Royal Naval Dockyard, Halifax

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Royal Naval Dockyard, Halifax
Royal Naval Dockyard, Halifax
Halifax, Nova Scotia
	View of Halifax Naval Yard, c. 1804
Coordinates	44°39′23.63″N 63°34′44.69″W / 44.6565639°N 63.5790806°W
Type	Shipyard, dockyard
Site information
Operator	Royal Navy (1759–1905); Canadian Department of Marine and Fisheries (1907–1911); Royal Canadian Navy (1911–present);
Site history
Built	1759
In use	1759–present
National Historic Site of Canada
Official name	Halifax Dockyard National Historic Site of Canada
Designated	1923
Garrison information
Garrison	North American Station

Royal Naval Dockyard, Halifax was a Royal Navy base in Halifax, Nova Scotia. Established in 1759, the Halifax Yard served as the headquarters for the Royal Navy's North American Station for sixty years, starting with the Seven Years' War. The Royal Navy continued to operate the station until it was closed in 1905. The station was sold to Canada in 1907 becoming His Majesty's Canadian Dockyard, a function it still serves today as part of CFB Halifax.

History

Halifax Harbour had served as a Royal Navy seasonal base from the founding of the city in 1749, using temporary facilities and a careening beach on Georges Island. The British purchased the property which now contains the Fleet Maintenance Facility Cape Scott for the Naval Yard. This property had belonged to John Gorham (Gorham Point), Captain Ephraim Cook, Philip Durell, Joseph Gerrish and William Nesbitt.^[1]^[2] (In the summer of 1751, Gorham built the first registered vessel in Halifax, a brig he named Osborn Galley, at Gorham Point.^[3]) Land and buildings for a permanent Naval Yard were purchased in 1758 and the Yard was officially commissioned in 1759. The Yard served as the main base for the Royal Navy in North America during the Seven Years' War, the American Revolution, the French Revolutionary Wars and the War of 1812.^{[citation needed]}

In 1818 Halifax became the summer base for the squadron which shifted to the Royal Naval Dockyard, Bermuda for the remainder of the year. The Halifax yard did not have a dry dock until 1887 so it was officially called the "Halifax Naval Yard" when first established, although it was popularly known as the Halifax Dockyard. The graving dock, coaling facilities and torpedo boat slip were added between 1881 and 1897. The station closed in 1905 and sold to Canada in 1907, becoming His Majesty's Canadian Dockyard, a function it still serves today as part of CFB Halifax.^{[citation needed]}

The Yard was on the western shores of Halifax Harbour to the north of Citadel Hill and the main Halifax townsite. In addition to refitting and supplying the North American Squadron the Halifax Yard played a vital role in supplying masts and spars for the entire Royal Navy after the loss of the timber resources in the American colonies in the American Revolution. Masts cut all over British North America were collected and stored in Halifax to be shipped to British Dockyards in wartime with heavily escorted mast convoys.^{[citation needed]}

The site was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1923.^[4]

Facilities

The Naval Yard was initially defended by its own large blockhouse, three redoubts and a fortified stone wall. These defences were enhanced and later replaced by the large network of army fortifications whose main purposes was to safeguard the Naval Dockyard including nearby Fort Needham, Fort George, the Halifax Citadel; York Redoubt; Fort Charlotte on Georges Island, Fort Clarence in Dartmouth; five forts on McNabs Island and extensive batteries at Point Pleasant.

Many of the original Royal Navy 18th and 19th century buildings in the Dockyard were destroyed in the 1917 Halifax Explosion; others were demolished in World War II to make way for machine shops, stores buildings and drill halls needed to man and maintain the many escort ships being commissioned during the crash expansion of the Royal Canadian Navy during the Battle of the Atlantic. Only one residence from 1814 and the Admiral's Residence from 1816 survived. The Admiral's residence in now the Maritime Command Museum. The original Naval Yard clock has been restored and moved to the Halifax Ferry Terminal entrance while the original Naval Yard bell is preserved at the Maritime Museum of the Atlantic in Halifax, a museum which also features a large diorama depicting the Naval Yard in 1813 at its height in the Age of Sail.

The building and facilities in the base included:

careening wharf
mast ponds and mast house
boat house
refitting yard
building slip
astronomical observatory
commissioner's residence
graving yard (after 1887)
coal facility
torpedo boat yard
Wardroom
victualling yard (North Dockyard)
Gate Warder's House
Commissioner's House
Hospital – home to Royal Naval College of Canada from 1911 to 1917
Admiralty House – home to the Admiral of the North American Station and now Maritime Command Museum

Ships

The main purpose of the Halifax Yard was to supply, man and refit ships but it also built some warships including:

Ships based at the Royal Navy Yard Halifax included:

Administration of the dockyard and other key officials

The Master Shipwright was originally the key civil official at the royal navy dockyards during the 16th century until the Navy Board introduced resident commissioners of the navy in the 17th century, after which he became deputy to the resident commissioner. In 1832 the post of commissioner was replaced by the post of superintendent, who was retained the same powers and authority as the former commissioners. In September 1971 all flag officers of the Royal Navy holding positions of Admiral Superintendents at Royal Dockyards were restyled as Port Admirals.

Resident Commissioner of the Navy, Halifax Nova Scotia

Incomplete list of post holders included:^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]

1775–1778, Captain Marriott Arbuthnot
1778–1781, Captain Sir Richard Hughes
1781–1783, Captain Andrew Snape Hamond
1783–1799, Captain Henry Duncan
1799–1800, Captain Isaac Coffin
1800–1803, Captain Henry Duncan
1803–1812, Captain John Nicholson Inglefield
1812–1819, Captain Philip Wodehouse^[9]

Master Shipwright, Halifax Dockyard

Incomplete list of post holders included:^[10]^[11]^[12]^[13]^[14]

1756–1762, George Kittoe (originally appointed as acting master shipwright)^[15]
1763–1770, Abraham Constable
1783–1792 Provo Featherstone Wallis, father of Provo Wallis
1813–1818, Thomas Forder Hawkes^[15]
1818–1839, Algernon Frederick Jones^[15]

Note: (post holders were appointed until 1875)

Master Attendant, Halifax Dockyard

Incomplete list of post holders included:^[16]^[17]^[18]

1758, Richard Hamilton
1763, David Hooper^[15]
1780–1787, Samuel Hemmens^[15]
1788–1799, Thomas Read^[15]
1799–1802, John Jackson^[15]
1806, John Parry
1807–1810, Thomas Atkinson^[15]
1815–1827, John Douglas

Storekeeper, Halifax Dockyard

Incomplete list of post holders included:^[19]

1756-1773/, Joseph Gerrish (superannuated)
1773–1780, Richard Williams (resigned March 1780)
1780, Mar–Aug, John Gambier
1780, George Thomas
1790–1799, Titus Livie^[15]
1832–1840, John Robert Glover^[20]^[21]
1841–1852, Alex Elliot^[22]^[23]

Naval Storekeeper, Halifax Dockyard

Title changed in 1853

1853–1854, Alex Elliot^[24]
1855–1858, Edgecumbe Chevallier^[25]
1858–1859, John N. Macgregor

Naval Storekeeper and Agent Victualler, Halifax Dockyard

Additional title and responsibility added in 1859

1859, John N. Macgregor^[26]^[27]

Officers-in-Charge, Royal Naval Hospital Halifax

1795–1803 Duncan Clark
1803–1806 John Jackson
1807–1808 David Ridgway
1811–1812 John Clifford ( – 31 Dec. 1812)^[28]^[29]
1813–1819 David Rowlands
1819–1827 David Ridgway
1828–1837 J.H. McEwan
1841–1855 Alexander Elliott^[30]^[31]^[32]
1855–1859 Edgecombe (Edgecumbe) Chevallier^[33]^[34]^[35]
1860–1866 J.N. MacGregor
1867–1880 Benjamin Stokes
1881–1899 Andrew Vizard (1841-27 Oct 1922)^[36]^[37]
1900–1901 Nathaniel A. Hay
1901–1904 Henry Baker
1904–1905 A.C. Cocks

References

^ Nova Scotia Historical Society (1880). Collections of the Nova Scotia Historical Society. Vol. 13. Halifax : Nova Scotia Historical Society. pp. pp. 103–104.
^ George Bates. John Gorham 1709–1751. Collections of the Nova Scotia Historical Society, p. 87
^ Tolson, Elsie Churchill. The Captain, the Colonel and me. Fort Sackville Press. 1996, p. 41
^ Halifax Dockyard. Canadian Register of Historic Places. Retrieved 9 March 2013.
^ Clowes, Sir William Laird (1897–1903). The royal navy, a history from the earliest times to the present. Vol. III. London, England: S. Low Marston. p. 327.
^ Clowes, Sir William Laird (1897–1903). The royal navy, a history from the earliest times to the present. Vol. IV. London, England: S. Low Marston. p. 152.
^ Clowes, Sir William Laird (1897–1903). The royal navy, a history from the earliest times to the present. Vol. V. London, England: S. Low Marston. p. 5.
^ Gwyn, Julian (2004). Ashore and Afloat: The British Navy and the Halifax Naval Yard Before 1820. Ottawa, Canada: University of Ottawa Press. pp. 67–82. ISBN 9780776605739.
^ Marshall, John (1823). "Wodehouse, Philip" . Royal Naval Biography. Vol. 1, part 2. London: Longman and company. pp. 769–779.
^ Harrison, Simon (2010–2018). "Master Shipwright at Halifax Dockyard". threedecks.org. S. Harrison. Retrieved 17 February 2019.
^ Navy List January 1820 p.121
^ Navy List December 1827 p.122
^ Navy List March 1834 p.137
^ Navy List June 1839 p.136
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Gwyn 2004, pp. 77–80.
^ Harrison, Simon (2010–2018). "Master Attendant at Halifax Dockyard". threedecks.org. S. Harrison. Retrieved 17 February 2019.
^ Navy List January 1820 p.121
^ Navy List December 1827 p.122
^ Harrison, Simon (2010–2018). "Storekeeper at Halifax Dockyard". threedecks.org. S. Harrison. Retrieved 17 February 2019.
^ Navy List March 1834 p.137
^ Navy List June 1839 p.136
^ Navy List August 1843 p.265
^ Navy List December 1847 p.238
^ Navy List February 1854 p.268
^ Navy List January 1858 p.195
^ Navy List December 1859 p.205
^ The Royal Kalendar, and Court and City Register for England, Scotland, Ireland, and the Colonies. London: Longman. 1860. p. 237.
^ Note Clifford was appointed in 1808 (See The Naval Chronicle: Volume 20, July–December 1808: Containing a General and ... edited by James Stanier Clarke, John McArthur, p. 334).
^ The Naval Chronicle, Containing a General and Biographical ..., Volume 27, p. 176
^ Note the plaque in the hospital errors on the dates. The British Imperial Calendar, on General Register of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and Its Colonies (etc.). Arthur Varenham. 1849. p. 186.
^ Admiralty, Great Britain (1856). The Navy. p. 198.
^ Allen, Joseph (1850). The New Navy List and General Record of the Service of Officers... London: Parker, Furnivall and Parker. p. p.262.
^ note the plaque indicates is start date was 1757 rather than 1755.
^ Admiralty, Great Britain (1858). The Navy List. H.M. Stationery Office. p. 195.
^ Evans, John Thomas (1914). The church plate of Cardiganshire, ... Stow-on-the-Wold, Glos.: James H. Alden. p. 69.
^ Note Vizard had been a long term Store Keeper and Accountant (An Almanack for the Year of Our Lord ... J. Whitaker. 1848. p. 238.)
^ The Royal Navy List. Whitherby & Company. 1883. p. 231.

Sources

Brent Raymond, "Tracing the Built Form of HMC Dockyard", Nova Scotia Museum, 1999. Curatorial Report No. 88
Clowes, Sir William Laird (1897–1903). The royal navy, a history from the earliest times to the present Volume III. London, England: S. Low Marston.
Clowes, Sir William Laird (1897–1903). The royal navy, a history from the earliest times to the present Volume IV. London, England: S. Low Marston.
Clowes, Sir William Laird (1897–1903). The royal navy, a history from the earliest times to the present Volume V. London, England: S. Low Marston.
George Bates. John Gorham 1709–1751. Collections of the Nova Scotia Historical Society.
Gwyn, Julian, (2004). Frigates and Foremasts: The North American Squadron in Nova Scotia Waters, 1745–1815 Vancouver, BC: UBC Press ISBN 978-0-7748-0911-5. OCLC 144078613.
Harrison, Simon (2010–2018). "Master Attendant at Halifax Dockyard". threedecks.org. S. Harrison.
Harrison, Simon (2010–2018). "Master Shipwright at Halifax Dockyard". threedecks.org. S. Harrison.
Harrison, Simon (2010–2018). "Storekeeper at Halifax Dockyard". threedecks.org. S. Harrison.
Marilyn Gurney, The Kings Yard, Maritime Command Museum, Halifax.
Research guide B5: Royal Naval Dockyards
CFB Halifax Officers Mess Archived 2 February 2006 at the Wayback Machine.

[1] Nova Scotia Historical Society (1880). Collections of the Nova Scotia Historical Society. Vol. 13. Halifax : Nova Scotia Historical Society. pp. pp. 103–104.

[2] George Bates. John Gorham 1709–1751. Collections of the Nova Scotia Historical Society, p. 87

[3] Tolson, Elsie Churchill. The Captain, the Colonel and me. Fort Sackville Press. 1996, p. 41

[4] Halifax Dockyard. Canadian Register of Historic Places. Retrieved 9 March 2013.

[5] Clowes, Sir William Laird (1897–1903). The royal navy, a history from the earliest times to the present. Vol. III. London, England: S. Low Marston. p. 327.

[6] Clowes, Sir William Laird (1897–1903). The royal navy, a history from the earliest times to the present. Vol. IV. London, England: S. Low Marston. p. 152.

[7] Clowes, Sir William Laird (1897–1903). The royal navy, a history from the earliest times to the present. Vol. V. London, England: S. Low Marston. p. 5.

[8] Gwyn, Julian (2004). Ashore and Afloat: The British Navy and the Halifax Naval Yard Before 1820. Ottawa, Canada: University of Ottawa Press. pp. 67–82. ISBN 9780776605739.

[9] Marshall, John (1823). "Wodehouse, Philip" . Royal Naval Biography. Vol. 1, part 2. London: Longman and company. pp. 769–779.

[10] Harrison, Simon (2010–2018). "Master Shipwright at Halifax Dockyard". threedecks.org. S. Harrison. Retrieved 17 February 2019.

[11] Navy List January 1820 p.121

[12] Navy List December 1827 p.122

[13] Navy List March 1834 p.137

[14] Navy List June 1839 p.136

[FOOTNOTEGwyn200477–80-15] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Gwyn 2004, pp. 77–80.

[16] Harrison, Simon (2010–2018). "Master Attendant at Halifax Dockyard". threedecks.org. S. Harrison. Retrieved 17 February 2019.

[17] Navy List January 1820 p.121

[18] Navy List December 1827 p.122

[19] Harrison, Simon (2010–2018). "Storekeeper at Halifax Dockyard". threedecks.org. S. Harrison. Retrieved 17 February 2019.

[20] Navy List March 1834 p.137

[21] Navy List June 1839 p.136

[22] Navy List August 1843 p.265

[23] Navy List December 1847 p.238

[24] Navy List February 1854 p.268

[25] Navy List January 1858 p.195

[26] Navy List December 1859 p.205

[27] The Royal Kalendar, and Court and City Register for England, Scotland, Ireland, and the Colonies. London: Longman. 1860. p. 237.

[28] Note Clifford was appointed in 1808 (See The Naval Chronicle: Volume 20, July–December 1808: Containing a General and ... edited by James Stanier Clarke, John McArthur, p. 334).

[29] The Naval Chronicle, Containing a General and Biographical ..., Volume 27, p. 176

[30] Note the plaque in the hospital errors on the dates. The British Imperial Calendar, on General Register of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and Its Colonies (etc.). Arthur Varenham. 1849. p. 186.

[31] Admiralty, Great Britain (1856). The Navy. p. 198.

[32] Allen, Joseph (1850). The New Navy List and General Record of the Service of Officers... London: Parker, Furnivall and Parker. p. p.262.

[33] te the plaque indicates is start date was 1757 rather than 1755.

[34] Admiralty, Great Britain (1858). The Navy List. H.M. Stationery Office. p. 195.

[35] Evans, John Thomas (1914). The church plate of Cardiganshire, ... Stow-on-the-Wold, Glos.: James H. Alden. p. 69.

[36] Note Vizard had been a long term Store Keeper and Accountant (An Almanack for the Year of Our Lord ... J. Whitaker. 1848. p. 238.)

[37] The Royal Navy List. Whitherby & Company. 1883. p. 231.

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Royal Naval Dockyard, Halifax

History

Facilities

Ships

Administration of the dockyard and other key officials

Resident Commissioner of the Navy, Halifax Nova Scotia

Master Shipwright, Halifax Dockyard

Master Attendant, Halifax Dockyard

Storekeeper, Halifax Dockyard

Naval Storekeeper, Halifax Dockyard

Naval Storekeeper and Agent Victualler, Halifax Dockyard

Officers-in-Charge, Royal Naval Hospital Halifax

See also

References

Sources

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