Ranginui Joseph Isaac WalkerDCNZM (1 March 1932 – 29 February 2016) was an influential New Zealand academic, author, and activist of Māori and Lebanese descent.[1] "I think he was the Māori commentator for a very long period," his biographer, Paul Spoonley, has said.[2] Walker wrote about the struggles for Māori land rights and cultural identity and, says Spoonley, "confront[ed] Pakeha about their lack of understanding and prejudices to Māori" in his books and regular columns for the weekly New Zealand Listener and the monthly Metro magazine throughout the 1980s and 1990s.[2][3]
Early life
Walker was born in 1932 into a farming family on the tribal lands of Whakatōhea, near Ōpōtiki in the Bay of Plenty.[3] He credited his aunt Wairata, a foster mother, for helping him to learn Māori language and culture at a young age. In his own history of Whakatōhea (2007) Walker explained that at this time Māori language and culture were unfashionable, and that his generation was expected to assimilate.[3]
Education
Walker was sent to St Peter's Maori College Auckland at the age of twelve.[3] He went on to attend Auckland Teachers' Training College, and worked as a primary school teacher for 10 years.[2] He gained a Bachelor of Arts and a Diploma in Teaching in 1962, a Master's in 1965, and finished his doctorate in 1970.[3] The title of his doctoral thesis was The social adjustment of the Maori to urban living in Auckland.[4]
Personal life
Walker met Deidre Dobson at Auckland Teachers' Training College in Epsom, and the couple were married in 1953. They had three children. According to biographer Professor Paul Spoonley, "The acceptance of intermarriage was an issue for both sets of parents: Walker's parents were concerned that Deidre was a Pākehā and not Roman Catholic; Deidre's were concerned that their daughter was to marry a Māori."[3][5]
Walker commented that the country's race problems would be solved 'in the bedrooms of the nation.'[3]
Career and activism
Walker was a member of Māori activist group Ngā Tamatoa and Secretary of the Auckland District Māori Council from 1969 to 1973 and chairman from 1974 to 1990.[2]
In 1993 he became the Professor and Head of Māori Studies at the University of Auckland.[6]
In 2003, Walker became a member of the Waitangi Tribunal.[7] He held a strong belief in Maori Identity, and had stated that William Hobson's declaration that "He iwi tahi tātou", meaning "We are now one people", in the Treaty of Waitangi, was a cultural attack on the indigenous people of New Zealand.[8]
Following Walker's death in 2016, Prime Minister John Key said Walker was "not only an insightful commentator on important historical and contemporary issues but was a tireless and passionate advocate for Māori".[2]
Former Prime Minister Helen Clark tweeted "Greatly saddened by news of death of Ranginui Walker, one of New Zealand's finest people; eminent academic & author."[2]
Published works
Walker published a number of books, including:
Perceptions and Attitudes of the New Generation of Maoris to Pakeha Domination (1981)
History of Maori Activism (1983)
The Treaty of Waitangi (1983)
The Political Development of the Maori People in New Zealand (1984)
The Meaning of Biculturalism (1986)
Nga Mamae o te Iwi Maori: Te Ripoata o te Hui i Turangawaewae (1987)
Nga Tau Tohetohe The Years of Anger (1987)
Ka Whawhai Tonu Matou / Struggle Without End (1990) Second Edition (2004)
Liberating Maori from Educational Subjection (1991)
Nga Pepa a Ranginui The Walker Papers (1997)
He Tipua The Life and Times of Sir Apirana Ngata (2001)
