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Retinyl acetate (also called vitamin A acetate or all‑trans‑retinol acetate) is a synthetic, fat‑soluble acetate ester of retinol often used to supply...

Retinyl palmitate, or vitamin A palmitate, is the ester of retinol (vitamin A) and palmitic acid, with formula C36H60O2. It is the most abundant form...

a group of chemically related organic compounds that includes retinol, retinyl esters, and several provitamin (precursor) carotenoids, most notably β-carotene...

human diet is plant pigments such as carotenes and retinyl esters derived from animal sources. Retinyl esters are transported through the chylomicron pathway...

refers to the toxic effects of ingesting too much preformed vitamin A (retinyl esters, retinol, and retinal). Symptoms arise as a result of altered bone...

Retinol is a hydrolytic metabolite of retinyl esters belonging to the group of vitamin A1 as an alcohol form. Retinol or other forms of vitamin A are...

O2 which is formed during photosynthesis. β-Carotene is composed of two retinyl groups, and is broken down in the mucosa of the human small intestine by...

The enzyme 11-cis-retinyl-palmitate hydrolase (EC 3.1.1.63) catalyzes the reaction 11-cis-retinyl palmitate + H2O ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons...

isomerohydrolase (EC 3.1.1.64, all-trans-retinyl-palmitate hydrolase) catalyzes the reaction an all-trans-retinyl ester + H2O = 11-cis-retinol + a fatty...

leads to formation of toxic cationic bis-pyridinium salt, N-retinylidene-N-retinyl-ethanolamine (A2E), which causes dry and wet age-related macular degeneration...

In enzymology, a retinyl-palmitate esterase (EC 3.1.1.21) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction. retinyl palmitate + H2O ⇌ {\displaystyle...

Krzysztof (1 January 2009). "Effects of Long-Term Administration of 9- cis -Retinyl Acetate on Visual Function in Mice". Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual...

photoreceptor cells) and is responsible for the conversion of all-trans-retinyl esters to 11-cis-retinol during phototransduction. 11-cis-retinol is then...

dosages in excess of 10,000 IU, or 3,000 retinol equivalents. (NOTE: Retinol/retinyl esters arerequired and essential for maintenance of normal reproductive...

esterified by lecithin retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) to form a retinyl ester. The retinyl esters of the RPE are chaperoned by a protein known as RPE65....

retinyl-phosphatidyl-ethanolamine (A2PE-H2). A2PE-H2 traps ATR and accumulates in outer segments to further oxidize into N-retinylidene-N-retinyl...

The enzyme all-trans-retinyl ester 13-cis isomerohydrolase (EC 3.1.1.90; systematic name all-trans-retinyl ester acylhydrolase, 13-cis retinol forming...

retinol used for skin disorders. High oral doses of preformed vitamin A (retinyl palmitate), and all-trans-retinoic acid itself, also have teratogenic potential...

pharmaceutical formulations are Antioxidants like vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin C, retinyl palmitate, and selenium The amino acids cysteine and methionine Citric...

production of their skin care line. The main ingredients used include retinyl propionate (vitamin A derivative), glycerin, niacinamide (vitamin B3),...

organizations list thirteen vitamins: Vitamin A (all-trans-retinols, all-trans-retinyl-esters, as well as all-trans-β-carotene and other provitamin A carotenoids)...

could reduce several biomarkers of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Retinyl palmitate Ascorbyl palmitate SN2 Palmitate Juniperic acid (16-hydroxypalmitic...

(2003). "Serum concentrations of lipids, vitamin D metabolites, retinol, retinyl esters, tocopherols and selected carotenoids in twelve captive wild felid...

example, the visual cycle of mammalian rod cells is as follows: all-trans-retinyl ester + H2O → 11-cis-retinol + fatty acid; RPE65 isomerohydrolases; 11-cis-retinol...

epithelium where it catalyzed the formation of 11-cis-retinol from all-trans-retinyl esters. Carotenoids such as beta-carotene, lycopene, lutein and beta-cryptoxanthin...

by the enzyme LRAT that converts an all-trans retinol to an all-trans-retinyl ester. The latter is a storage form of Vitamin A in various tissues, as...

blindness includes massive doses of vitamin A (200,000 IU) in the form of retinyl palmitate to be taken by mouth, which is administered two to four times...

Docosahexaenoic acid Grifolin 17α-Methylprogesterone Parahexyl Promestriene Retinyl acetate Tetrahydrocannabihexol Zuretinol acetate This set index page lists...

2003). "Serum concentrations of lipids, vitamin d metabolites, retinol, retinyl esters, tocopherols and selected carotenoids in twelve captive wild felid...

the first that may be intervened upon with vitamin A supplementation of retinyl esters during the first several months of pregnancy. This strategy exploits...

\rightleftharpoons } CoA + retinyl ester Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acyl-CoA and retinol, whereas its two products are CoA and retinyl ester. This enzyme...

activity hydrolase activity, acting on ester bonds phospholipase A2 activity retinyl-palmitate esterase activity phospholipase activity Cellular component integral...

A as amaranth leaves, carrots, goat liver, vitamin A-fortified rice or retinyl palmitate". The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 81 (2): 461–71...

Especially the first-time description of the storage possibility of vitamin A (retinyl ester) in organs and tissues outside the liver were new findings for the...

radiometric assays, in a process akin to radiocarbon dating. For example, [3H] retinyl acetate was traced through the bodies of rats. The beta particles from...

at the Wayback Machine Photococarcinogenesis Study of Retinoic Acid and Retinyl Palmitate , draft technical report, National Toxicology Program Paddison...

retinoic acid is produced by the body from dietary factors including retinol, retinyl esters or beta-carotene. The beta-carotene is first cleaved by beta-carotene...

as EC 3.5.1.47, N-acetyldiaminopimelate deacetylase EC 3.1.1.63: 11-cis-retinyl-palmitate hydrolase EC 3.1.1.64: retinoid isomerohydrolase EC 3.1.1.65:...

individuals taking a placebo instead of Rejuvant®); b) determine if the retinyl palmitate, vitamin A, and/or calcium given with α-ketoglutarate contributed...

⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } 2-acylglycerophosphocholine + retinyl-ester---[cellular-retinol-binding-protein] Thus, the two substrates of...

all-trans-retinyl palmitate, a stored form of vitamin A, binds and activates retinoid isomerohydrolase. This enzyme converts all-trans-retinyl palmitate...

from photodamage. Other retinoids, such as retinol, retinaldehyde, and retinyl palmitate, are commonly found in over-the-counter cosmeceuticals and have...

cellular-binding proteins involved in transport of retinol and metabolites into retinyl esters for storage or into retinoic acid. CRABPs, cellular retinoic acid–binding...

that catalyzes the esterification of all-trans-retinol into all-trans-retinyl ester during phototransduction, an essential reaction for the retinoid...

the sinusoids. The lipid droplets in the cell body store vitamin A as retinyl palmitate. Hepatic stellate cells store 50–80% of the body's vitamin A...

is the retinyl group, which can be found in several forms. In foods of animal origin, the major form of vitamin A is an ester, primarily retinyl palmitate...

list. The ingredients in most Airborne products include: Vitamin A as retinyl palmitate Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) Vitamin E (as delta-tocopheryl acetate)...

11-cis-retinol (a precursor of 11-cis-retinal) from all-trans-retinyl-esters. However, the all-trans-retinyl-esters are made available light-dependently by RGR-opsins...

differential metabolites of Mesaconitine were obtained, such as phenylalanine, retinyl ester, L-proline, and 5-hydroxyindoleacetaldehyde, which are involved in...

include lecithin:retinol acyltransferase, lecithin-retinol acyltransferase, retinyl ester synthase, LRAT, and lecithin retinol acyl transferase. Higa HH, Varki...

The Retinoid isomerohydrolase RPE65 cleaves and isomerizes all-trans-retinyl fatty acid esters to 11-cis-retinol, part of regeneration of 11-cis-retinal...

Cycle by inhibiting the formation of 11-cis-retinal. Stored all-trans-retinyl palmitate is simultaneously hydrolysed and isomerised to 11-cis-retinol...

glomerulus – Renal tubular acidosis – Retinoblastoma – Retinoid – Retinol – Retinyl palmitate – Retroperitoneal – Retropubic prostatectomy – Retrospective...

absorption and metabolism depends on lipocalins that act as binding proteins. Retinyl esters (present in meats) and beta-carotene (present in plants) are the...

Ganguly, Biochem. J., 93, 499–503. The fate of intracardially administered retinyl esters in the rat: S. Mahadevan, D. S. Deshmukh and J. Ganguly, Biochem...

supplementation in pregnant females who are known to carry an RBP4 mutation with retinyl ester which utilizes an RBP-independent pathway to deliver retinoids from...

Heiss G, Paton CC, Patsch W. Association of postprandial triglyceride and retinyl palmitate responses with asymptomatic carotid artery atherosclerosis in...