In 1914 Poughéon won the Prix de Rome.[1] In 1927, he was awarded the silver medal at the Paris Salon, and two years later the gold medal.[2] In 1935 he started teaching at the École des Beaux-Arts and at the Académie Julian.[3] He was made director of the French Academy in Rome in 1942, and soon after became curator of the Musée Jacquemart-André.
Besides his paintings, murals, frescoes, and decors, Poughéon also illustrated books as well as providing artwork for banknotes.[4]