lung marked by abnormal enlargement of the alveoli with loss of pulmonary elasticity. Most commonly, emphysema refers to the permanent enlargement...

A pulmonary infiltrate is a substance denser than air, such as pus, blood, or protein, which lingers within the parenchyma of the lungs. Pulmonary infiltrates...

The pulmonary valve (sometimes referred to as the pulmonic valve) is a valve of the heart that lies between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery...

A pulmonary hematoma is a collection of blood within the tissue of the lung. It may result when a pulmonary laceration fills with blood. A lung laceration...

hilar lymphadenopathy (BHL) alone Stage II: BHL with pulmonary infiltrates Stage III: pulmonary infiltrates without BHL Stage IV: fibrosis Use of the...

Pulmonary hemorrhage (or pulmonary haemorrhage) is an acute bleeding from the lung, from the upper respiratory tract and the trachea, and the pulmonary...

Pulmonary hygiene, or airway hygiene, also referred to as pulmonary toilet, together with airway clearance therapy uses a number of methods to clear mucus...

Pulmonary restrictive conditions (e.g. fibrosis, sarcoidosis, alveolar damage, pleural effusion) Vascular diseases (e.g. pulmonary edema, pulmonary embolism...

Pulmonary rehabilitation, also known as respiratory rehabilitation, is an important part of the management and health maintenance of people with chronic...

A pulmonary contusion, also known as a lung contusion, is a bruise of the lung, caused by chest trauma. As a result of damage to capillaries, blood and...

Pulmonary aspiration is the entry of solid or liquid material such as pharyngeal secretions, food, drink, or stomach contents from the oropharynx or gastrointestinal...

The pulmonary wedge pressure, also called pulmonary arterial wedge pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, pulmonary artery occlusion pressure, or...

enough blood to absorb it, e.g. pulmonary embolism, Acute respiratory distress syndrome, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Congestive heart failure...

CT pulmonary angiogram (CTPA) is a medical diagnostic test that employs computed tomography (CT) angiography to obtain an image of the pulmonary arteries...

the alveoli (air sacs) of the lungs. It concerns alveolar epithelium, pulmonary capillary endothelium, basement membrane, and perivascular and perilymphatic...

Pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors are neuroendocrine tumors localized to the lung: bronchus or pulmonary parenchyma. Pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors include...

Anomalous pulmonary venous connection (or anomalous pulmonary venous drainage or anomalous pulmonary venous return) is a congenital heart defect of the...

Pulmonary (or pulmonic) regurgitation (or insufficiency, incompetence) is a condition in which the pulmonary valve is incompetent and allows backflow from...

Pulmonary angiography (or pulmonary arteriography,conventional pulmonary angiography, selective pulmonary angiography) is a medical fluoroscopic procedure...

inserted into a pulmonary artery in a procedure known as pulmonary artery catheterization or right heart catheterization. Pulmonary artery catheterization...

such as bacterial pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, tuberculosis, acute asthma, lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, influenza, and COVID-19...

Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV), also known as the Euler–Liljestrand mechanism, is a physiological phenomenon in which small pulmonary arteries...

Pulmonary toxicity, or lung toxicity, is the medical name for adverse effects on the lungs. Although most cases of pulmonary toxicity in medicine are due...

Pulmonary atresia is a congenital malformation of the pulmonary valve in which the valve orifice fails to develop. The valve is completely closed thereby...

the alveoli are deflated down to little or no volume, as distinct from pulmonary consolidation, in which they are filled with liquid. It is often referred...

main pulmonary artery. The pulmonary bay is usually concave, but in cases of diseases which cause enlargement of the pulmonary artery, the pulmonary bay...

elsewhere) Infection (empyema due to bacterial pneumonia) Trauma Pulmonary infarction Pulmonary embolism Autoimmune disorders Pancreatitis Ruptured esophagus...

Pulmonary drug delivery is a route of administration in which patients use an inhaler to inhale their medications and drugs are absorbed into the bloodstream...

Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA), also known as ovine pulmonary adenomatosis, or jaagsiekte, is a chronic and contagious disease of the lungs of sheep...

Pulmonary agenesis is an inborn lung underdevelopment that is rare and potentially lethal. The disorder is caused by a complete developmental arrest of...

Pulmonary artery agenesis refers to a rare congenital absence of pulmonary artery due to a malformation in the sixth aortic arch. It can occur bilaterally...

A pulmonary shunt is the passage of deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the left without participation in gas exchange in the pulmonary...

Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis is a long-term fungal infection caused by members of the genus Aspergillus—most commonly Aspergillus fumigatus. The term...

Swimming induced pulmonary edema (SIPE), also known as immersion pulmonary edema, is a life threatening condition that occurs when fluids from the blood...

radiographic features can resemble those of tuberculosis, pneumonia, or pulmonary edema, silicosis is sometimes misdiagnosed. There is no curative treatment;...

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a syndrome in which the blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries and pulmonary arterioles (the blood vessels...

pulmonary sequestration is a medical condition wherein a piece of tissue that ultimately develops into lung tissue is not attached to the pulmonary arterial...

Pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis (PCH) is a disease affecting the blood vessels of the lungs, where abnormal capillary proliferation and venous fibrous...

by four specific cardiac defects. Classically, the four defects are: pulmonary stenosis, which is narrowing of the exit from the right ventricle; a ventricular...

Pulmonary Artery Banding (PAB) was introduced by Muller and Dammann in 1951 as a surgical technique to reduce excessive pulmonary blood flow in infants...

artery and vein, and the anterior pulmonary plexus, lie in front of each, and the vagus nerve and posterior pulmonary plexus lie behind. The root is formed...

Pulmonary heart disease, also known as cor pulmonale, is the enlargement and failure of the right ventricle of the heart as a response to increased vascular...

circulation. However, measurement of pressures in the venous system and the pulmonary vessels plays an important role in intensive care medicine but requires...

pulmonary contusion, pulmonary laceration involves disruption of the architecture of the lung, while pulmonary contusion does not. Pulmonary laceration is commonly...

Pulmonary surfactant is a surface-active complex of phospholipids and proteins formed by type II alveolar cells. The proteins and lipids that make up...

tests of pulmonary function. The primary purpose of pulmonary function testing is to identify the severity of pulmonary impairment. Pulmonary function...

years. Many people with chronic bronchitis also have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Tobacco smoking is the most common cause, with a number...

Pulmonary interstitial emphysema (PIE) is a collection of air outside of the normal air space of the pulmonary alveoli, found instead inside the connective...

circulatory system has two divisions, a systemic circulation or circuit, and a pulmonary circulation or circuit. Some sources use the terms cardiovascular system...

Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis (IPH) is a lung disease of unknown cause that is characterized by alveolar capillary bleeding and accumulation of...

interstitial lung disease, congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or psychogenic causes, such as panic disorder and anxiety . The...

Pulmonary hypoplasia is an incomplete development of the lungs, resulting in an abnormally low number or small size of bronchopulmonary segments or alveoli...

Pulmonary vein stenosis is a rare cardiovascular disorder. It is recognized as being the stenosis of one or more of the four pulmonary veins that return...

Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD) is a rare form of pulmonary hypertension caused by progressive blockage of the small veins in the lungs. The blockage...

disorders, and pulmonary embolism. The most common cause is a viral infection. Other causes include bacterial infection, pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, autoimmune...

A pulmonary consolidation is a region of normally compressible lung tissue that has been filled with liquid instead of air. The condition is marked by...

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a long-term disease caused by a blockage in the blood vessels that deliver blood from the heart...

central nervous system condition was called the Paul Bert effect, and the pulmonary condition the Lorrain Smith effect, after the researchers who pioneered...

Pulmonary valve stenosis (PVS) is a heart valve disorder. Blood going from the heart to the lungs goes through the pulmonary valve, whose purpose is to...

Pulmonary artery stenosis (PAS) is a narrowing of the pulmonary artery. The pulmonary artery is a blood vessel moving blood from the right side of the...

the heart. These are the aortic valve at the aorta, and the pulmonary valve at the pulmonary artery. The heart also has a coronary sinus valve and an inferior...

and the blood is pumped into the pulmonary trunk through the pulmonary valve. The pulmonary trunk divides into pulmonary arteries and progressively smaller...

Pulmonary hyperplasia is a serious pathological event which occurs in neonatal medicine. It leads to pulmonary hypertension and acute respiratory distress...

A lung nodule or pulmonary nodule is a relatively small focal density in the lung. A solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) or coin lesion, is a mass in the lung...

The pulmonary plexus is an autonomic plexus formed from pulmonary branches of vagus nerve and the sympathetic trunk. The plexus is in continuity with...

Pulmonary artery sling (PAS) is a rare congenital vascular anomaly where the left pulmonary artery (LPA) originates abnormally from the right pulmonary...

Balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) is an emerging minimally invasive procedure to treat chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) in people...

Absent pulmonary valve syndrome (APVS) is a congenital heart defect that occurs when the flaps of the pulmonary valve do not develop or are severely underdeveloped...

A pulmonary tractotomy is a surgical technique to treat a penetrating lung injury. The tract of the lung injury is opened, and open bronchi and blood...

Pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect is a rare birth defect characterized by pulmonary valve atresia occurring alongside a defect on the right...

and pulmonary circulation to convert from the antenatal circulation pattern to the "normal" pattern. Infants experience a high mean arterial pulmonary artery...

In thoracic surgery, a pulmonary thromboendarterectomy (PTE), also referred to as pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA), is an operation that removes organized...

saturation. Pulmonary rehabilitation is an evidence-based intervention for the management of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)...

The condition is often misdiagnosed as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The first pneumothorax, or lung collapse, precedes the diagnosis...

originate in muscle bundles extending from the atrium to the pulmonary veins. Pulmonary vein isolation by transcatheter ablation can restore sinus rhythm...

used to treat two forms of pulmonary hypertension (PH): chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)...

Pulmonary talcosis, or clown lung, is a pulmonary disorder caused by talc. It has been related to silicosis resulting from inhalation of talc and silicates...

Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS), also called hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS), is a severe respiratory disease caused by hantavirus infection...

Exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH), also known as "bleeding" or a "bleeding attack", is the presence of blood in the airways of the lung in...

Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia (TPE, tropical eosinophilia, or Weingarten's syndrome) is characterized by cough, bronchospasm, wheezing, abdominal pain...

pericarditis, lung consolidation and pulmonary oedema Lung findings: Minor serous exudation, minor fibrin exudation Pulmonary oedema, pneumocyte hyperplasia...

is a medication used for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and progressive pulmonary fibrosis. It is a phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor...

Negative-pressure pulmonary edema (NPPE), also known as postobstructive pulmonary edema, is a clinical phenomenon that results from the generation of...

described as right-left, left-right or bidirectional, or as systemic-to-pulmonary or pulmonary-to-systemic. The direction may be controlled by left and/or right...

A pulmonary agent, or choking agent, is a chemical weapon agent designed to impede a victim's ability to breathe. Such compounds operate by causing a...

originate in muscle bundles extending from the atrium to the pulmonary veins. Pulmonary vein isolation by transcatheter ablation can restore sinus rhythm...

A pulmonary thrombectomy is an emergency surgical procedure used to remove blood clots from the pulmonary arteries. Mechanical thrombectomies can be surgical...

used to treat erectile dysfunction, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and pulmonary arterial hypertension. It is taken by mouth. Onset is typically within...

Pulmonary hyalinizing granuloma is a lesional pattern of pulmonary inflammatory pseudotumor. Pulmonary hyalinizing granuloma is characterized by localized...

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare lung disorder characterized by an abnormal accumulation of surfactant-derived lipoprotein compounds within...

life-saving thrombolytic drugs is limited to the first few hours of the stroke. Pulmonary tuberculosis is a bacterial infection of the lungs by Mycobacterium tuberculosis...

liver, kidneys, brain, and heart: Fibrothorax Pulmonary fibrosis Cystic fibrosis Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (idiopathic meaning 'of unknown cause')...

fixed obstruction of flow from the right ventricle of the heart to the pulmonary artery. It is usually first diagnosed in childhood. Some individuals with...

Johnston CR, Krishnaswamy N, Krishnaswamy G (2008). "The Hoover's sign of pulmonary disease: molecular basis and clinical relevance". Clinical and Molecular...

Integrated pulmonary index (IPI) is a patient pulmonary index which uses information from capnography and pulse oximetry to provide a single value that...

abdominal viscera − lacerations of the liver and spleen, fat emboli, pulmonary complications − pneumothorax, hemothorax, lung contusions. Most injuries...

Prominent scalp veins Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations are abnormal communications between the veins and arteries of the pulmonary circulation, leading...

Harrison "Hap" Farber is Professor of Medicine and Director of the Pulmonary Hypertension Center at Boston University. He attended undergraduate at Duke...

develop nail clubbing, while up to one in ten experience hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy (nail clubbing, joint soreness, and skin thickening)...

prevent further contamination. Pulmonary anthrax, if left untreated, is almost always fatal. Historically, pulmonary anthrax was called woolsorters'...

infarction or pulmonary infarction occurs when an artery to the lung becomes blocked and part of the lung dies. It is most often caused by a pulmonary embolism...

Scimitar syndrome, or congenital pulmonary venolobar syndrome, is a rare congenital heart defect characterized by anomalous venous return from the right...

which he described as perceptible passages (manafidh) between pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein. These passages would later be identified by Marcello Malpighi...

also called interventional pulmonary medicine) is a maturing medical sub-specialty from its parent specialty of pulmonary medicine. It deals specifically...

papillary muscles, which control the mitral. Pulmonary and tricuspid valve diseases are right heart diseases. Pulmonary valve diseases are the least common heart...

A pulmonary scientist is a health care occupation in the field of diagnostic studies related specifically to pulmonary function, the term respiratory scientist...

The Ross procedure, also known as pulmonary autograft, is a heart valve replacement operation to treat severe aortic valve disease, such as in children...

Transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement (TPVR), also known as percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation (PPVI), is the replacement of the pulmonary valve via...

Lipid-laden alveolar macrophages, also known as pulmonary foam cells, are cells found in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) specimens that consist of macrophages...

Esbriet among others, is a medication used for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. It works by reducing lung fibrosis through downregulation of...

by progressive scarring of both lungs. The scarring (pulmonary fibrosis) involves the pulmonary interstitium (the supporting framework of the lung). UIP...

care and cardio-pulmonary medicine in order to work therapeutically with people who have acute critical conditions, cardiac and pulmonary disease. Respiratory...

diseases (allergic conjunctivitis and rhinitis), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, bronchiectasis,...

of the heart and one of the two semilunar valves, the other being the pulmonary valve. The aortic valve normally has three cusps or leaflets, although...

the body. Exceptions that carry deoxygenated blood are the pulmonary arteries in the pulmonary circulation that carry blood to the lungs for oxygenation...

Pulmonary surfactant is used as a medication to treat and prevent respiratory distress syndrome in newborn babies. Prevention is generally done in babies...

inflammation that results in scar tissue formation. Diagnosis is by CT scan, pulmonary function tests or lung biopsy. A chest X-ray is often normal. While the...

detecting pulmonary embolism in X-ray films. It refers to the dilatation and abrupt change in calibre of a previously normal descending pulmonary artery...

Pulmonary sclerosing pneumocytoma is a rare benign tumour of the lung. The most common presentation is as an incidental lesion noticed on a chest x-ray...

The Pulmonary Vascular Research Institute (PVRI) is a global medical research charity. It is registered Charity in the United Kingdom (Charity No: 1127115)...

disease: Lung cancer Interstitial lung disease most commonly idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis Complicated tuberculosis Suppurative lung disease: lung abscess...

granulomatosis Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis Pulmonary calcifications Pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis Pulmonary contusion Pulmonary edema Pulmonary hemorrhage...

Pulmonary-renal syndrome (PRS) is a rare medical syndrome in which respiratory failure involving bleeding in the lungs and kidney failure (glomerulonephritis)...

increase in pulmonary capillary pressure and causing difficulty in breathing. It is also seen in cases of abdominal obesity or pulmonary disease. Orthopnea...

Right ventricular pressure Pulmonary artery pressure Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure Systemic vascular resistance Pulmonary vascular resistance Cardiac...

supply blood to the lungs when native pulmonary circulation is underdeveloped. Instead of coming from the pulmonary trunk, supply develops from the aorta...

aids the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. The sign indicates the dilatation of the proximal pulmonary arteries due to pulmonary embolism. It was named...

Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE), describes a medical syndrome involving both pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema. The combination is most...

be used to treat a variety of conditions ranging from lung cancer to pulmonary hypertension. Common operations include anatomic and nonanatomic resections...

result in hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) or hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). Symptoms of HFRS generally include headache, abdominal...

Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis (PAM) is a rare, inherited disorder of lung phosphate balance that is associated with small stone formation in the airspaces...

Pulmonary Circulation is a peer-reviewed medical journal covering the fields of pulmonary circulation and pulmonary vascular disease. It was established...

They are usually heard only with a stethoscope ("on auscultation"). Pulmonary crackles are abnormal breath sounds that were formerly referred to as...

enclosed pocket of air or gas in the lung and includes blebs, bullae, pulmonary cysts, and lung cavities. Blebs and bullae can be classified by their...

Bleeding from the lungs associated with leptospirosis is known as severe pulmonary haemorrhage syndrome. More than 10 genetic types of Leptospira cause disease...

increased work of breathing, and inadequate ventilation and/or oxygenation. Pulmonary function test demonstrates a decrease in the forced vital capacity. Due...

Pulmonary carcinoid tumour is a neuroendocrine tumour of the lung. There are two types: Typical pulmonary carcinoid tumour Atypical pulmonary carcinoid...

Vaping-associated pulmonary injury (VAPI), also known as vaping-associated lung injury (VALI) or e-cigarette or vaping, product use associated lung injury...

J-receptors, or pulmonary C-fiber receptors are sensory nerve endings located within the alveolar walls in juxtaposition to the pulmonary capillaries of...

peripheral resistance, while the resistance caused by the pulmonary circulation is known as the pulmonary vascular resistance. Vasoconstriction (i.e., decrease...

respiratory infection, followed by fever. On imaging it presents as an opaque pulmonary consolidation which is unusually round and can resemble a lung mass. However...

Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital (Chinese: 上海市肺科醫院), full name "Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University", also called "Shanghai Institute...

blood flow to the lungs in some forms of congenital heart disease such as pulmonary atresia and tetralogy of Fallot, which are common causes of blue baby...

Pulmonary stretch receptors are mechanoreceptors found in the lungs. When the lung expands, the receptors initiate the Hering-Breuer reflex, which reduces...

right ventricle and the pulmonary artery. Another way is systemic-to-pulmonary artery shunt in cases associated with pulmonary stenosis. Also, a balloon...

development of pulmonary edema (fluid in the alveoli). Cyanosis, indicates deficiency of oxygen in the blood, is a late sign of extremely severe pulmonary edema...

August 2011 Franquet, Tomás; Chung, Johnathan H. (2019). "Imaging of Pulmonary Infection". Diseases of the Chest, Breast, Heart and Vessels 2019-2022...

inferior venae cavae, pulmonary artery, pulmonary veins, and aorta. Congenital heart diseases involving only the primary arteries (pulmonary artery and aorta)...

artery stenosis Pulmonary artery stenosis Congenital or acquired abnormal narrowing of pulmonary arteries along any portion of the pulmonary artery tree Venous...

angiography. Pulmonary angiography is used to visualise the anatomy of pulmonary vessels. Pulmonary angiography may be used during embolization of pulmonary arteriovenous...

disease include asthma, bronchiectasis, bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Although COPD shares similar characteristics with all...

Vargatef, is an oral medication used for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and along with other medications for some types of non-small-cell...

In the United States, Certified Pulmonary Function Technician (CPFT) is a medical technician who is at least a Certified Respiratory Therapist and at...

Diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia (DIPNECH) is a diffuse parenchymal lung disease which often presents with symptoms of cough...

article in 1932 in which a name was finally given to the tumor, "superior pulmonary sulcus tumor". The Pancoast tumor is one of the rarer forms of lung cancer...

facial plethora, a hallmark sign of Cushing's syndrome. Pulmonary plethora is an increased pulmonary perfusion seen on chest X-rays. A plethora of fluid in...

including pre-capillary pulmonary hypertension (usually consistent with pulmonary arterial hypertension), post-capillary pulmonary hypertension due to left...

Typical pulmonary carcinoid tumour is a subtype of pulmonary carcinoid tumour. It is an uncommon low-grade malignant lung mass that is most often in the...

of the heart, and become lodged in a pulmonary artery that supplies blood to the lungs. This is called a pulmonary embolism (PE). DVT and PE comprise the...

in the trunks of the aorta and the pulmonary arteries and causing the requisite valves (the aortic and pulmonary valves) to open—which results in separated...

fact, hypersensitivity pneumonitis can often resemble IPF in terms of pulmonary fibrosis in that many patients experience hypoxemia. Although the prevalence...

clinical prediction rule used to classify patients suspected of having pulmonary embolism (PE) into risk groups by quantifying the pre-test probability...

The Pulmonary Hypertension Association (PHA) is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization that provides support, education, advocacy, and awareness association...

interstitium of the heart, the renal interstitium of the kidneys, and the pulmonary interstitium of the lungs. The interstitium in the submucosae of visceral...

on pulmonary vascular pathobiology and pulmonary hypertension. His current research is primarily focused on the pathogenic mechanisms of pulmonary vascular...

Hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis (HPG axis) Hypothalamic–neurohypophyseal system Pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNECs) are specialized airway epithelial cells that...

maneuver entails cutting the main pulmonary artery and moving it anterior to the aorta before reattaching the pulmonary artery during the following reconstruction...

Pneumonic plague is a severe lung infection caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. Symptoms include fever, headache, shortness of breath, chest pain...

rest of the difference is due to the continual uptake of oxygen by the pulmonary capillaries, and the continual diffusion of CO2 out of the capillaries...

lung disease: wheezing, digital clubbing, cyanosis, coughing up blood, pulmonary heart disease, and collapsed lung (atelectasis or pneumothorax). In rare...

Pulmonary pathology is the subspecialty of surgical pathology which deals with the diagnosis and characterization of neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases...

Primary pulmonary histoplasmosis is caused by inhalation of Histoplasma capsulatum spores, and approximately 10% of people with this acute infection develop...

important Egyptian medical treatise from around 1550 BC, describes a pulmonary consumption associated with the cervical lymph nodes. The Old Testament...

tuberculosis, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Most commonly, aspergillosis occurs in the form of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA), aspergilloma...

polyangiitis Bronchitis Bronchiectasis Pulmonary embolism Anticoagulant use Trauma Lung abscess Mitral stenosis Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia Bleeding disorders...

a sign seen on chest radiographs with interstitial pulmonary edema. They are thin linear pulmonary opacities caused by fluid or cellular infiltration...

Congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM), formerly known as congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM), is a congenital disorder of the...

which he described as perceptible passages (manafidh) between pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein. These passages would later be identified by Marcello Malpighi...

the event. However, Silva withdrew due to being hospitalized by sudden pulmonary embolism. As a result, Barbosa competed at this event against promotional...

is leakage. CT pulmonary angiogram (CTPA) is used to examine the pulmonary arteries in the lungs, most commonly to rule out pulmonary embolism (PE), a...

also known more specifically as pulmonary siderosis or Welder's disease, which is a form of pneumoconiosis. Pulmonary siderosis was first described in...

to very low pressure, such as during a rapid decompression, can cause pulmonary barotrauma—a rupture of the lungs, due to the large pressure differential...

labored breathing, for example during severe asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations. Air is ideally inhaled and exhaled through...

Atypical pulmonary carcinoid tumour is a subtype of pulmonary carcinoid tumor. It is an uncommon low-grade malignant lung mass that is most often in the...

August 2026, aged 66. He had been suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the previous months. Writing for The Daily Telegraph, Allison...

Surfactant protein C (SP-C), is one of the pulmonary surfactant proteins. In humans this is encoded by the SFTPC gene. It is a membrane protein. SFTPC...

Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema or acute respiratory distress syndrome Sarcoidosis Pulmonary vascular diseases Acute or recurrent pulmonary emboli Pulmonary hypertension...

approval for its stroke, pulmonary embolism, cervical fracture, intracranial hemorrhage, intra-abdominal free gas, and incidental pulmonary embolism algorithms...

is oxygen deficiency in arterial blood. Hypoxemia is usually caused by pulmonary disease. Sometimes the concentration of oxygen in the air is decreased...

water gauge). A spirometer is the main piece of equipment used for basic Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs). Lung diseases such as asthma, bronchitis, and emphysema...

stressor such as hemorrhage, brain injury sepsis, pulmonary embolism or severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It occurs more commonly in postmenopausal...

chest tightness. Complications may include lung cancer, mesothelioma, and pulmonary heart disease. Asbestosis is caused by breathing in asbestos fibers. It...

oxygen content) Qp = pulmonary oxygen consumption / (Pulmonary Artery oxygen content - Pulmonary Vein oxygen content) The pulmonary oxygen consumption is...

Sotatercept, sold under the brand name Winrevair, is a medication used to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension. It inhibits activin signaling using the extracellular...

Pulmonary cryptococcosis has a worldwide distribution and is commonly underdiagnosed due to limitations in diagnostic capabilities. Since pulmonary nodules...

Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics is a medical journal published by Elsevier that covers research on the pharmacotherapy of lung diseases. It was...

Bristol-Myers Squibb for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF). It is a first-in-class lysophosphatidic...

earlier-phase pulmonary edema. Frothy pink – may indicate more severe pulmonary edema. Antibiotics may not be necessary at this time. Clear – pulmonary embolism...

End stage pulmonary disease (ESPD) is the result of chronic progressive lung diseases like COPD, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, or systemic progressive...

involves using a pulmonary or aortic homograft conduit to relieve pulmonary obstruction in double outlet right ventricle with pulmonary stenosis. On July...

the respiratory bronchioles. They anastomose with the branches of the pulmonary arteries, and together, they supply the visceral pleura of the lung in...

Bronchiolitis Bronchospasm (e.g., asthma) Pulmonary hypertension Pulmonary embolism Hypoventilation Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD (emphysema) Cardiovascular...

gas velocity. The resultant alveolar rupture can lead to pneumothorax, pulmonary interstitial emphysema (PIE) and pneumomediastinum. Barotrauma is a recognised...

sheath with the pulmonary trunk. These two blood vessels twist around each other, causing the aorta to start out posterior to the pulmonary trunk, but end...

There are two forms of respiratory distress syndrome: ARDS, which is acute (or adult) respiratory distress syndrome Infant respiratory distress syndrome...

apply; for instance a pulmonary embolism is classified as an arterial embolism as well, because the clot follows the pulmonary artery carrying deoxygenated...

academic, and educator internationally recognized for his expertise in pulmonary and cardiovascular pathology. He is the Geraldine Colby Zeiler Professor...

The Cambridge Pulmonary Hypertension Outcome Review (CAMPHOR) is a disease specific patient-reported outcome measure which assesses quality of life of...

Diaphragmatic paradox or paradoxical diaphragm phenomenon is an abnormal medical sign observed during respiration, in which the diaphragm moves opposite...

FloWatch-Pulmonary Artery Band. The FloWatch Pulmonary Artery Band (FloWatch-PAB) is an implantable device that clips around the pulmonary artery in...

myocarditis A pulmonary artery catheter, which can provide invasive hemodynamic monitoring (such as the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, pulmonary artery...

blood into the pulmonary artery. This can be accomplished by a ventricular septal defect (VSD) connecting the left ventricle to the pulmonary artery or by...

macrophages and remain in the lungs, residing in the connective tissue or pulmonary lymph nodes. Coal dust provides a sufficient stimulus for the macrophage...

scleroderma). If the lungs are involved, it is usually in the form of pulmonary arterial hypertension. CREST causes thickening and tightening of the skin...

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is a peer-reviewed medical journal that covers all aspects of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its related...

oligemia (hypovolemia) (leading to collapse of vessel) seen distal to a pulmonary embolism (PE). While the chest x-ray is normal in the majority of PE cases...

over-expansion injuries. Gas introduced into the venous system of the lungs by pulmonary barotrauma will not be trapped in the alveolar capillaries and will consequently...

also helps in bronchial drainage of pus.[citation needed] Pulmonary abscess on CT scan Pulmonary abscess on a chest X-ray Pathology image of a lung abscess...

A lung cavity or pulmonary cavity is an abnormal, thick-walled, air-filled space within the lung. Cavities in the lung can be caused by infections, cancer...

cough, chest pain, anorexia and weight loss, fatigue, and progressive pulmonary fibrosis (the most serious complication). It is triggered by exposure...

visit to Ems in early August 1879. He was diagnosed with early-stage pulmonary emphysema, which his doctor believed could be successfully managed, but...

obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD), or acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (AECB), is a sudden worsening of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease...

Respiratory arrest can be caused by pulmonary embolus, choking, drowning, trauma, drug overdose, and poisoning. Pulmonary embolus carries a high mortality...

Pulmonary enteric adenocarcinoma is rare subtype of pulmonary adenocarcinoma. The presentation is similar to that of other lung cancers. There is nothing...

Aortopulmonary window (APW) is a faulty connection between the aorta and the main pulmonary artery that results in a significant left-to-right shunt. The aortopulmonary...

Gnathostomiasis, cysticercosis, and echinococcosis; 2) filarioidea, e.g. tropical pulmonary eosinophilia, loiasis, and onchocerciasis; and 3) flukes, e.g. schistosomiasis...

Churchill–Cope reflex is a reflex in which distension of the pulmonary vascular bed, as occurs in pulmonary edema, causes an increase in respiratory rate (tachypnoea)...

impaired alveolar diffusion, and pulmonary shunting. This definition overlaps considerably with that of hypoxic hypoxia. Pulmonary hypoxia is hypoxia from hypoxemia...

intact, the condition is known as respiratory arrest. An abrupt stop of pulmonary gas exchange lasting for more than five minutes may permanently damage...

acrosclerosis (also known as sclerodactyly), mild myositis, and various forms of pulmonary involvement. MCTD can affect nearly any organ system. Skin involvement...

hilum. A bell sleeve-like extension of the pulmonary pleura hanging under the hilum is known as the pulmonary ligament. Between the two layers of the pleura...

symptoms include a hemothorax (buildup of blood in the pleural space), pulmonary embolism, and heart attack. A large bulla may look similar on a chest...

including occupational asthma, industrial bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchiolitis obliterans, inhalation injury, interstitial...

blood from the tissues back to the heart; exceptions are those of the pulmonary and fetal circulations which carry oxygenated blood to the heart. In the...

smoking, but others develop long-term complications such as pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary hypertension. LCH provokes a non-specific inflammatory response...

of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) Pleural effusion Pulmonary embolism Pulmonary hypertension Tension pneumothorax Factors that decrease CVP include:...

Lung compliance, or pulmonary compliance, is a measure of the lung's ability to stretch and expand (distensibility of elastic tissue). In clinical practice...

cells in lung blood vessels. It is part of a comprehensive series of pulmonary function tests to determine the overall ability of the lung to transport...

superior and inferior venae cavae and pumps blood to the lungs through the pulmonary artery, and the left side receives saturated blood from the lungs. The...

as carrying waste products away from them. It is complementary to the pulmonary circulation that brings deoxygenated blood to the lungs and carries oxygenated...

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is to cause increased carbon dioxide retention. In individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and similar...

acutely with acute heart failure or acute decompensated heart failure and pulmonary edema due to sudden failure of pump function of the heart. Sudden failure...

the spasm. This commonly occurs when a distal pulmonary artery becomes occluded following a pulmonary embolism or other lung pathologies that can include...

into the pulmonary artery. At the pulmonary artery, it is met with high pulmonary vascular resistance as a result of collapsed lungs and pulmonary capillaries...

The pulmonary branches of the vagus nerve can be divided into two groups: anterior and posterior. The Anterior Bronchial Branches (rami bronchiales anteriores;...

inhalation among others, is a vasodilator that is used for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Treprostinil was approved for use in the United...

venous thromboembolism (commonly called a VTE) lodges in the lung as a pulmonary embolism. An arterial embolus may travel further down the affected blood...

ranging from anxiety to memory impairment and confusion. Flash or crash pulmonary edema is a clinical characterization of acute heart failure with a dramatic...

the first to describe the pulmonary circulation of the blood. The work of Ibn al-Nafis regarding the right sided (pulmonary) circulation pre-dates the...

and dizziness. Acute mountain sickness can progress to high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) with associated shortness of breath or high-altitude cerebral...

increasing pulmonary artery pressure. In patients with advanced HFpEF changes in the pulmonary vasculature may develop, leading to pre-capillary pulmonary hypertension...

shock or an underlying medical condition, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma exacerbation, since they are associated with increased...

tracts where the aorta and pulmonary trunk leave the heart, and the inflow tracts where the superior/inferior vena cava and pulmonary veins enter the heart...

conducting a course in pulmonary pathology. Liebow was one of the leading world experts in pulmonary pathology. He described many new pulmonary entities. The basis...

two atria in the human heart – the left atrium receives blood from the pulmonary circulation, and the right atrium receives blood from the venae cavae...

Chronic hypoxia will lead to an increase in pulmonary vascular smooth muscle tone and persistent pulmonary hypertension causing respiratory and circulatory...

patients with thick chests, abnormal chest walls, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and the obese. However, transthoracic is often superior to transesophageal...

idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and primary graft dysfunction after lung transplant. The most common causes of ARDS are pneumonia, non-pulmonary sepsis, and...

characterized by abnormal blood vessels in the lungs that cause highly elevated pulmonary blood pressure and an inability to effectively oxygenate and remove carbon...

breaks off (embolizes) and flows to the lungs to lodge there, it becomes a pulmonary embolism (PE), a blood clot in the lungs. The conditions of DVT only,...

throughout the lining of the mouth Trachea: Subglottal stenosis Lungs: Pulmonary nodules (referred to as "coin lesions"), infiltrates (often interpreted...

lung/pulmonary system: Bronchial leiomyoma, a rare, benign tumor Lung cancer, the term commonly used to refer to carcinoma of the lung Pulmonary carcinoid...

the overall metabolic process that exchanges gases in the body through pulmonary ventilation, external respiration, and internal respiration. Artificial...

1,500/microliter Presence of mononeuropathy or polyneuropathy Unfixed pulmonary infiltrates Presence of paranasal sinus abnormalities Histological evidence...

hoarseness (due to acid reflux). Pulmonary: progressive worsening of shortness of breath, chest pain (due to pulmonary artery hypertension), and dry, persistent...

Poliomyelitis Polyorchidism Pre-eclampsia Prehypertension Protrusio acetabuli Pulmonary contusion Renal tubular acidosis Rubella Smallpox (extinct since the 1980s)...

nitric oxide decreases the pulmonary circulation's resistance by dilating pulmonary blood vessels. The increased pulmonary return increases pressure in...

dual endothelin receptor antagonist medication used in the treatment of pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH). Bosentan is available as film-coated tablets...

from the lungs, or pulmonary circulation, in the left ventricle, as in birds and mammals. Two vessels, the left aorta and the pulmonary artery, exit the...

name Uptravi, is a medication developed by Actelion for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Selexipag and its active metabolite, ACT-333679...

inferior lobe. The azygos vein arches over it from behind; and the right pulmonary artery lies at first below and then in front of it. About 2 cm from its...

In these cases, any elevation of the pressure in the pulmonary circulatory system (due to pulmonary hypertension, temporarily while coughing, etc.) can...

a double circulatory system: the right ventricle pumps blood into the pulmonary circulation to the lungs, and the left ventricle pumps blood into the...

sufficient blood to the tissues to meet their metabolic requirements Pulmonary heart disease – a failure at the right side of the heart with respiratory...

occurs in atrial septal defect. Pulmonary S2 (P2) will be accentuated (loud P2) in pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary embolism. S2 becomes softer in...

Surfactant protein A1 (SP-A1), also known as Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein A1 (PSP-A) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SFTPA1 gene...

known as Wyeth) as Pondimin, but was shown to cause potentially fatal pulmonary hypertension and heart valve problems, which eventually led to its withdrawal...

branch of the pulmonary artery, predominantly found adjacent to or within a lung cavity, both often arising as a complication of pulmonary tuberculosis...

A pulmonary aspergilloma, also known as chronic pulmonary aspergillosis, is a human infectious disease of the lung caused by the colonization of a cavity...

separated as such by the NBRC. Certified Respiratory Therapists and Certified Pulmonary Function Technologists may require oversight and supervision by their...

among others, is a medication used to treat erectile dysfunction and pulmonary arterial hypertension. It is also sometimes used off-label for the treatment...

damp climates. Organic dust toxic syndrome Enelow RI (2008). Fishman's Pulmonary Diseases and Disorders (4th ed.). McGraw-Hill. pp. 1161–1172. ISBN 978-0-07-145739-2...

lung Farmer's lung Lycoperdonosis Other ARDS Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema Pulmonary edema Löffler's syndrome/Eosinophilic pneumonia Respiratory...

Surfactant protein A2 (SP-A2), also known as Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein A2 (PSP-A2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SFTPA2...

any known cause and is typically characterized by multiple aneurysms in pulmonary arteries and deep vein thromboses. It is named after the two British physicians...

scar tissue. The lungs are surrounded by two layers of tissue called the pulmonary pleurae. In most healthy people, these two layers are tightly apposed...

Other uncommon complications include bacterial tracheitis, pneumonia, and pulmonary edema. Croup affects about 15% of children, and usually presents between...

A pulmonary-to-systemic shunt is a cardiac shunt which allows, or is designed to cause, blood to flow from the pulmonary circulation to the systemic circulation...

the pulmonary trunk and aorta. This results in one arterial trunk arising from the heart and providing mixed blood to the coronary arteries, pulmonary arteries...

people experiencing respiratory distress (such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) or who are simply out of breath (such as a person who has just...

in the alveoli (PA), in the arteries (Pa), in the veins (Pv) and the pulmonary interstitial pressure (Pi): Zone 1: PA > Pa > Pv Zone 2: Pa > PA > Pv...

in a patient. There are a few slightly more common diagnoses such as pulmonary hypoplasia, cryptorchidism, congenital heart defects, tracheoesophageal...

Equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic lung disease of horses. There is evidence that the disease is caused by infection with a gammaherpesvirus...

parenchymal capillaries of the underlying lung, which have input from both the pulmonary and the bronchial circulation. The parietal pleura receives its blood...

where macrophages accumulate and engulf the trapped particulates. The pulmonary alveolar macrophage is a key cellular element in the initiation and perpetuation...

breathing (ex: cyanotic breath-holding spells, seizures) Pulmonary/lung disorders (ex: pulmonary hypertension, cystic fibrosis) Respiratory distress syndrome...

American physician and physiologist known for his role in the discovery of pulmonary surfactant, a crucial factor in the development of life-saving treatments...

time, he began experiencing lung hemorrhages, giving early indication of pulmonary tuberculosis. In favor of healthier climate and greater financial opportunity...

others, is a medication used for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, plaque psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis, and atopic dermatitis...

heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, and other diseases. The first-in-class medication was riociguat, approved in 2013 for pulmonary hypertension. They...

left atrial pressure is transmitted to the pulmonary vasculature and causes pulmonary hypertension. Pulmonary capillary pressures in this level cause an...

Anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA, Bland-White-Garland syndrome or White-Garland syndrome) is a rare congenital anomaly...

The pulmonary examination or respiratory examination is the portion of the physical examination where the physician examines the respiratory system for...

Acute chest syndrome is a vaso-occlusive crisis of the pulmonary vasculature commonly seen in people with sickle cell anemia. This condition commonly...

left angle of the right ventricle in the chordate heart, from which the pulmonary trunk arises. It develops from the bulbus cordis. Typically, the infundibulum...

blood from the right ventricle (RV) flows out to the pulmonary artery, both aorta and pulmonary artery are connected to the RV, and the only path for...

to the lungs from the aorta, which has a higher blood pressure, to the pulmonary artery, which has a lower blood pressure. Symptoms are uncommon at birth...

is a blood vessel in the developing fetus connecting the trunk of the pulmonary artery to the proximal descending aorta. It allows most of the blood from...

unspecified external agents 508.0 Acute pulmonary manifestations due to radiation 508.1 Chronic and other pulmonary manifestations due to radiation 510 Empyema...

immunocompromised, history of smoking, antibiotic therapy, advanced age, reduced pulmonary clearance, diminished cough reflex, disrupted normal mucosal barrier,...

Center. The Philadelphia Heart Institute was the region's first outpatient pulmonary care facility. The Scheie Eye Institute (ranked #17 in ophthalmology by...

with NSCLC because they also present with hypercalcemia. Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy (HPO) is fairly rare in adenocarcinoma. Less than 1%...

bone marrow transplant. In 2009, she developed a serious illness called pulmonary fibrosis – a type of condition that causes irreversible scarring of the...

Right heart strain can be caused by pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary embolism (or PE, which itself can cause pulmonary hypertension), RV infarction (a heart...

the lungs of people with left heart failure or chronic pulmonary edema, when the high pulmonary blood pressure causes red blood cells to pass through the...

under rare circumstances, humans. Adult heartworms often reside in the pulmonary arterial system (lung arteries) as well as the heart, and a major health...

asthma and other pulmonary disorders. Bronchodilators are considered an important treatment regime for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and...

treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension, following the discovery that the potent 5-HT2B agonist norfenfluramine produces pulmonary arterial hypertension...

his sudden death in 2003 after a deep vein thrombosis (DVT) became a pulmonary embolism at the age of 39. David Bloom was born in Edina, Minnesota, the...

under the ligamentum arteriosum between the aortic arch above and the pulmonary trunk below. The starting of the cardiac plexus. The azygos vein arching...

activator developed by Bayer for pulmonary arterial hypertension. El-Kersh, Karim; Jalil, Bilal A. (July 2023). "Pulmonary hypertension inhaled therapies:...

to be free from all living TB bacteria after six months of therapy in Pulmonary TB or 8-10 months in Miliary TB. Latent tuberculosis or latent tuberculosis...

beach and a mild climate, said to be favourable for people suffering from pulmonary complaints. On 2 May 1857, Emperor Napoleon III signed an imperial decree...

hyperplasia (AAH) is a hyperplastic lesion of the epithelial lining of pulmonary alveoli. A multi-step carcinogenesis hypothesis suggests a progression...

positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) of more than 5 cm H2O. Cardiogenic pulmonary edema, as the cause, must be excluded. Environmental exposures have been...

radiologic sign used for diagnosing pulmonary embolism. The presence of a blood clot in the branch of a pulmonary artery can resemble a knuckle in CT...

of great vessels Tricuspid atresia Tetralogy of Fallot Total anomalous pulmonary venous return A mnemonic to remember the conditions associated with right-to-left...

A Graham Steell murmur is a heart murmur typically associated with pulmonary regurgitation. It is a high pitched early diastolic murmur heard best at...

indicate blood high in oxygen, although the pulmonary artery carries "venous blood" and blood flowing in the pulmonary vein is rich in oxygen. This is because...

disease[citation needed] Cardiomyopathy (disease of the heart muscle) Pulmonary hypertension Pericardial effusion (fluid around the heart) Thyroid Disorders[citation...

diagnosing airway obstruction. Current recommendations for diagnosing pulmonary function recommend using the modified Tiffeneau-Pinelli index (also known...

classified as an obstructive lung disease, along with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. The diagnosis is suspected based on symptoms and confirmed...

415.12 Septic pulmonary embolism 415.19 Other pulmonary embolism and infarction 416 Chronic pulmonary heart disease 416.0 Primary pulmonary hypertension...

fetishism (also known as capnolagnia) is a sexual fetish based on the pulmonary consumption (smoking) of tobacco, most often via cigarettes, cigars, cannabis...

pneumonia, inhalation injuries, pulmonary haemorrhage, sarcoidosis, bronchoalveolar carcinoma, rapid onset heart failure and pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. It...

increases the capacity of pulmonary circulation, thereby prolonging ejection time. This will affect the closure of the pulmonary valve. This finding is also...

impairs the lower airways and the activity of the cilia, which leads to pulmonary problems such as tracheobronchial mucus, excessive sputum production,...

Small-cell carcinoma is a type of highly aggressive cancer that most commonly arises within the lungs, but can also occasionally arise in the cervix, prostate...

for the disease. In August 2025, Baresi had lung surgery to remove a pulmonary nodule. He then began a course of immunotherapy as a means of cancer prevention...

part of a single program. For example: Pulmonary/Critical Care: this type of program is more common than Pulmonary Disease (non-combination) programs. As...

from the inferior vena cava (IVC) and superior vena cava (SVC) to the pulmonary arteries. The procedure varies for differing congenital heart pathologies...

coronary artery. It follows the anterior interventricular sulcus around the pulmonary trunk. Along the way it gives rise to numerous smaller branches that interconnect...

suggestive of, but are never diagnostic of TB, but can be used to rule out pulmonary TB. A posterior-anterior (PA) chest X-ray is the standard view used; other...

tPA is used in some cases of diseases that feature blood clots, such as pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction, and stroke, in a medical treatment called...

through the right heart into the lungs as emboli, blocking branches of the pulmonary artery that carry deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart...

unresolved, continued inflammation can result in irreparable damage such as pulmonary fibrosis. Pneumonitis is distinguished from pneumonia on the basis of...

Lung transplantation, or pulmonary transplantation, is a surgical procedure in which one or both lungs are replaced by lungs from a donor. Donor lungs...

subclavian artery was connected to the left pulmonary artery. The experiment was meant to induce pulmonary hypertension, but it ended up failing. By conducting...

wall. These procedures are commonly performed in the carotid arteries, pulmonary arteries, coronary arteries, branches of the aorta, and femoral arteries...

address this research question. Examples are deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, the risk of which can be mitigated by certain interventions...

Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is a peer-reviewed medical journal focusing on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It was established...

right ventricle and aorta is created using a tissue graft from the main pulmonary artery. Lastly, an aortopulmonary shunt is created to provide blood flow...

specifically the cardiac neural crest, and actively separates the aorta and pulmonary arteries and fuses with the interventricular septum within the heart during...

specialising in pulmonary thromboendarterectomy (PTE), a surgical procedure performed to remove organized clotted blood (thrombus) from pulmonary arteries in...

the use of mucoactive agents in patients with hypersecreting chronic pulmonary diseases, especially during winter months. A metanalysis conducted on...

district of North London. He died at York Hospital on 12 May 2018 of a pulmonary embolism and a retroperitoneal haemorrhage, which occurred following surgery...

(2021-06-30). "Ventilation Imbalances in Mild to Moderate Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease". Oregon Health and Science University, 4DMedical. {{cite journal}}:...

of the pulse. The pulmonary (or pulmonic) valve in the right ventricle opens into the pulmonary trunk, also known as the pulmonary artery, which divides...

Large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung (LCNEC of the lung), or pulmonary large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (PLCNC), is a highly malignant neoplasm...

disease (ranked 1st) from cardiovascular diseases and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease from respiratory diseases (ranked 3rd). Although stroke is ranked...

pulmonary embolism, whereby thrombi occurring within the veins, particularly those of the extremities, become dislodged and migrate to the pulmonary vasculature...

liquid breathing could assist in the treatment of patients with severe pulmonary or cardiac trauma, especially in pediatric and neonatal cases. Liquid...

Retrieved 2020-05-15. Kousha, M.; Tadi, R.; Soubani, A. O. (31 August 2011). "Pulmonary aspergillosis: a clinical review". European Respiratory Review. 20 (121):...

death. Pulmonary edema occurs when the pressure in blood vessels in the lung is raised because of obstruction to the removal of blood via the pulmonary veins...

Rajendra Prasad is a chest physician and professor of Pulmonary Medicine based in Lucknow. He received MBBS (1974) and MD (1979) degrees from King George's...

body. However, during cardiac arrest, the body is in circulatory and pulmonary arrest. Oxygen is no longer being ventilated by the lungs, and blood ceases...

treat numerous medical conditions with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) being among the most notable. Some of the common types...

fever is a refeeding syndrome in cattle, clinically named acute bovine pulmonary emphysema and edema (ABPEE) and bovine atypical interstitial pneumonia...

lung disease is characterized by pleural effusion, pulmonary fibrosis, lung nodules and pulmonary hypertension. Common symptoms associated with the disease...

however, it can be complicated by deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and even pulmonary embolism (PE). Migratory superficial thrombophlebitis is known as Trousseau's...

Pneumonia is an infection that causes inflammation in one or both lungs. The pulmonary alveoli fill with fluid or pus making it difficult to breathe. Pneumonia...

Primary pulmonary coccidioidomycosis is a fungal infection caused by inhalation of Coccidioides immitis spores. Once pulmonary symptoms subside, about...

production/metabolism. Periodic oscillations of the pulmonary arterial pressure occur with respiration. Pulmonary arterial systolic and diastolic pressure and...

Rothblatt's young daughter was diagnosed with a fatal orphan disease, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Rothblatt sold her telecom stock and started...

Freediving combines several physiological stresses: interruption of pulmonary ventilation, immersion, exercise, and, during depth diving, large changes...

experimental inhaled soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator developed by Merck for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Bajwa, Ednan K.; Cislak, Dawn; Palcza, John; Feng...

nausea and vomiting, sweating, anxiety, hypertension, tachycardia, and pulmonary edema. Symptoms generally improve in four to 30 hours, but may take up...

of Leicester. Her research considers idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Wain studied...

chest resulting in a cardiac contusion Hyperkalemia Acute myocarditis Pulmonary embolism Brugada syndrome Hypothermia J-point elevation Early repolarization[citation...

sign in which an enlarged right descending pulmonary artery is seen on the chest x-ray in patients with pulmonary embolism. It is of low sensitivity, and...

the diseased aortic valve is replaced by the patient's pulmonary valve (autograft). The pulmonary valve then needs to be replaced by a heart valve prosthesis...

of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Other pneumatoses in the lungs are focal (localized) blebs and bullae, pulmonary cysts and cavities. Pneumoperitoneum...

myopathy and pulmonary fibrosis is a rare genetic syndrome characterised by poikiloderma, tendon contractures and progressive pulmonary fibrosis. It is...

This led to an investigation that showed that she died from hantavirus pulmonary syndrome around February 12, about a week before Hackman. Betsy Machiko...

both ventricles of the heart that later divides into the aorta and the pulmonary trunk. The truncus arteriosus and bulbus cordis are divided by the aorticopulmonary...

Electronic cigarettes increase the risk of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) compared to not using nicotine at all. Pregnant women vaping...

complete examination will involve the heart (cardiac examination), lungs (pulmonary examination), belly (abdominal examination) and the blood vessels (peripheral...

under the brand name Ventavis among others, is a medication used to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), scleroderma, Raynaud's phenomenon, frostbite...

not normally heard over the lungs, but if heard may be indicative of pulmonary consolidation in that area. This is because sound travels differently...

dysphagia goes undiagnosed or untreated, patients are at a high risk of pulmonary aspiration and subsequent aspiration pneumonia secondary to food or liquids...

abnormal. Chest X-ray typically shows widespread pulmonary infiltrates. CT scan may show pulmonary cysts (not to be confused with the cyst-forms of the...

primary differential diagnoses include cardiogenic shock, pleural effusion, pulmonary embolism, myocarditis, myocardial infarction, but may also encompass acute...

clot can break off as an embolus and lodge in a pulmonary artery in the lungs, known as a pulmonary embolism.The decision to treat deep vein thrombosis...

(ultra-LABA) used as an inhalation for treating people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It is manufactured by Boehringer Ingelheim. Olodaterol...

stroke, acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (a type of heart attack), pulmonary embolism associated with low blood pressure, and blocked central venous...

difficulty breathing. Pulmonary valve stenosis is the narrowing of the pulmonary valve which leads to decreased blood flow to the pulmonary artery. Cardiac...

a rare congenital heart disease consisting of the following defects: pulmonary valve stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy, and atrial septal defect...

scar formation and pulmonary and airway remodeling. Currently, mechanical ventilation remains the therapeutic mainstay for pulmonary dysfunction following...

catheterisation for assessment of pulmonary vascular resistance: in vivo validation and clinical application in patients with pulmonary hypertension". Heart. 91...

provides extra oxygen, often to prevent complications of chronic hypoxemia. Pulmonary rehabilitation is a therapeutic concept which utilizes a series of services...

require a baseline of supplementary oxygen include chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic bronchitis, and emphysema. Patients may also require...

primary arteries (the aorta and the pulmonary artery) are transposed, with the aorta anterior and to the left of the pulmonary artery; the morphological left...

there is a high chance that the person has a pulmonary embolism, but when the sign is absent a pulmonary embolism is not ruled out. Hampton AO, Castleman...

others, is a combination medication used to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It contains ipratropium (an anticholinergic) and salbutamol...

Inhibition of Rho-Kinase Attenuates Hypoxia-Induced Angiogenesis in the Pulmonary Circulation, found at American Heart Association Journal. Accessed January...

Pulmonary aplasia is a rare congenital pathology characterized by the unilateral or bilateral absence of lung tissue. It is distinct from pulmonary agenesis...

and so can be used to help relieve the symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) and bronchiectasis by allowing the sufferer to bring up...

ventricular pressure and volume, causing pulmonary hypertension with its associated symptoms. In serious cases, the pulmonary arterial pressure can reach levels...

HIV infection (CD4 count >300 cells per μL), TB typically presents as a pulmonary disease. In advanced HIV infection, TB often presents atypically with...

(shortness of breath)(62%) and fever (44%) being the most common symptoms. Pulmonary infection by bacteria, viruses and parasites Drugs: antineoplastic drugs...

humanized monoclonal antibody designed for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and pancreatic cancer. It binds to the connective tissue growth...

smaller amounts in the brainstem's raphe nuclei, the skin's Merkel cells, pulmonary neuroendocrine cells, and taste receptor cells of the tongue. Once secreted...

in and out of the lungs during breathing. Perfusion is the process of pulmonary blood circulation, which reoxygenates blood, allowing it to transport...

clinical use when there is a suspicion of deep venous thrombosis (DVTl), pulmonary embolism (PE) or disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). For DVT...

Although Louis was his parents' first son to be born alive, he died of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis at the young age of nine. As a result of his untimely death...

for Robin Thicke and Maroon 5 until his sudden death at age 40 from a pulmonary embolism. Their parents were originally from Long Island, New York, and...

Watterson J, et al. (October 1988). "Pleuropulmonary blastoma. The so-called pulmonary blastoma of childhood". Cancer. 62 (8): 1516–26. doi:10...

in cases of suspected pulmonary embolism where a CT pulmonary angiogram is negative but a high clinical suspicion of pulmonary embolism remains. It may...

the shoulder girdle Pulmonary injury (injury to the lung) and injuries involving the pleural space Pulmonary contusion Pulmonary laceration Pneumothorax...

Fetal adenocarcinoma (FA) of the lung is a rare subtype of pulmonary adenocarcinoma that exhibits tissue architecture and cell characteristics that resemble...

granuloma, all of which are examples of granulation tissue, not granulomas. "Pulmonary hyalinizing granuloma" is a lesion characterized by keloid-like fibrosis...

biopsy and other tests are frequently used to determine the nature of pulmonary infiltrates, as there are many possible causes. Antibody-antigen immune...

are pathologies of systems related to the right ventricle such as the pulmonary artery, the tricuspid valve or the airways. RVH can be benign and have...

risk of lung infections. Complications may include chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cirrhosis, neonatal jaundice, or panniculitis. A1AD is...

was a news anchor in Seattle. Chesky was hospitalized for high-altitude pulmonary edema in May 2023. He suffered from the health scare while hiking with...

manufacturing in Santa Ana, California the same year to continue his research in pulmonary devices. Edwards' valves are still in operation today. An early patient...

include acute coronary syndrome, aortic dissection, pneumothorax, or pulmonary embolism. Other cardiopulmonary causes of chest pain similar to that produced...

[citation needed] Subclassifications with specific causes: Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy Pachydermoperiostosis People with hypertrophic osteoarthropathy...

a pulmonary aspiration) while the patient is under general anesthesia. The main hypothesized benefit of preoperative fasting is to prevent pulmonary aspiration...

receptor antagonist developed by Actelion and approved for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Macitentan is a dual endothelin receptor...

the lungs for reoxygenation, the fat globules often get lodged in the pulmonary circulation. Fat globules may also pass through lung circulation back...

be caused by ventilation-perfusion mismatch, intracardiac shunting, or pulmonary shunting. In some cases, the cause is multifactorial and it is usually...

Publishing, PMID 30137777, retrieved 2025-06-01 "Evaluation of the Pulmonary Patient - Pulmonary Disorders". Archived from the original on 2020-07-30. Retrieved...

the original on 18 June 2024. Retrieved 1 July 2021. Pokorski M (2015). Pulmonary infection. Cham: Springer. ISBN 978-3-319-17458-7. "Rhinitis Versus Sinusitis...

that is being evaluated by Foresee Pharmaceuticals for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. It is an aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 activator. "Mirivadelgat"...

investigational drug that had been evaluated for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It is a Beta2 agonist and a muscarinic antagonist. Further development...

maneuver. The end result is that the aorta is repositioned behind the pulmonary arteries, functionally lengthening it and causing less angulation at the...

optical coherence tomography (OCT) visual field test polysomnography pulmonary pletysmography thoracentesis CT scan (B*2****) magnetic resonance imaging...

the heart. These are: Superior vena cava Inferior vena cava Pulmonary arteries Pulmonary veins Aorta Transposition of the great vessels is a group of...

are similar to other respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), asthma, or bronchitis. Byssinosis can be misdiagnosed...

oblique. The superior sinus is anterior to the ascending aorta and the pulmonary trunk. It cannot be assessed in electrophysiology procedures. The oblique...

(MERS), and measles. Chest radiographs (X-ray photographs) often show a pulmonary infection before physical signs of atypical pneumonia are observable at...

magnesium and phosphate. The electrolyte imbalance may cause neurologic, pulmonary, cardiac, neuromuscular, and hematologic symptoms—many of which, if severe...

classified as a prostacyclin analog. It has been studied for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension and for use in avoiding reperfusion injury. As an analog...

life-threatening and is closely related to the degree of pulmonary hypoplasia and pulmonary hypertension. Treatment of CDH begins with cardiorespiratory...

relationship between transpulmonary pressure and lung volume defines pulmonary compliance. Compliance (C) is defined as the change in volume per unit...

People with ChILD are at a higher risk of developing pulmonary hypertension, and development of pulmonary hypertension is associated with poor survival rates...

of Child Health. She specialised in pulmonary hypertension in children, and established the UK Paediatric Pulmonary Hypertension Service. Haworth was raised...

the skin surface, deep vein thrombosis which affects deeper veins, and pulmonary embolism. Thrombophlebitis can be found in people with vasculitis including...

ribbons, and for anorexia nervosa and bulimia. It is also the color for pulmonary hypertension awareness ribbons.[citation needed] Periwinkle was added...

known as cardiopulmonary receptors, are in the atria, ventricles, and pulmonary vasculature. Arterial baroreceptors detect changes in blood pressure and...

self-titled debut album in 2002, featuring their breakthrough single "Pulmonary Archery". Their second album, Watch Out! (2004), brought commercial success...

involve the lungs or heart – including pulmonary edema, pneumonia, allergic reactions and asthma, and pulmonary embolus, acute respiratory distress syndrome...

barium used in gastro-intestinal imaging, chlorine gas (among other pulmonary agents), ingested gasoline or other petroleum distillates, ingested or...

dissection (vertebral artery), a pulmonary artery dissection is an extremely rare condition as a complication of chronic pulmonary hypertension. Whereas cardiac...

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). They have organized the annual awareness day, World Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Day (World COPD...

confirmed with an ultrasound. These DVTs have the potential to cause a pulmonary embolism. Duplex ultrasonography MR Venography[citation needed] Prevention...

(salt water) by filling and draining repeatedly. It is used to treat pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, in which excess lung surfactant proteins prevent...

blood clots. Specifically it is used to treat deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary emboli and prevent blood clots in atrial fibrillation and following hip...

his residence in Mumbai on 11 February 2022, at the age of 86. He had pulmonary fibrosis in the last few years of his life. "Filmmaker Ravi Tandon, father...

universities; it replaces the traditional nerve biopsy test as less invasive. Pulmonary pathology is a subspecialty of anatomic (and especially surgical) pathology...

in negative feedback limiting the secretion of pulmonary surfactant. SP-A is not required for pulmonary surfactant to function but does confer immune effects...

right side of the heart to the lung where they block a pulmonary blood vessel and cause a pulmonary embolism. It is extremely rare for this disorder to cause...

closes. Because the lungs are nonfunctional in fetal life, pressure in the pulmonary circulation is greater than that of the systemic circulation. Consequently...

Surfactant protein B is an essential lipid-associated protein found in pulmonary surfactant. Without it, the lung would not be able to inflate after a...

presence of a blood clot or abnormal blood flow inside the lungs (such as a pulmonary embolism (PE) although computed tomography with radiocontrast is now more...

exposures can lead to severe lung damage, such as toxic pneumonitis or pulmonary edema, with concentrations around 400 ppm and beyond potentially fatal...

of eosinophilic esophagitis, prurigo nodularis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The most common side effects reported by the US Food and Drug...

tissue oxygen uptake, resulting in tissue hypoxia and lactic acidosis. Pulmonary complications occur in up to 50% of patients. Severe lung injury and hypoxemia...

number of diseases, including stroke, heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, coronavirus and lung cancer. Particulate matter...

presence or worsening of an underlying pulmonary condition. In a condition such as pulmonary embolism, the pulmonary blood flow is affected, thus the ventilation...

ventricle and is pumped into the pulmonary artery. In the fetus, there is a special connection between the pulmonary artery and the aorta, called the...

MeSH C08.381.483.620 – pulmonary fibrosis MeSH C08.381.483.675 – radiation pneumonitis MeSH C08.381.483.725 – sarcoidosis, pulmonary MeSH C08.381.483.950...

revealed the existence of a second disease caused by them: hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). In the Four Corners states, 17 of the 33 HPS cases in...

"honeycomb lung" is the radiological appearance seen with widespread pulmonary fibrosis and is defined by the presence of small cystic spaces with irregularly...

international, medical technology corporation specialized in Metabolic and Cardio Pulmonary diagnostic testing equipment aimed for either professional or medical...

brand name Letairis among others, is a drug used for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension. It is an endothelin receptor antagonist. The peptide endothelin...

of air of the lungs and perfusion is the circulation of blood in the pulmonary capillaries. In mammals, physiological respiration involves respiratory...

resection of both can be attempted. In general, only 10% of patients with pulmonary metastases from colorectal cancer are resectable. Blalock reported the...

Fontan procedure. The human circulatory system uses a low-resistance pulmonary circulation and high-resistance systemic circulation to pump blood. In...

I, where it was responsible for 85,000 deaths. It is a highly potent pulmonary irritant and quickly filled enemy trenches due to it being a heavy gas...

reproductive technologies Pre-gestational diabetes Gestational diabetes Pulmonary disease Cardiovascular disease Kidney disease Hypertension Celiac disease...

The treatment of pulmonary disorders, heart attacks, post coronary bypass surgery, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and pulmonary fibrosis can benefit...

vessels going to and from the lungs undergo dilation. While the pulmonary artery and pulmonary veins are dilating, the umbilical artery and umbilical vein...

low blood oxygen caused by pulmonary edema causes vasoconstriction in the pulmonary circulation, which results in pulmonary hypertension. Since the right...