Qiongshan, Haikou

Former names
Former names
Qiongzhou
Traditional Chinese	瓊州
Simplified Chinese	琼州
Postal	Kiungchow
Literal meaning	Jade Prefecture
Hanyu Pinyin
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	Qióngzhōu
Wade–Giles	Ch‘iung-chou

Qiongshan
Qiongshan
Simplified Chinese	琼山
Traditional Chinese	瓊山
Postal	Kiungshan
Literal meaning	Jade Mountain
Hanyu Pinyin
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	Qióngshān
Wade–Giles	Ch‘iung-shan

Qiongshan

琼山区
Kiungshan; Chiungshan
Qiongshan 琼山区 Kiungshan; Chiungshan
District
	Qiongshan Location in Hainan
	Coordinates: 20°00′12″N 110°21′14″E / 20.0032°N 110.3540°E
Country	People's Republic of China
Province	Hainan
Prefecture-level city	Haikou
Area
• Total	928.62 km2 (358.54 sq mi)
Population (2002)
• Total	360,000
• Density	390/km2 (1,000/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+8 (China standard time)

Qiongshan District, alternately romanized as Kiungshan, is a district in Haikou City, Hainan.

History

As Qiongzhou, formerly romanized as Kiungchow,^[a] the district was formerly a separate city which served as the center of Chinese administration on Hainan Island when it formed a part of Guangdong Province.^[1]

The British Consulate in Kiungchow was opened in April 1876, as a result of the Treaty of Tientsin in 1858.^[2]

Geography

Dongzhai Port Nature Reserve is located in the district and has an area of 2,500 hectares (6,200 acres). It includes six rivers, an irregular coastline, and a number of bays and tidewater gullies. The mangrove forest on the south coast provides a habitat for birds and other wildlife.^[3]

Climate

Climate data for Qiongshan District (1991–2020 normals)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	21.2 (70.2)	22.9 (73.2)	26.6 (79.9)	30.1 (86.2)	32.5 (90.5)	33.7 (92.7)	33.4 (92.1)	32.6 (90.7)	31.1 (88.0)	28.9 (84.0)	26.0 (78.8)	22.3 (72.1)	28.4 (83.2)
Daily mean °C (°F)	18.3 (64.9)	19.5 (67.1)	22.6 (72.7)	25.8 (78.4)	28.1 (82.6)	29.1 (84.4)	29.1 (84.4)	28.6 (83.5)	27.8 (82.0)	26.1 (79.0)	23.3 (73.9)	19.8 (67.6)	24.8 (76.7)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	16.3 (61.3)	17.3 (63.1)	20.1 (68.2)	23.1 (73.6)	25.3 (77.5)	26.2 (79.2)	26.2 (79.2)	26.0 (78.8)	25.5 (77.9)	23.9 (75.0)	21.4 (70.5)	18.0 (64.4)	22.4 (72.4)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	28.1 (1.11)	32.3 (1.27)	43.6 (1.72)	96.6 (3.80)	208.0 (8.19)	251.0 (9.88)	243.3 (9.58)	302.7 (11.92)	284.7 (11.21)	263.3 (10.37)	63.7 (2.51)	42.4 (1.67)	1,859.7 (73.23)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm)	9.1	9.7	9.7	11.1	16.0	16.7	16.0	15.2	14.7	11.1	8.4	8.4	146.1
Average relative humidity (%)	85	86	84	82	80	79	79	81	82	79	79	80	81
Mean monthly sunshine hours	92.3	96.9	130.9	165.2	215.5	217.6	238.3	215.7	181.5	171.7	128.3	98.8	1,952.7
Percent possible sunshine	27	30	35	44	53	55	59	55	50	48	39	29	44
Source: China Meteorological Administration^[4]^[5]

Demographics

Mandarin is the official language of administration and education, but locals also speak Haikou dialect of Hainanese (a Min language), while other ethnic groups also speak the Qiongshan dialect of Lingao.

Notes

^ Other romanizations of Qiongzhou include Keung-chow Foo.^[1]

References

^ ^a ^b Baynes, T. S., ed. (1878), "China" , Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 5 (9th ed.), New York: Charles Scribner's Sons
^ Nield, Robert. “China’s Southernmost Treaty Port.” Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society Hong Kong Branch, vol. 52, Royal Asiatic Society Hong Kong Branch, 2012, pp. 67. "But the first steps in opening the port had been taken and in 1876 a British consul was sent, the port being declared open on 1 April that year. Quite prudently, one of his first actions was to agree that there should be no settlement or concession yet; he chose instead to wait and see. Moreover, even though Kiungchow had no shops to speak of, there was a fair amount of trade being conducted by local merchants and it was not clear where the foreigners would fit in."
^ "Dongzhai Port Nature Reserve". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
^ "Experience Template" 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 11 October 2023.