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transfer RNA (tRNA), microRNA (miRNA), small interfering RNA (siRNA), small nucleolar RNA (snoRNAs), Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA), tRNA-derived small RNA (tsRNA)...

RNA for the purpose of gene expression. Some segments of DNA are transcribed into RNA molecules that can encode proteins, called messenger RNA (mRNA)...

Small interfering RNA (siRNA), sometimes known as short interfering RNA or silencing RNA, is a class of double-stranded non-coding RNA molecules, typically...

The RNA world is a hypothetical stage in the evolutionary history of life on Earth in which self-replicating RNA molecules proliferated before the evolution...

Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) is a single-stranded molecule of RNA that corresponds to the genetic sequence of a gene, and is read by a ribosome in...

mRNA transcripts, RNA-Seq can look at different populations of RNA to include total RNA, small RNA, such as miRNA, tRNA, and ribosomal profiling. RNA-Seq...

also some non-coding RNAs (e.g., snRNAs, snoRNAs or long non-coding RNAs). RNA polymerase III transcribes 5S rRNA, transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and some small...

In molecular biology, RNA polymerase (abbreviated RNAP or RNApol), or more specifically DNA-directed/dependent RNA polymerase (DdRP), is an enzyme that...

RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) or RNA replicase is an enzyme that catalyzes the replication of RNA from an RNA template. Specifically, it catalyzes...

ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules, microRNA (miRNA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA), are central to components to the RNAi pathway. Once mRNA is degraded,...

RNA virus is a virus characterized by a ribonucleic acid (RNA) based genome. The genome can be single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) or double-stranded (dsRNA)...

RNA or rna in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. RNA, or ribonucleic acid, is a family of large biological molecules. RNA or rna may also refer to: RNA...

Transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA), formerly referred to as soluble ribonucleic acid (sRNA), is an adaptor molecule composed of RNA, typically 76 to 90 nucleotides...

virions, consisting of (i) genetic material, i.e., long molecules of DNA or RNA that encode the structure of the proteins by which the virus acts; (ii) a...

RNA polymerase II (RNAP II and Pol II) is a multiprotein complex that transcribes DNA into precursors of messenger RNA (mRNA) and most small nuclear RNA...

transfer RNA (tRNA) anticodon sequences to mRNA codons. The tRNAs carry specific amino acids that are chained together into a polypeptide as the mRNA passes...

An mRNA vaccine is a type of vaccine that uses a copy of a molecule called messenger RNA (mRNA) to produce an immune response. The vaccine delivers molecules...

Guide RNA (gRNA) or single guide RNA (sgRNA) is a short sequence of RNA that guides a CRISPR-associated protein to its nucleic acid sequence target by...

transfer RNA (tRNA) and messenger RNA (mRNA) to process and translate the latter into proteins. Ribosomal RNA is the predominant form of RNA found in...

encodes a protein (if it is an mRNA) or forms a 'structural' RNA, such as a transfer RNA (tRNA) or ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule. Each region of the DNA...

reproduction of all known organisms and many viruses. DNA and ribonucleic acid (RNA) are nucleic acids. Alongside proteins, lipids and complex carbohydrates...

RNA splicing is a process in molecular biology where a newly-made precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) transcript is transformed into a mature messenger...

cells, RNA polymerase III (also called Pol III) is a protein that transcribes DNA to synthesize 5S ribosomal RNA, tRNA, and other small RNAs. The genes...

Preribosomal RNA (pre-rRNA) is the precursor to mature ribosomal RNA (rRNA), which is a component of ribosomes. Pre-rRNA is first transcribed from ribosomal...

complementary strands from which messenger RNA (mRNA) is synthesized by the viral enzyme RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). During replication of the...

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). If the sugar is ribose, the polymer is RNA; if the sugar is deoxyribose, a variant of ribose,...

RNA activation (RNAa) is a small RNA-guided and Argonaute (Ago)-dependent gene regulation phenomenon in which promoter-targeted short double-stranded RNAs...

RNA polymerase I (also known as Pol I) is the polymerase that transcribes ribosomal RNA, which accounts for over 50% of the total RNA synthesized in a...

acid (or circRNA) is a type of single-stranded RNA which, unlike linear RNA, forms a covalently closed continuous loop. In circular RNA, the 3' and 5'...

RNA velocity is a way of measuring the changes in gene expression. It is derived from ratio of spliced to unspliced RNA in the cell over time. Monitoring...

messenger RNA (mRNA). During translation, the ribosome decodes successive codons in an mRNA molecule and, with the aid of transfer RNA (tRNA), links amino...

An RNA helicase is an enzyme that unwinds RNA. The unwinding is powered by the helicase's hydrolysis of ATP. RNA helicases are involved holistically in...

information within a biological system. It is often stated as "DNA makes RNA, and RNA makes protein", although this is not its original meaning. It was first...

A retrovirus is a virus that inserts a DNA copy of its RNA genome into the DNA of a host cell that it invades, thus changing the genome of that cell....

as microRNAs. RNA silencing may also be defined as sequence-specific regulation of gene expression triggered by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). RNA silencing...

interfering RNA (siRNA) and micro RNA (miRNA) to prevent mRNA translation and/or degrade mRNA. Small activating RNA (saRNA) represents a novel class of RNA therapeutics...

Micro ribonucleic acid (microRNA, miRNA, μRNA) are small, single-stranded, non-coding RNA molecules containing 21–23 nucleotides. Found in plants, animals...

Rsa RNAs are non-coding RNAs found in the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. The shared name comes from their discovery, and does not imply homology. Bioinformatics...

Viroids are small single-stranded, circular RNAs that are infectious pathogens. Unlike viruses, they have no protein coating. A 2023 metatranscriptomics...

21U-RNAs are microRNA molecules 21 nucleotides long found in nematodes such as Caenorhabditis elegans. They begin with a 5' uridine. The remaining 20...

either RNA or DNA genomes) that encode an RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), also called RNA replicase, produces RNA (ribonucleic...

biology, the SR1 RNA is a small RNA (sRNA) produced by species of Bacillus and closely related bacteria. It is a dual-function RNA which acts both as...

Chimeric RNA, sometimes referred to as a fusion transcript, is composed of exons from two or more different genes that have the potential to encode novel...

word "infection." Genetic material (such as supercoiled plasmid DNA or siRNA constructs), may be transfected. Transfection of animal cells typically involves...

sugars, amino acids for protein metabolism, and the nucleic acids DNA and RNA for heredity. A theory of abiogenesis must explain the origins and interactions...

Z-RNA is a left-handed alternative conformation for the RNA double helix. Just like for Z-DNA, Z-RNA is favored by a sequence composed of Purine/Pyrimidine...

double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase enzyme family are encoded by the ADAR family genes. ADAR stands for adenosine deaminase acting on RNA. This article...

RNAs (rRNAs), as well as small RNAs such as microRNAs, siRNAs, piRNAs, snoRNAs, snRNAs, exRNAs, scaRNAs and the long ncRNAs such as Xist, HOTAIR, and MALAT1...

well as stability of RNAs, and has been linked with human diseases. RNA editing has been observed in some tRNA, rRNA, mRNA, or miRNA molecules of eukaryotes...

RNA (mRNA) and can be directly translated into viral proteins by the host cell's ribosomes. Positive-strand RNA viruses encode an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase...

who specializes in ribonucleic acid (RNA)-mediated mechanisms, particularly in vitro-transcribed messenger RNA (mRNA) for protein replacement therapy. Karikó...

ncRNAs from small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs)...

RNA hydrolysis is a reaction in which a phosphodiester bond in the sugar-phosphate backbone of RNA is broken, cleaving the RNA molecule. RNA is susceptible...

An RNA motif is a description of a group of RNAs that have a related structure. RNA motifs consist of a pattern of features within the primary sequence...

RNA origami is the nanoscale folding of RNA, enabling the RNA to create particular shapes to organize these molecules. It is a new method that was developed...

U5:AUG regions of the gRNA participate in extensive base pairing. RNA can also be processed to produce mature messenger RNAs (mRNAs). In most cases, this...

GlycoRNAs are small non-coding RNAs with sialylated glycans. Glycans mediate inter- and intramolecular interactions by adding polysaccharide chains onto...

Exoribonuclease-resistant RNAs (xrRNAs) are structured viral RNA elements that block 5′→3′ degradation by host exoribonucleases such as Xrn1. This resistance...

are examples of macromolecules. Common macromolecules are biopolymers (RNA and DNA, proteins, and carbohydrates), polyolefins (polyethylene) and polyamides...

The suite is composed by alteRNA, for RNA density fold computing, inteRNA, for RNA-RNA interaction prediction, piRNA, for predicting the joint partition...

competing endogenous RNAs (abbreviated ceRNAs) regulate other RNA transcripts by competing for shared microRNAs (miRNAs). Models for ceRNA regulation describe...

16S ribosomal RNA (or 16S rRNA) is the RNA component of the 30S subunit of a prokaryotic ribosome (SSU rRNA). It binds to the Shine-Dalgarno sequence...

Transfer-messenger RNA (abbreviated tmRNA, also known as 10Sa RNA and by its genetic name SsrA) is a bacterial RNA molecule with dual tRNA-like and messenger RNA-like...

RNA-based evolution is a theory that posits that RNA is not merely an intermediate between the Watson and Crick model of the DNA molecule and proteins...

transcription of a single RNA transcript from the DNA downstream of the promoter. The RNA transcript may encode a protein (mRNA), or can have a function...

RNA-binding proteins (often abbreviated as RBPs) are proteins that bind to the double or single stranded RNA in cells and participate in forming ribonucleoprotein...

Enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) represent a class of relatively long non-coding RNA molecules (50–2000 nucleotides) transcribed from the DNA sequence of enhancer...

RNA biology may refer to: For the scientific journal, see RNA Biology. For ribonucleic acid, see RNA. This disambiguation page lists articles associated...

contributions to RNA biology. Weissman is the inaugural Roberts Family Professor in Vaccine Research, director of the Penn Institute for RNA Innovation, and...

structural RNA (transfer (tRNA), ribosomal (rRNA), small nuclear (snRNA), and small nucleolar (snoRNA)), and present in messenger RNA (mRNA), across the...

distinguishes lncRNA from small non-coding RNAs which encompasses microRNAs (miRNAs), small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), small nucleolar...

tRNA pseudouridine13 synthase (EC 5.4.99.27, TruD, YgbO, tRNA PSI13 synthase, RNA:PSI-synthase Pus7p, Pus7p, RNA:pseudouridine-synthase Pus7p, Pus7 protein)...

University, that engages users to solve puzzles related to the folding of RNA molecules. The project is supported by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation...

order specified by messenger RNA (mRNA), using transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules to carry amino acids and to read the mRNA three nucleotides at a time. The...

RNA polymerase IV (RNAP IV) is an enzyme that synthesizes small interfering RNA (siRNA) in plants, which silence gene expression. RNAP IV belongs to a...

An RNA spike-in is an RNA transcript of known sequence and quantity used to calibrate measurements in RNA hybridization assays, such as DNA microarray...

base pairs of DNA and 600 million mRNA bases. Usually, a mix of millions of cells is used in sequencing the DNA or RNA using traditional methods like Sanger...

Y RNAs are small non-coding RNAs. They are components of the Ro60 ribonucleoprotein particle which is a target of autoimmune antibodies in patients with...

identify individual RNA molecules in a heterogeneous RNA sample extracted from cells. The technique can identify one or more RNA molecules of known sequence...

biology, VR-RNA is a small RNA produced by Clostridium perfringens. It functions as a regulator of the two-component VirR/VirS system. VR-RNA regulates...

RNA journal may refer to: RNA (journal), a Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press scientific journal RNA Biology, a Landes Bioscience scientific journal...

The RNA-binding Proteins Database (RBPDB) is a biological database of RNA-binding protein specificities that includes experimental observations of RNA-binding...

two small RNAs—crRNA and tracrRNA—to form a four-component complex. In 2012, Doudna and Charpentier fused the RNAs into a single-guide RNA, enabling Cas9...

sequence microRNAs, also called miRNAs. miRNA-seq differs from other forms of RNA-seq in that input material is often enriched for small RNAs. miRNA-seq allows...

(tRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), microRNA (miRNA), and small interfering RNA (siRNA); other non-coding RNAs (sometimes described as "junk RNA") have no known...

CrfA RNA (Caulobacter response to famine RNA) is a family of non-coding RNAs found in Caulobacter crescentus. CrfA is expressed upon carbon starvation...

double-stranded RNAs that function as small interfering RNA (siRNA) in the RNA silencing system. By sequestering siRNA, p19 suppresses RNA silencing and...

RNA extraction is the purification of RNA from biological samples. This procedure is complicated by the ubiquitous presence of ribonuclease enzymes in...

(ribonucleic acid enzymes) are RNA molecules that have the ability to catalyze specific biochemical reactions, including RNA splicing in gene expression...

E. coli cut the CRISPR RNA precursor within the repeats into mature spacer-containing RNA molecules called CRISPR RNA (crRNA), which remained bound to...

ATP-dependent RNA helicase A (RHA; also known as DHX9, LKP, and NDHI) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DHX9 gene. DEAD/DEAH box helicases...

Small RNA (sRNA) are polymeric RNA molecules that are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and are usually non-coding. RNA silencing is often a function...

RNA recognition motif, RNP-1 is a putative RNA-binding domain of about 90 amino acids that are known to bind single-stranded RNAs. It was found in many...

untranslated RNA molecules known as vault RNAs (vRNAs, vtRNAs) only found in higher eukaryotes. These molecules are transcribed by RNA polymerase III...

RNA Biology is an open access peer-reviewed scientific journal in the field of ribonucleic acid (RNA) research. It is indexed for MEDLINE. The current...

DNA double helix and contribute to the folded structure of both DNA and RNA. Dictated by specific hydrogen bonding patterns, "Watson–Crick" (or...

double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) viruses, positive-sense single-stranded RNA (+ssRNA) viruses, negative-sense single-stranded RNA (–ssRNA) viruses, ssRNA viruses that...

properties of RNA.” Cech discovered that RNA could itself cut strands of RNA, suggesting that life might have started as RNA. He found that RNA can not only...

protein. Other types of RNA include ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and transfer RNA (tRNA). These types are transcribed by RNA polymerase I and RNA polymerase III, respectively...

in social insects. RNA methylation occurs in different RNA species viz. tRNA, rRNA, mRNA, tmRNA, snRNA, snoRNA, miRNA, and viral RNA. Different catalytic...

northern blot, or RNA blot, is a technique used in molecular biology research to study gene expression by detection of RNA (or isolated mRNA) in a sample....

ribosomal RNA (rRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), messenger RNA (mRNA), and small nuclear RNA (snRNA). The most common and well-understood mRNA modification at...

Single-stranded RNA virus refers to RNA viruses with single-stranded RNA genomes. There are two kinds: Negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus Positive-sense...

ribonucleic acid (RNA) product synthesized by transcription of DNA, and processed to yield various mature RNA products such as mRNAs, tRNAs, and rRNAs. The primary...

An L-ribonucleic acid aptamer (L-RNA aptamer, trade name Spiegelmer) is an RNA-like molecule built from L-ribose units. It is an artificial oligonucleotide...

polymerase adds nucleotides after binding to the RNA primer and synthesizes the whole strand. Later, the RNA strands must be removed accurately and replaced...

Numerous key discoveries in biology have emerged from studies of RNA (ribonucleic acid), including seminal work in the fields of biochemistry, genetics...

for the different types of RNA are listed and explained. List of cis-regulatory RNA elements RNA: Types of RNA Non-coding RNA Gribaldo S, Brochier-Armanet...

The enzyme polynucleotide 5′-phosphatase (RNA 5′-triphosphatase, RTPase, EC 3.1.3.33) is an enzyme that catalyzes the reaction a 5′-phosphopolynucleotide...

16S rRNA pseudouridine516 synthase (EC 5.4.99.19, 16S RNA pseudouridine516 synthase, 16S PsiI516 synthase, 16S RNA Psi516 synthase, RNA pseudouridine synthase...

Antisense RNA (asRNA), also referred to as antisense transcript, natural antisense transcript (NAT) or antisense oligonucleotide, is a single stranded RNA that...

Coronaviruses are a group of related RNA viruses that cause diseases in mammals and birds. In humans and birds, they cause respiratory tract infections...

reverse transcribed (via reverse transcriptase) from an RNA (e.g., messenger RNA or microRNA). cDNA exists in both single-stranded and double-stranded...

processing of ribosomal RNA and the degradation of messenger RNA and is regulated by Non-coding RNA. It contains the proteins RNA helicase B, RNase E and...

Small nuclear RNA (snRNA) is a class of small RNA molecules that are found within the splicing speckles and Cajal bodies of the cell nucleus in eukaryotic...

RNA-targeting small molecules represent a class of small molecules, organic compounds with traditional drug properties (e.g., Lipinski's rule of five)...

snRNA-seq, also known as single nucleus RNA sequencing, single nuclei RNA sequencing or sNuc-seq, is an RNA sequencing method for profiling gene expression...

Self-amplifying RNA (saRNA), also termed self-replicating RNA (srRNA), is a type of mRNA molecule engineered to replicate itself within host cells, enhancing...

In molecular biology, trans-activating CRISPR RNA (tracrRNA) is a small trans-encoded RNA. It was first discovered by Emmanuelle Charpentier in her study...

An RNA thermometer (or RNA thermosensor) is a temperature-sensitive non-coding RNA molecule which regulates gene expression. Its unique characteristic...

euchromatin. RNA is subdivided into many categories, including messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), and...

release. Small RNA sequencing is a widely used technique to study microRNA(miRNAs), small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), piwi-interacting RNA (piRNAs) that play...

double-stranded RNA formation of one or two separate RNA strand that have complementary regions. The formation of a double-stranded RNA is not efficient...

nanoparticle RNA therapeutics for nucleic acid medicines including small interfering RNA (siRNA), messenger RNA (mRNA), gene editing RNA, DNA, antisense...

Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus species in the genus Tobamovirus that infects a wide range of plants, especially...

used to study nucleic acids: DNA and RNA. DNA extraction Phenol–chloroform extraction Minicolumn purification RNA extraction Boom method Synchronous coefficient...

used to place viruses into one of seven groups based on their manner of mRNA synthesis. Specific naming conventions and further classification guidelines...

This list of RNA structure prediction software is a compilation of software tools and web portals used for nucleic acid structure prediction. The single...

Subgenomic mRNAs are essentially smaller sections of the original transcribed template strand. During transcription, the original template strand is usually...

Mature messenger RNA, often abbreviated as mature mRNA is a eukaryotic RNA transcript that has been spliced and processed and is ready for translation...

contrast to siRNA, stRNAs downregulate expression of target RNAs after translation initiation without affecting mRNA stability. Nowadays, stRNAs are better...

The RNA Tie Club was an informal scientific club, meant partly to be humorous, of select scientists who were interested in how proteins were synthesised...

RNA ligase 1 is a enzyme that in humans is encoded by the gene RLIG1 (previously C12orf29). RNA ligase 1 functions as an RNA ligase, and participates in...

responsible for the RNA that is later translated to protein, while the sense strand possesses a nearly identical makeup to that of the mRNA. Note that for...

RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) is a biological process in which non-coding RNA molecules direct the addition of DNA methylation to specific DNA sequences...

RNA is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal that covers research on all aspects of RNA molecules, including their structures, metabolism, functions...

transcribes small non-coding RNAs, including tRNAs, 5S rRNA, U6 snRNA, SRP RNA, and other stable short RNAs such as ribonuclease P RNA. RNA Polymerases I, II, and...

MtlS RNA is a small non-coding RNA found in Vibrio cholerae and related bacteria. MtlS is found in the mannitol operon, which encodes the mannitol-specific...

about dsRNA. They form the genetic material of some viruses (double-stranded RNA viruses). dsRNA, such as viral RNA or siRNA, can trigger RNA interference...

(CE) is an enzyme that catalyzes the attachment of the 5' cap to messenger RNA molecules that are in the process of being synthesized in the cell nucleus...

RNAs (saRNAs) are small double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) that target gene promoters to induce transcriptional gene activation in a process known as RNA activation...

of siRNAs in the suppression of gene expressions, and to the identification of targets for regulatory RNAs, particularly microRNAs. The core RNA...

RNA (tRNA) MicroRNA (miRNA) Small interfering RNA (siRNA) Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) Though prevalent inside of the cell, ribosomal RNA (rRNA) does...

transferase center (EC 2.3.2.12, PTC) is an aminoacyltransferase ribozyme (RNA enzyme) located in the large subunit of the ribosome. It forms peptide bonds...

end of cellular mRNA. While the more common methylated guanosine (m7G) cap is added to RNA by a capping complex that associates with RNA polymerase II (RNAP...

helix is unwound, providing enough space for RNA polymerase (RNAP) to bind to the template strand and begin RNA synthesis. The transcription bubble size is...

Alvernaviridae is a family of non-enveloped positive-strand RNA viruses. Dinoflagellates serve as natural hosts. There is one genus in this family, Dinornavirus...

modification of messenger RNA. Because the 5' end of the RNA molecule ends in a phosphate group, the bond formed between the RNA and the GTP molecule is...

filled by RNA, and catalysis was also largely mediated by RNA (that is, by ribozyme counterparts of enzymes). This concept is known as the RNA world hypothesis...

a single stranded RNA genome with negative-sense. The genetic information is packaged as a ribonucleoprotein complex in which RNA is tightly bound by...

The RNA Society is a non-profit, international scientific society that serves to facilitate the dissemination of scientific results and concepts in ribonucleic...

propensities of RNA. Through the late 1950s and early 1960s, numerous papers were published on various topics in RNA structure, including RNA-DNA hybridization...

SraL RNA ('sra' for small RNA), also known as RyjA, is a small non-coding RNA discovered in E. coli, and later in Salmonella Tiphimurium. This ncRNA was...

nucleoproteins (NPs) are essential RNA-binding proteins encoded by many viruses, especially negative-sense single-stranded RNA (–ssRNA) viruses. They play crucial...

reaction ATP + RNA-3'OH ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } pyrophosphate + RNApA-3'OH Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are ATP and RNA, whereas its...

Poliovirus is composed of an RNA genome and a protein capsid. The genome is a single-stranded positive-sense RNA (+ssRNA) genome that is about 7500 nucleotides...

non-coding RNA sequences, also known as toxic RNA, which inhibit RNA-binding proteins leading to pathogenic effects. The most studied RNA-dominant diseases...

CRISPR RNA or crRNA is a RNA transcript from the CRISPR locus. CRISPR-Cas (clustered, regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats - CRISPR associated...

plasmid-encoded RNA called RNA I. A single promoter initiates replication in ColE1: the RNA II promoter. The RNA II transcript forms a stable RNA-DNA hybrid...

infections of the respiratory tract. It is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Its name is derived from the large, multinucleated cells known as...

system. By delivering the Cas9 nuclease complexed with a synthetic guide RNA (gRNA) into a cell, the cell's genome can be cut at a desired location, allowing...

to a guide RNA. Cas13 performs two distinct ribonuclease functions: procession of its own CRISPR RNA (crRNA) and catalysis of target RNA cleavage. The...

roles relating to RNA processing, specifically small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and small nuclear RNA (snRNA) maturation, and histone mRNA modification. Similar...

RNA polymerase II holoenzyme is a form of eukaryotic RNA polymerase II that is recruited to the promoters of protein-coding genes in living cells. It consists...

Trans-acting siRNA (abbreviated "ta-siRNA" or "tasiRNA") are a class of small interfering RNA (siRNA) that repress gene expression through post-transcriptional...

some primary transcripts such as precursor messenger RNA. In eukaryotes, the main form is mRNA capping, a highly regulated process that uses 7-methylguanosine...

identification. FISH can also be used to detect and localize specific RNA targets (mRNA, lncRNA, and miRNA) in cells, circulating tumor cells, and tissue samples. In...

A reverse transcriptase (RT) is an enzyme that uses an RNA molecule as a template to synthesize a complementary DNA molecule, through a process termed...

RNA Automation, a member of Rhein-Nadel Automation, was established in Birmingham UK, in 1986, and has progressed into becoming the major supplier of...

TectoRNAs are modular RNA units able to self-assemble into larger nanostructures in a programmable fashion. They  are generated by rational design through...

Therapeutics is a biopharmaceutical company developing oral medicines that target RNA to treat a range of diseases. The company is based in Waltham, Massachusetts...

siRNAs (ta-siRNAs) and phased siRNAs (phasiRNAs). The gene was first identified in Arabidopsis due to the mutant phenotype and the role of ta-siRNAs in...

18S ribosomal RNA (abbreviated 18S rRNA) is a part of the ribosomal RNA in eukaryotes. It is a component of the Eukaryotic small ribosomal subunit (40S)...

small interfering RNA (siRNA) generated from exogenous double-stranded RNA and microRNA (miRNA) generated from endogenous non-coding RNA, both produced by...

Brain cytoplasmic 200 long-noncoding RNA (or BC200 lncRNA) is a 200 nucleotide RNA transcript found predominantly in the brain with a primary function...

commonly called MS2, is an icosahedral, positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus that infects the bacterium Escherichia coli and other members of the...

regulation of RNA and the mechanisms of RNA-protein interactions. He identified RNA recognition motif (RRM) proteins, which are the largest family of RNA-binding...

Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) is the largest class of small non-coding RNA molecules expressed in animal cells. piRNAs form RNA-protein complexes through...

levels. Using single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) fragments, such as microRNA (miRNA), or double-stranded small interfering RNA (siRNA), the complex functions as...

bacteria. Bacteriophages are composed of proteins that encapsulate a DNA or RNA genome, and may have structures that are either simple or elaborate. Their...

chair of the RNA Therapeutics Institute. His research focuses on RNA-mediated mechanisms of gene regulation, including pre-mRNA splicing, RNA interference...

ribosomal RNA and transfer RNA). RNA can also have regulatory effects through hybridization interactions with other RNA molecules (such as microRNA). Although...

biology, the small nucleolar RNA SNORA73 (also called U17/E1 RNA) belongs to the H/ACA class of small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs). SNORA73 has functions involved...

RNA DsrA RNA FnrS RNA GadY RNA GcvB RNA IsrJ RNA MicA RNA / SraD RNA MicC RNA MicF RNA OmrA RNA / OmrB RNA / RygA RNA / RygB RNA / SraE RNA OxyS RNA Qrr...

cells by which an RNA primary transcript is chemically altered following transcription from a gene to produce a mature, functional RNA molecule that can...

Polyadenylation is the addition of a poly(A) tail to an RNA transcript, typically a messenger RNA (mRNA). The poly(A) tail consists of multiple adenosine monophosphates;...

organism with a genetic code capable of performing biological translation of RNA molecules to protein formation through peptide synthesis. Its descendants...

The ViennaRNA Package is software, a set of standalone programs and libraries used for predicting and analysing RNA nucleic acid secondary structures...

Physiology or Medicine, along with Craig C. Mello, for the discovery of RNA interference (RNAi). This research was conducted at the Carnegie Institution...

The aspS RNA motif is a conserved RNA structure that was discovered by bioinformatics. aspS motifs are found in a specific lineage of Actinomycetota. aspS...

signals in the newly synthesized transcript RNA that trigger processes which release the transcript RNA from the transcriptional complex. These processes...

small RNA 1 (Ms1 small RNA) is an RNA strand produced by Mycobacterium smegmatis. Highly expressed during stationary phase of growth, Ms1 RNA directly...

Exosome RNA helicase MTR4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MTREX gene (previously SKIV2L2). As an RNA helicase, the protein MTR4 participates...

that are enriched for structured non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). The method of enriching bacterial IGRs for ncRNA motif discovery was first reported for a study...

Marshall Warren Nirenberg) for describing the structure of alanine transfer RNA, linking DNA and protein synthesis. Holley was born in Urbana, Illinois,...

orthoflavivirus, orthoflaviviral or orthoflaviviruses) is a genus of positive-strand RNA viruses in the family Flaviviridae. The genus includes the West Nile virus...

28S ribosomal RNA is the structural ribosomal RNA (rRNA) for the large subunit (LSU) of eukaryotic cytoplasmic ribosomes, and thus one of the basic components...

He is known for his work with RNA proteins. He focuses on RNA-protein interactions and how they affect pathogenic RNA viruses and human immune system...

all RNA viruses, those which encode a viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). By the end of 2020 there were approximately 15,000 distinct RNA virus...

Picornaviruses are a group of related nonenveloped RNA viruses which infect vertebrates including fish, mammals, and birds. They are viruses that represent...

T7 RNA Polymerase is an RNA polymerase from the T7 bacteriophage that catalyzes the formation of RNA from DNA in the 5'→ 3' direction. T7 polymerase is...

between RNA and RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). The term RNP foci can also be used to denote intracellular compartments involved in processing of RNA transcripts...

Small Cajal body-specific RNAs (scaRNAs) are a class of small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) that specifically localise to the Cajal body, a nuclear organelle...

refers to the structure of nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA. Chemically speaking, DNA and RNA are very similar. Nucleic acid structure is often divided...

its RNA transcripts. The information content of an organism is recorded in the DNA of its genome and expressed through transcription. Here, mRNA serves...

RNA (STobRV). Most viruses have the capability to use host enzymes or their own replication machinery to independently replicate their own viral RNA....

mRNA (or messenger RNA) is ribonucleic acid (RNA) that is read by the ribosome to produce a protein. mRNA may also refer to: miRNA, a small non-coding...

receptor RNA activator 1 also known as steroid receptor RNA activator protein (SRAP) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SRA1 gene. The mRNA transcribed...

transcribed into functional non-coding RNA molecules (e.g. transfer RNA, microRNA, piRNA, ribosomal RNA, and regulatory RNAs). Other functional regions of the...

RNAs, mainly ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs and small nuclear RNAs. There are two main classes of snoRNA, the C/D box snoRNAs, which are associated with...

regulatory RNA) is a small non-coding RNA that is thought to be involved in the regulation of quorum sensing in Vibrio species. The use of small RNAs for vital...

cytotoxic granule-associated rna binding protein is a 3'UTR mRNA binding protein that can bind the 5'TOP sequence of 5'TOP mRNAs. It is associated with programmed...

RnaG is a small regulatory non-coding RNA encoded by the virulence plasmid of Shigella flexneri, a Gram-negative pathogenic bacterium that causes human...

Circulating cell-free RNA or cfRNA refers to freely-circulating ribonucleic acid molecules in various biological fluids such as blood (both plasma and...

as an RNA codon table, because when proteins are made in a cell by ribosomes, it is messenger RNA (mRNA) that directs protein synthesis. The mRNA sequence...

non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecules that guide the sites of modification of uridines to pseudouridines of substrate RNAs. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA)...

molecular biology, small nucleolar RNA derived microRNAs are microRNAs (miRNA) derived from small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA). MicroRNAs are usually derived from precursors...

as well as on inosine-containing RNA. In eukaryotes endoV is primarily a ribonuclease and cleaves single-stranded RNA at the 3' position relative to an...

research focuses on RNA biology and post-transcriptional gene regulation. He is noted for developing high-throughput methods to map RNA–protein interactions...

the sense of a nucleic acid molecule, particularly of a strand of DNA or RNA, refers to the nature of the roles of the strand and its complement in specifying...

which is used for biochemical purification of RNA-protein complexes and partnered to GFP for detection of RNA in living cells. More recently, the technique...

The HgcE RNA (also known as Pf3 RNA) gene is a non-coding RNA that was identified computationally and experimentally verified in AT-rich hyperthermophiles...

The RNA Ligase ribozyme was the first of several types of synthetic ribozymes produced by in vitro evolution and selection techniques. They are an important...

messenger RNA (mRNA) sequencing to determine which mRNAs are being actively translated. A related technique that can also be used to determine which mRNAs are...

RNA-OUT is a non-coding RNA that is antisense to the RNA-IN non-coding RNA. Transposition of insertion sequence IS10 is regulated by an anti-sense RNA...

reaction (RT-PCR) is a laboratory technique combining reverse transcription of RNA into DNA (in this context called complementary DNA or cDNA) and amplification...

Metabolic processes of RNA such as translation, transcription, ribosome biogenesis, RNA splicing, RNA transport, RNA editing, and RNA degradation are all...

non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule that guide the sites of modification of uridines to pseudouridines of substrate RNAs. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA)...

(HCV). It is an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, having the key function of replicating HCV's viral RNA by using the viral positive RNA strand as a template...

a database containing information about non-coding RNA (ncRNA) families and other structured RNA elements. It is an annotated, open access database originally...

complex positions RNA polymerase II (Pol II) at gene transcription start sites, denatures the DNA, and positions the DNA in the RNA polymerase II active...

The target of Sar RNA is ant mRNA. Structurally, Sar RNA forms two stem-loops. Schaefer KL, McClure WR (February 1997). "Antisense RNA control of gene expression...

recruits a preinitiation complex to which RNA polymerase I will bind to and begin the transcription of ribosomal RNA (rRNA). SL1 was discovered by Robert Tjian...

MALAT1-associated small cytoplasmic RNA, also known as mascRNA, is a non-coding RNA found in the cytosol. This is a small RNA, roughly 53–61 nucleotides in...

In molecular biology 7SK is an abundant small nuclear RNA found in metazoans. It plays a role in regulating transcription by controlling the positive...

(CEO) Daniel A. de Boer. It specializes in the development of RNA therapeutics using its RNA editing platform technology called Axiomer. ProQR was founded...

in the capsid.[citation needed] The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase that replicates both the positive and negative RNA strands is a complex of four proteins:...

cytosol composed of proteins and RNA that assemble into 0.1–2 μm membraneless organelles when the cell is under stress. The mRNA molecules found in stress granules...

chains of polymers or nucleic acids. DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase are used to assemble DNA and RNA molecules, respectively, by copying a DNA template...

The GRP RNA motif is a conserved RNA structural element identified in introns of glycine-rich RNA-binding protein genes, including GRP7 and GRP8. It is...

HgcC is a small non coding RNA (ncRNA). It is the functional product of a gene which is not translated into protein. This ncRNA gene was originally identified...

genes involved in them. Most DNA viruses assemble in the nucleus while most RNA viruses develop solely in cytoplasm. Viruses multiply only in living cells...

participates in the processing of ribosomal RNA (9S to 5S rRNA) and the chemical degradation of bulk cellular RNA. RNase E was suggested to be a part of the...

Gria2 pre-mRNA undergoes a type of editing called adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) editing. Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs) are the RNA editing enzymes...

momentary distribution of protein synthesis complexes along messenger RNA (mRNA) chains. Expression of genetic code in all life forms consists of two...

expressed without altering the underlying DNA sequence. Further, non-coding RNA sequences have been shown to play a key role in the regulation of gene expression...

occurring form, d-ribose, is a component of the ribonucleotides from which RNA is built, and so this compound is necessary for coding, decoding, regulation...

ribosomal protein S1 but is found in a large number of RNA-associated proteins. The structure of the S1 RNA-binding domain from the Escherichia coli polynucleotide...

RIP-chip (RNA immunoprecipitation chip) is a molecular biology technique which combines RNA immunoprecipitation with a microarray. The purpose of this...

mir-580 microRNA is a short RNA molecule. MicroRNAs function to regulate the expression levels of other genes by several mechanisms. MicroRNA Zhang T, Zhao...

heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA) or pre-mRNA into messenger RNA (mRNA). Short sequences of DNA are transcribed to RNA; then this RNA is translated to a...

intronic-sequence RNAs (ebv-sisRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs generated by repeat introns in the Epstein–Barr virus. After EBERs 1 and 2, ebv-sisRNA-1 is the...

single-stranded RNA viruses (for example Picornavirus, Flavivirus, Coronavirus, Togaviruses, Hepatitis C virus) and double-stranded RNA viruses (for example...

protein–DNA and protein–RNA interactions control the activity of RNA polymerase II, the molecular machine that synthesizes all messenger RNA (mRNA) and some small-nuclear...

of a type of infectious agent composed of RNA. Described as "viroid-like elements", obelisks consist of RNA in a circular rod shape without any protein...

products, RNA I (toxin) and RNA II (antitoxin) immediately form a stable complex where RNA II binds (and occludes) the ribosome binding site of RNA I, preventing...

an RNA motif that catalyzes reversible cleavage and ligation reactions at a specific site within an RNA molecule. It is one of several catalytic RNAs (ribozymes)...

Time-resolved RNA sequencing methods are applications of RNA-seq that allow for observations of RNA abundances over time in a biological sample or samples...

groups bound to the sugar. They are the molecular precursors of both DNA and RNA, which are chains of nucleotides made through the processes of DNA replication...

eukaryotic cells, the primary purpose of XPO5 is to export pre-microRNA (also known as pre-miRNA) out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm, for further processing...

is a ribonuclease enzyme involved in the maturation of transfer RNA and ribosomal RNA in bacteria, as well as in DNA repair pathways. It is a member of...

In enzymology, a RNA-3′-phosphate cyclase (EC 6.5.1.4) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP + RNA 3'-terminal-phosphate ⇌ {\displaystyle...

other rRNAs. The eukaryotic homolog of the 23S LSU rRNA is the 28S ribosomal RNA, with a region filled by the 5.8S ribosomal RNA. In general, rRNA has an...

agents, consisting solely of short strands of circular, single-stranded RNA without protein coats. They are only known to infect flowering plants, of...

activities include small, regulatory RNA molecules, RNA sequencing, RNA localization, as well as microRNA and long, non-coding RNA molecules in infected host cells...

that couples mRNA transcription and nuclear export. The TREX complex travels across transcribed genes with RNA polymerase II. TREX binds mRNA and recruits...

Sciences at Wayne State University. She works on modified RNAs, RNA-ligand interactions and RNA therapeutics. She is a Fellow of the American Chemical Society...

is one of many RNA helicases in the DExH superfamily, which unwind double-stranded sections of RNA or RNA/DNA hybrids and restructure RNA/protein complexes...

nucleolar RNA TBR12 is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule identified in Trypanosoma brucei which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs)...

ribosomal RNA (rRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and small nuclear RNA (snRNA). This modification is created through post-transcriptional modification of the RNA. This...

as diverse as natural language processing to the study the structure of RNA molecules and design of programming languages. Designing efficient PCFGs...

information minister, and soon published a pamphlet "War in America". The RNA's declared territory was Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, and South...

In molecular biology mir-25 microRNA is a short RNA molecule. MicroRNAs function to regulate the expression levels of other genes by several mechanisms...

almost exclusively found in oncogenic cells and enriched with RNA binding proteins as well as RNA polymerase III transcripts. The perinucleolar compartment...

of the four nucleotide bases found in DNA and RNA, along with adenine, guanine, and thymine (uracil in RNA). It is a pyrimidine derivative, with a heterocyclic...

Synaptotagmin-binding, cytoplasmic RNA-interacting protein (SYNCRIP), also known as heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) Q or NS1-associated...

Transfer RNA-like structures (tRNA-like structures) are RNA sequences, which have a similar tertiary structure to tRNA; they frequently contain a pseudoknot...

covalently attached to the 5′ end of positive strand viral RNA and acts as a primer during RNA synthesis in a variety of virus families including Picornaviridae...

In molecular biology mir-489 microRNA is a short RNA molecule, encoded by the MIR489 gene. MicroRNAs function is to regulate the expression levels of other...

OLE RNA (Ornate Large Extremophilic RNA) is a conserved RNA structure present in certain bacteria. The RNA averages roughly 610 nucleotides in length....

APOB and by a single mRNA transcript larger than 16 kb. ApoB48 is generated when a stop codon (UAA) at residue 2153 is created by RNA editing. There appears...

TsRNA can stand for: Toxic Small RNA tRNA-derived small RNA This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title TsRNA. If an internal link...

A nucleoside-modified messenger RNA (modRNA) is a synthetic messenger RNA (mRNA) in which some nucleosides are replaced by other naturally modified nucleosides...

RNA 2',3'-cyclic phosphate and 5'-OH ligase is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RTCB gene. It is found in the stress granule of cells. As of...

with the Fragile=X mental retardation protein. The pre-mRNA of this protein is subject to RNA editing. The editing site was previously recorded as a single...

Pab35 H/ACA snoRNA with rRNA targets. HgcC family RNA HgcE RNA HgcG RNA SscA RNA Klein RJ, Misulovin Z, Eddy SR (May 2002). "Noncoding RNA genes identified...

RNA polymerase III subunit B is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the POLR3B gene. It is the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase III. Subunit...

to this kind of bond in DNA and RNA chains). The involved saccharide groups are deoxyribose in DNA and ribose in RNA. In order for the phosphodiester...

RNA exonuclease 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the gene REXO5 (previously LOC81691). Not much has been reported about the function of this...

23S rRNA pseudouridine746 synthase (EC 5.4.99.29, RluA, 23S RNA PSI746 synthase, 23S rRNA pseudouridine synthase, pseudouridine synthase RluA) is an enzyme...

A short hairpin RNA or small hairpin RNA (shRNA/Hairpin Vector) is an artificial RNA molecule with a tight hairpin turn that can be used to silence target...

that utilize synthetic DNA guides, rather than canonical RNA guides, to recognize and target RNA molecules. These systems primarily utilize Cas12a and variants...

The RNA integrity number (RIN) is an algorithm for assigning integrity values to RNA measurements. The integrity of RNA is a major concern for gene expression...

αr7 is a family of bacterial small non-coding RNAs with representatives in a broad group of Alphaproteobacterial species from the order Hyphomicrobiales...

Ribosomal RNA Ribosome Ribosomes Ribozyme Risk communication RNA RNA editing RNA phage RNA polymerase RNA replicase RNA splicing Robertsonian fusion rRNA S (Svedberg...

U2 spliceosomal snRNAs are a species of small nuclear RNA (snRNA) molecules found in the major spliceosomal (Sm) machinery of virtually all eukaryotic...

NoRC associated RNA (also known as pRNA) is a non-coding RNA element which regulates ribosomal RNA transcription by interacting with TIP5, part of the...

positive-sense RNA genomes. Within this family, CIRV belongs to the Tombusvirus genus. RNA Genome: CIRV possesses a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome...

Mitochondrially encoded tRNA lysine also known as MT-TK is a transfer RNA which in humans is encoded by the mitochondrial MT-TK gene. The MT-TK gene is...

DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the POLR2D gene. This gene encodes the fourth-largest subunit of RNA polymerase...

linked to an engineered reverse transcriptase, and a prime editing guide RNA (pegRNA), capable of identifying the target site and providing the new genetic...

mRNA(s). In Brucella suis 1330 RNA sequencing identified a novel list of 33 sRNAs and 62 Hfq-associated mRNAs. In Brucella melitensis eight novel sRNA...

northern blot, and is used in molecular biology to detect interactions between RNA and proteins. A related technique, the western blot, is used to detect a...

Oligonucleotides are short DNA or RNA molecules, oligomers, that have a wide range of applications in genetic testing, research, and forensics. Commonly...

course of viral evolution. When replicating its (+)ssRNA genome, the poliovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) is able to carry out recombination...

Although non-canonical pairs can occur in both DNA and RNA, they primarily form stable structures in RNA, where they contribute to its structural diversity...

only extend an existing DNA or RNA strand paired with a template strand. To begin synthesis, a short fragment of RNA, called a primer, must be created...

In molecular biology, LSm proteins are a family of RNA-binding proteins found in virtually every cellular organism. LSm is a contraction of 'like Sm'...

include: large RNA and protein complexes: ribosome, spliceosome, vault large protein complexes: proteasome, DNA polymerase III holoenzyme, RNA polymerase...

cleaves the RNA and removes extra 3' nucleotides from the tRNA precursor, generating the 3' termini of tRNAs. A 3'-hydroxy group is left at the tRNA terminus...

RUF3 is a non-coding RNA(ncRNA) present within the plasmodium genome. Bioinformatic studies predicted that RUF3 was present within the plasmodium genome...

free carboxyl group (-COOH). When the protein is translated from messenger RNA, it is created from N-terminus to C-terminus. The convention for writing...

transcriptase/maturase within a stem–loop structure in the intron RNA". RNA. 10 (9): 1433–1443. doi:10.1261/rna.7730104. ISSN 1355-8382. PMC 1370629. PMID 15273321...

The DEAD RNA motif is a conserved non-coding RNA (ncRNA) found in the introns of DEAD-box RNA helicase genes across land plants. It was identified through...

The Royal National Agricultural and Industrial Association of Queensland (RNA) is an organisation which aims to promote and encourage the development of...

MEF2C antisense RNA 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MEF2C-AS1 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000248309 – Ensembl, May 2017 "Human...

The Methylophilales-1 RNA motif is a conserved RNA structure that was discovered by bioinformatics. Energetically stable tetraloops often occur in this...

nucleolar RNA TBR6 is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule identified in Trypanosoma brucei which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs)...

RNA-binding protein 8A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RBM8A gene. This gene encodes a protein with a conserved RNA-binding motif. The protein...

RNA timestamp is a technology that enables the age of any given RNA transcript to be inferred by exploiting RNA editing. In this technique, the RNA of...

binding to RNA polymerase, thus inhibiting RNA synthesis inside a cell. Streptolydigin inhibits bacterial RNA polymerase, but not eukaryotic RNA polymerase...

Alphamononivirus is a genus of enveloped, positive-strand RNA viruses in the order Nidovirales which infect planarian flatworms. Member virus planarian...

of RNA. Furthermore, an RNA column is typically unsuitable for purification of short (<200 nucleotides) RNA species, such as siRNA, miRNA and tRNA. It...

expressed by copying the information to single-stranded RNA. The RNA was produced by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase using nucleotides similar to those of DNA...

causing the transcription complex to dissociate and the newly synthesized RNA molecule to be released from the DNA template. In bacteria such as E. coli...

near or within the ncRNA component of RNase MRP, RMRP, has been identified. The endoribonuclease RNase MRP is a complex of RNA molecule and several proteins...

mRNA-based disease diagnosis technologies are diagnostic procedures using messenger RNAs. as molecular diagnostic tools to discover the relationships...

Narnavirus is a genus of positive-strand RNA viruses in the family Narnaviridae. Fungi serve as natural hosts. There are two species in this genus. Member...

BRAF-activated non-protein coding RNA is a noncoding RNA that in humans is encoded by the BANCR gene. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in the intricate...

contains 3 RNA-binding domains and binds cis-acting AU-rich elements in 3' untranslated regions. One of its best-known functions is to stabilize mRNAs in order...

bases A, C, G and T being found in DNA while A, C, G and U are found in RNA. Thymine and uracil are distinguished by merely the presence or absence of...

Ribonomics is the study of ribonucleic acids (RNAs) associated with RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). The term was introduced by Robert Cedergren and colleagues...

In enzymology, a mRNA (guanine-N7-)-methyltransferase also known as mRNA cap guanine-N7 methyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction...

DUF2800 RNA motif is a conserved RNA structure that was discovered by bioinformatics. DUF2800 motif RNAs are found in Bacillota. DUF2800 RNAs are also...

acids such as DNA or RNA that lead to protein biosynthesis of antigens within a cell. Genetic vaccines thus include DNA vaccines, RNA vaccines and viral...

ATP-dependent RNA helicase DHX58 also known as RIG-I-like receptor 3 (RLR-3) or RIG-I-like receptor LGP2 (RLR) is a RIG-I-like receptor dsRNA helicase enzyme...

αr15 is a family of bacterial small non-coding RNAs with representatives in a broad group of α-proteobacteria from the order Rhizobiales. The first members...

The Republic of New Afrika (RNA) is a black nationalist organization in the United States founded in 1968 after the civil rights movement by supporters...

Massachusetts, that focuses on RNA therapeutics, primarily mRNA vaccines. These vaccines use a copy of a molecule called messenger RNA (mRNA) to carry instructions...

small RNAs (abbreviated anti small RNA or anti-sRNA) are short RNA sequences (about 50-500 nucleotides long) that are complementary to other small RNA (sRNA)...

Especially Vibrionales RNA motif (PAGEV RNA motif) is a conserved RNA structure that was discovered by bioinformatics. PAGEV motif RNAs are found in Gammaproteobacteria...

involved in both mRNA nuclear export and mRNA surveillance. The encoded protein is one of two functional homologs to yeast Upf3p. mRNA surveillance detects...

mir-874 microRNA is a short RNA molecule. MicroRNAs function to regulate the expression levels of other genes by several mechanisms. MicroRNA Shaoqing Y...

is an RNA chain of only 218 nucleotides that is able to be reproduced by the RNA replication enzyme RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, also called RNA replicase...

ribosomal RNA maturation endonuclease) is an enzyme. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction Endonucleolytic cleavage of RNA, removing 21...

sequencing of RNA isolated by crosslinking immunoprecipitation (HITS-CLIP) is a variant of CLIP for genome-wide mapping protein–RNA binding sites or RNA modification...

RNA polymerase II subunit A C-terminal domain phosphatase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CTDP1 gene. This gene encodes a protein which...

The signal recognition particle RNA, (also known as 7SL, 6S, ffs, or 4.5S RNA) is part of the signal recognition particle (SRP) ribonucleoprotein complex...

Bacteriophage pRNA is a ncRNA element. During replication of linear dsDNA viruses, the viral genome is packaged into the pre-formed viral procapsid. The...

RNA, 18S ribosomal is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LOC109910383 gene. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information...

relationships among individuals are determined using character traits, such as DNA, RNA or protein, which may be obtained using a variety of sequencing technologies...

Tsix is a non-coding RNA gene that is antisense to the Xist RNA. Tsix binds Xist during X chromosome inactivation. The name Tsix comes from the reverse...

to many breakthroughs in RNA biochemistry, including the enzymatic synthesis of RNAs from synthetic DNA templates using T7 RNA polymerase.[better source needed]...

Long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 598 is an lncRNA that in humans is encoded by the LINC00598 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000215483 –...

involved in an assortment of metabolic processes that typically involve RNAs, but in some cases also other nucleic acids. They are highly conserved in...

has also used EDC to assess the structure state of uracil nucleobases in RNA. EDC is commercially available. It may be prepared by coupling ethyl isocyanate...

RNAs and degrade abnormal RNAs. Different type of RNA substrates include ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), transfer RNAs (tRNAs)...

in RNA processing of thousands of RNAs simultaneously thereby reprogramming the cell to become more oncogenic. eIF4E impacts the extent of m7G RNA capping...

non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule that guide the sites of modification of uridines to pseudouridines of substrate RNAs. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA)...

MAPT antisense RNA 1 is a noncoding RNA that in humans is encoded by the MAPT-AS1 gene. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information...

great majority have an RNA genome, which is usually small and single stranded (ss), but some viruses have double-stranded (ds) RNA, ssDNA or dsDNA genomes...

forms of RNA are made; circular genomic RNA, circular complementary antigenomic RNA, and a linear polyadenylated antigenomic RNA, which is the mRNA containing...

αr45 is a family of bacterial small non-coding RNAs with representatives in a broad group of α-proteobacteria from the order Hyphomicrobiales. The first...

cytoplasmic seryl-tRNA synthetase are a human gene and its encoded enzyme product, respectively. SARS belongs to the class II amino-acyl tRNA family and is...

8-Hydroxyguanosine (8-OHG) is an RNA nucleoside which is an oxidative derivative of guanosine. The incorporation of oxidized bases is typically detrimental...

In molecular biology, a hybridization probe (HP) is a fragment of DNA or RNA, usually 15–10000 nucleotides long, which can be radioactively or fluorescently...

Micro-RNA group: micro-RNA's are small RNA molecules with important roles in regulation of gene expression. The group analyses the biology of micro-RNA's using...

ribosomal RNAs (12S and 16S), and 14 transfer RNAs (tRNAs). The light strand encodes one subunit and 8 tRNAs. So, altogether mtDNA encodes for two rRNAs, 22...

spliceosomal RNA. scaRNAs are a specific class of small nucleolar RNAs that localise to the Cajal bodies and guide the modification of RNA polymerase II...

localizes to RNA granules, membraneless bodies containing mRNAs and associated RNA-binding proteins, where it facilitates posttranscriptional RNA processing...

assess chromosomal integrity. RNA ISH (RNA in situ hybridization) is used to measure and localize RNAs (mRNAs, lncRNAs, and miRNAs) within tissue sections,...

between small molecules and RNA, and using those RNA-small molecule interactions to probe the structure, and function of RNA. The long-term goal of the...

reaction, this method involves RNA transcription (via RNA polymerase) and DNA synthesis (via reverse transcriptase) to produce an RNA amplicon (the source or...

Groups:[citation needed] I - dsDNA II - ssDNA III - dsRNA IV - positive-sense ssRNA V - negative-sense ssRNA VI - ssRNA-RT VII - dsDNA-RT The clinical characteristics...

guanine-cytosine content) is the percentage of nitrogenous bases in a DNA or RNA molecule that are either guanine (G) or cytosine (C). This measure indicates...

then be sequenced as described above. The bulk of RNA expressed in cells are ribosomal RNAs or small RNAs, detrimental for cellular translation, but often...

in different types of RNA species viz.mRNA, rRNA, tRNA, snoRNA, snRNA, miRNA, tmRNA as well as viral RNA species. Specific RNA methyltransferases are...

of piRNAs and proteins of piRNA machinery along with several distinct RNA regulator proteins. Although evidence suggests CB involvement in mRNA regulation...

DNA-directed RNA polymerases I and III subunit RPAC1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the POLR1C gene. POLR1C has been shown to interact with...

which lin-4, the first microRNA (miRNA) discovered by Victor Ambros, regulates the translation of target messenger RNAs via imperfect base-pairing to...

FnrS RNA is a family of Hfq-binding small RNA whose expression is upregulated in response to anaerobic conditions. It is named FnrS because its expression...

transcribed RNA into DNA through reverse transcription. Thus, they differ from Class II transposable elements, or DNA transposons, in utilizing an RNA intermediate...

In the field of molecular biology, the 6S RNA is a non-coding RNA that was one of the first to be identified and sequenced. What it does in the bacterial...

mRNA-decapping enzyme 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DCP2 gene. DCP2 is a key component of an mRNA-decapping complex required for removal...

nucleic acid polymers – deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), both of which are essential biomolecules within all life-forms on Earth...

used to produce multiple copies of single stranded RNA. NASBA is a two-step process that takes RNA and anneals specially designed primers, then utilizes...

The IMES-5 RNA motif is a conserved RNA structure that was discovered by bioinformatics. These RNAs are present in environmental sequences, and have not...

of the virus particle and is an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase enzyme. In an infected cell, this enzyme produces mRNA transcripts for the synthesis of...

technologies (e.g. RNA-Seq) using Bowtie first and then mapping to a reference genome to discover RNA splice sites de novo. TopHat aligns RNA-Seq reads to mammalian-sized...

on microRNA biogenesis. Her pioneering studies have laid the groundwork for the biology of microRNA and contributed to the improvement of RNA interference...

Return to Football Top Division". rna.ao. 2021-07-26. Retrieved 2021-08-22. "LUNDA SUL VOLTA A TER EQUIPA NO GIRABOLA". rna.ao. 2021-07-26. Retrieved 2021-08-22...

requires only a CRISPR RNA (crRNA) for effective targeting, whereas Cas9 necessitates both a crRNA and a trans-activating crRNA (tracrRNA). The programmable...

mir-M7 microRNA is a short RNA molecule. MicroRNAs function to regulate the expression levels of other genes by several mechanisms. MicroRNA Strassheim...

messenger RNA (mRNA). This conversion is carried out by enzymes, known as RNA polymerases, in the nucleus of the cell. In eukaryotes, this mRNA is initially...

Small nucleolar RNA host gene 6 is a Long non-coding RNA that in humans is encoded by the SNHG6 gene. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology...

molecular biology, AfaR small RNA is an Hfq-dependent small RNA produced by the bacterium Escherichia coli. It is an Hfq-dependent RNA which downregulates AfaD-VIII...

tRNA (guanine37-N1)-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.228, TrmD, tRNA (m1G37) methyltransferase, transfer RNA (m1G37) methyltransferase, Trm5p, TRMT5, tRNA-(N1G37)...

as RNA interference (RNAi). Argonaute proteins bind different classes of small non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), small interfering RNAs (siRNAs)...

tRNA-splicing endonuclease subunit Sen15 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the TSEN15 gene. tRNA splicing is a fundamental process for cell growth...

The pemK RNA motif is a conserved RNA structure that was discovered by bioinformatics. pemK motif RNAs are found in organisms within the phylum Bacillota...

fellowship, she was instrumental in the research that led to the discovery of RNA splicing and split genes, which awarded Sharp the 1993 Nobel Prize in Physiology...

Protein kinase RNA-activated also known as protein kinase R (PKR), interferon-induced, double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase, or eukaryotic translation...

research focuses on small RNAs and other types of non-coding RNAs. His laboratory works to identify the target mRNAs of microRNAs (miRNAs), and has discovered...

produce messenger RNA (mRNA). That mRNA is then translated into proteins. When a repressor protein binds to the silencer region of DNA, RNA polymerase is...

RNA-induced transcriptional silencing (RITS) is a form of RNA interference by which short RNA molecules – such as small interfering RNA (siRNA) – trigger...

It is a DNA polymerase that can use either DNA or RNA templates and a ribonuclease H that cuts RNA in the duplex. Both functions are supplied by the reverse...

telomeres. Telomerase is a reverse transcriptase enzyme that carries its own RNA molecule (e.g., with the sequence 3′-CCCAAUCCC-5′ in Trypanosoma brucei)...

Enhancer of mRNA-decapping protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EDC3 gene. EDC3 is associated with an mRNA-decapping complex required...

strain AIMST Nae8 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence. NCBI. Bacillus altitudinis strain AIMST Nre3 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence. NCBI....

although non-replicative mechanisms involving direct ligation of genomic RNA fragments have also been proposed. DIPs are derived from and associated with...

αr14 is a family of bacterial small non-coding RNAs with representatives in a broad group of α-proteobacteria. The first member of this family (Smr14C2)...

small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) identified in B lymphocytes infected with the Epstein–Barr virus (human herpesvirus 4 (HHV-4)). This snoRNA is the first known...

in mRNA and DNA. It is found within some viruses, and most eukaryotes including mammals, insects, plants and yeast. It is also found in tRNA, rRNA, and...

West Nile virus (WNV) is a single-stranded RNA virus that causes West Nile fever. It is a member of the family Flaviviridae, from the genus Orthoflavivirus...

23S rRNA (uridine2552-2'-O)-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.166, Um(2552) 23S ribosomal RNA methyltransferase, heat shock protein RrmJ, RrmJ, FTSJ, Um2552...

snRNA-activating protein complex subunit 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SNAPC1 gene. SNAPC1 has been shown to interact with SNAPC4, SNAPC3...

of the family of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-binding proteins involved in the transport and/or localization of mRNAs to different subcellular compartments...

functions as an RNA regulator through its interaction with MTREX. In particular, it regulates RNA degradation, and the transport of RNA out of the nucleus...

between the hlyE and umuD genes. The function of this RNA is unknown. C0343 RNA C0465 RNA C0719 RNA Tjaden B, Saxena RM, Stolyar S, Haynor DR, Kolker E...

Marnaviridae is a family of positive-stranded RNA viruses in the order Picornavirales that infect various photosynthetic marine protists. Members of the...

MicroRNA 548v is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MIR548V gene. microRNAs (miRNAs) are short (20-24 nt) non-coding RNAs that are involved in...

topical and some of which are absorbed by the crop. RNA interference (RNAi) uses segments of RNA to fatally silence crucial insect genes. In 2024 two...

enzyme is used to generate complementary DNA (cDNA) from the retroviral RNA genome. This process is called reverse transcription. To complete this complex...

endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs, also refer as miRNA sponges) hypothesis: ceRNAs regulate other RNA transcripts (e.g., PTEN) by competing for shared microRNAs. They...

RNA. It is generally located around 8 bases upstream of the start codon AUG. The RNA sequence helps recruit the ribosome to the messenger RNA (mRNA)...

RyhB RNA is a 90 nucleotide RNA that down-regulates a set of iron-storage and iron-using proteins when iron is limiting; it is itself negatively regulated...

omics terminology refers to the measurement of all the mRNA in a cell rather than select RNA targets. It comprises an important part of spatial biology...

Bulk RNA barcoding and sequencing (BRB-seq) is an ultra-high-throughput bulk 3' mRNA-seq technology that uses early-stage sample barcoding and unique...

CDR1 antisense RNA is an circular RNA that in humans is encoded by the CDR1-AS gene. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information...

unique single-stranded DNA/RNA hybrid called multicopy single-stranded DNA (msDNA). Retron msr RNA is the non-coding RNA produced by retron elements...

rRNA N-glycosylase (EC 3.2.2.22, ribosomal ribonucleate N-glycosidase, nigrin b, RNA N-glycosidase, rRNA N-glycosidase, ricin, momorcochin-S, Mirabilis...

mir-14 microRNA is a short RNA molecule. MicroRNAs function to regulate the expression levels of other genes by several mechanisms. MicroRNA Gao L, Zuo...

The PGK RNA motif is a conserved RNA structure that was discovered by bioinformatics. PGK motif RNAs are found in metagenomic sequences isolated from the...

Plant-infecting positive-strand RNA viruses from the Tombusviridae and Solemoviridae families contain Exoribonuclease-Resistant RNAs (xrRNAs), typically located at...

of a pyrimidine. Nucleotides are the molecular building blocks of DNA and RNA. This list does not include modified nucleobases and the corresponding nucleosides...

in the replication of DNA and is a type of RNA polymerase. Primase catalyzes the synthesis of a short RNA (or DNA in some living organisms) segment called...

is known for her discoveries involving RNA, including insights into how ribosomes interact with messenger RNA by complementary base pairing and that introns...

non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule that guide the sites of modification of uridines to pseudouridines of substrate RNAs. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA)...

non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecules that guide the sites of modification of uridines to pseudouridines of substrate RNAs. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA)...

technology for RNA oligonucleotide synthesis. Originally, the company's focus was to develop 2'-ACE RNA technology as the standard for RNA synthesis and...

strand of RNA could have been the template for the first life on Earth and that these imidazole-activated nucleotides could have used this RNA template...

The 5S ribosomal RNA (5S rRNA) is an approximately 120 nucleotide-long ribosomal RNA molecule with a mass of 40 kDa. It is a structural and functional...

Rhabdoviridae is a family of negative-strand RNA viruses in the order Mononegavirales. Vertebrates (including mammals), invertebrates, plants, fungi,...

Spot 42 (spf) RNA is a regulatory non-coding bacterial small RNA encoded by the spf (spot forty-two) gene. Spf is found in gammaproteobacteria and the...

nucleolar RNA host gene 1 is a non-protein coding RNA that in humans is encoded by the SNHG1 gene. This locus represents a small nucleolar RNA host gene...

non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule that guide the sites of modification of uridines to pseudouridines of substrate RNAs. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA)...

compared tRNA encodings found within rRNA with tRNA found in E. coli to see if the secondary structure was the same as more "modern" tRNA present in...

non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule that guide the sites of modification of uridines to pseudouridines of substrate RNAs. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA)...

non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule that guide the sites of modification of uridines to pseudouridines of substrate RNAs. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA)...

The Dische test, or Dische reaction, is used to distinguish DNA from RNA. It was invented by Zacharias Dische. Dische's diphenylamine reagent consists...

used for cataloging microRNAs and their targets. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) represent an important class of small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that regulate gene expression...

RNAs (snRNAs) involved in splicing pre-messenger RNA into messenger RNA in eukaryotic cells. Guthrie cloned and sequenced the genes for yeast snRNA and...

U1 spliceosomal RNA is the small nuclear RNA (snRNA) component of U1 snRNP (small nuclear ribonucleoprotein), an RNA-protein complex that combines with...

rpfG RNA motif is a conserved RNA structure that was discovered by bioinformatics. The rpfG RNA motif is found in the genus Xanthomonas. rpfG RNAs are...

VIM antisense RNA 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the VIM-AS1 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000229124 – Ensembl, May 2017 "Human...

ribosomal RNA operon, the design of plasmids for studying gene expression, expression vectors for high-level production of recombinant proteins and RNA, RNA biology...

RNA is replicated into a dsRNA genome utilizing an RNA dependent-RNA polymerase. The newly synthesized dsRNA is used to both transcribe more (+)ssRNA...

transcription. Transcription factories containing RNA polymerase II are the most studied but factories can exist for RNA polymerase I and III; the nucleolus being...

acid (LSU rRNA) is the largest of the two major RNA components of the ribosome. Associated with a number of ribosomal proteins, the LSU rRNA forms the...

MicroRNA 148a is a miRNA that in humans is encoded by the MIR148A gene. microRNAs (miRNAs) are short (20-24 nt) non-coding RNAs that are involved in post-transcriptional...

Artoviridae is a family of negative-strand RNA viruses in the order Mononegavirales. Barnacles, copepods, odonates, parasitoid wasps, pile worms, and...

The Tryptophan operon leader is an RNA element found at the 5′ of some bacterial tryptophan operons. The leader sequence can form two different structures...

In molecular biology mir-550 microRNA is a short RNA molecule. MicroRNAs function to regulate the expression levels of other genes by several mechanisms...

the genus Flavivirus. The Flavivirus positive-oriented, single-stranded RNA genome has a length of 10,000 - 11,000 bases. The genus includes human pathogens...

Glu- Ala- His). A wide range of RNA helicases belongs to this family. Specifically, DHX8 acts as an ATP-dependent RNA helicase involved in splicing and...

classical RNA interference (RNAi) mechanism of gene silencing. They coined the terms “RNA activation (RNAa)” and “small activating RNA (saRNA)”, establishing...

The RNA Characterization of Secondary Structure Motifs database (RNA CoSSMos) is a repository of three-dimensional nucleic acid PDB structures containing...

nucleotide sequence within a gene that is not expressed or operative in the final RNA product. The word intron is derived from the term intragenic region, i.e...

inhibitor of RNA polymerase II. Promanullin has a specific attraction to the enzyme RNA polymerase II. Upon ingestion, it binds to the RNA polymerase II...

snRNA: Small nuclear RNA are used in spliceosomes to help the processing of pre-mRNA. gRNA: Guide RNA are used in RNA editing. miRNA: Micro RNA are...

rRNA (guanine1207-N2)-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.172, m2G1207 methyltransferase) is an enzyme with systematic name S-adenosyl-L-methionine:16S rRNA...

OmrA-B RNA gene family (also known as SraE RNA, RygA and RygB and OmrA and OmrB) is a pair of homologous OmpR-regulated small non-coding RNA that was...

A wide variety of non-coding RNAs have been identified in various species of organisms known to science. However, RNAs have also been identified in "metagenomics"...

Dreams (1999). He opposed the RNA world hypothesis, and held that the spontaneous emergence of a molecule as complicated as RNA is highly unlikely. Instead...

pre-messenger RNA in animal cells and observed for the first time the processing of pre-ribosomal RNA (pre-rRNA) into functional rRNA. These discoveries...

Long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 520 is a long non-coding RNA that in humans is encoded by the LINC00520 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000258791...

RNAs were identified. Expression of 11 of them was confirmed by Northern blot. The sRNAs were shown to be only present in Streptomyces species. sRNA scr4677...

ssnA RNA motif is a conserved RNA structure that was discovered by bioinformatics. ssnA motif RNAs are found in Clostridiales. ssnA motif RNAs likely...

questions. They produced RNA composed solely of uracil, a nucleotide that only occurs in RNA. They then added this synthetic poly-uracil RNA into a cell-free...

The miR-29 microRNA precursor, or pre-miRNA, is a small RNA molecule in the shape of a stem-loop or hairpin. Each arm of the hairpin can be processed...

Alternative splicing, alternative RNA splicing, or differential splicing is an alternative splicing process during gene expression that allows a single...

ancestors of SARS-CoV-1. These enveloped, positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses enter host cells by binding to the angiotensin-converting enzyme...

enzymology, an [RNA-polymerase]-subunit kinase (EC 2.7.11.23) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP + [DNA-directed RNA polymerase] ⇌ {\displaystyle...

increasing the speed of pairing between the preprimer RNA, RNA II, and its antisense RNA, RNA I. Structurally, Rop is a homodimeric four-helix bundle...

double-stranded RNA viruses which infect eukaryotes. The name of the group derives from Italian duplo which means double (a reference to double-stranded), rna for...

Cold-inducible RNA-binding protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CIRBP gene. The cold-inducible, RNA-binding protein CIRBP plays a critical...

~3130 other types of RNA modification. RMBase includes thousands of modifications to messenger RNA, non-coding RNA and microRNA, and also includes information...

ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX3X is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DDX3X gene. DEAD box proteins are putative RNA helicases characterized...

noncoding RNA databases, which provide information about lncRNAs. Rinn, J. L.; Chang, H. Y. (2012). "Genome Regulation by Long Noncoding RNAs". Annual...

Bacilli-1 RNA motif is a conserved RNA structure that was discovered by bioinformatics. Bacilli-1 motifs are found in Bacilli. Bacilli-1 RNAs likely function...

often through RNA intermediates. SINEs compose about 13% of the mammalian genome. The internal regions of SINEs originate from tRNA and remain highly...

Duplornaviricota is a phylum of RNA viruses, which contains all double-stranded RNA viruses, except for those in phylum Pisuviricota. Characteristic of...

molecular biology, miR-130 microRNA precursor is a small non-coding RNA that regulates gene expression. This microRNA has been identified in mouse (MI0000156[link...

(melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5) is a RIG-I-like receptor dsRNA helicase enzyme that is encoded by the IFIH1 gene in humans. MDA5 is part...

The bacterial sroD RNA gene is a non-coding RNA of 90 nucleotides in length. sroD is found in several Enterobacterial species but its function is unknown...

23S rRNA (pseudouridine1915-N3)-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.177, YbeA, RlmH, pseudouridine methyltransferase, m3Psi methyltransferase, Psi1915-specific...

(precursor RNA processing, gene 24) is a protein part of the pre-messenger RNA splicing process and aids the binding of U6 snRNA to U4 snRNA during the...

associate to form the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) which functions to transcribe and replicate the viral RNA. Viral messenger RNA transcription – The...

may encode a protein, or it may work at the level of RNA, as in the case of genes encoding microRNAs. An example of a regulator gene is a gene that codes...

the rate of mRNA translation into proteins within cells. It has been measured in protein per mRNA per hour. Several RNA elements within mRNAs have been shown...