SPMIP4

SPMIP4
Identifiers
AliasesSPMIP4, chromosome 7 open reading frame 31, C7orf31, Sperm Microtubule Inner Protein 4
External IDsOMIM: 616071; MGI: 1918071; GeneCards: SPMIP4
Orthologs
DatabasesNCBI: entry; OMA: entry
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

136895

70821

Ensembl

ENSG00000153790

ENSMUSG00000029828

UniProt

Q8N865

Q9D5Y0

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_138811
NM_001371351
NM_001371352

NM_027564

RefSeq (protein)

NP_620166
NP_001358280
NP_001358281

NP_081840

Location (UCSC)Chr 7: 25.13 – 25.18 MbChr 6: 50.55 – 50.57 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Sperm-associated microtubule inner protein 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the gene SPMIP4 (previously C7orf31).[5] The SPMIP4 protein is predicted to be part of the core (axoneme) of the sperm flagellum.[6]

Gene/Locus

In humans, the SPMIP4 gene is located at the locus 7p15.3 [7] and stretches between position 25174316 and 25219817 (span 45502 bp).[8] It codes for at least 4 unique human isoforms: the primary isoform (590 aa; also denoted X1, X2, and CRA_c),[9][10][11] isoform X4 (346 aa),[12] isoform CRA_a (580 aa),[13] and isoform CRA_b (380 aa).[14]

Transcript

In humans, SPMIP4 codes for an mRNA strand that is 3609 base pairs long. The human mRNA is composed of a 5' untranslated region that is 561 bases and a 3' untranslated region that is 1275 bases long.[15]

Protein

The primary protein encoded by SPMIP4 in humans is 590 amino acids long with molecular weight 38334 Da.[7] The protein is part of a functionally uncharacterized family of proteins (pfam15093) with a domain of unknown function (DUF4555).[16]

Protein Orthology

The SPMIP4 protein is well-conserved in mammals and birds, but is less conserved in more distant organisms.[17]

SPMIP4 does not have any paralogs in humans.

Expression

In humans, SPMIP4 is predicted to be localized in the cytosol, nucleus, mitochondrion, and peroxisome, and it is expressed in almost all tissues.[18] It is highly expressed especially in the testes.[19]

Interaction

Two-hybrid studies have found interactions between the proteins encoded by A8K5H9 and SPMIP4,[20] and another study has found the protein to interact with KBTBD5.[21]

A study in 2014 found SPMIP4 to be a candidate as a centrosome-associated protein, using mass spectrometry on mammalian sperm cells’ centrioles. The protein appears in the study alongside seven other centrosome-associated protein candidates.[22] Along with 2241 other proteins, SPMIP4 also exhibited significant binding in a microarray experiment to β-amyloids, a group of proteins associated with Alzheimer's disease.[23] Finally, in a protein-protein interaction network study,[24] SPMIP4 was found to associate with KLHL40, whose exact function is also not known.[25]

References

  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000153790 – Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000029828 – Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ^ "SPMIP4 - sperm microtubule inner protein 4". ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2026-08-02.
  6. ^ "Q8N865 · SMIP4_HUMAN". uniprot.org. UniProt consortium. Retrieved 2026-08-02.
  7. ^ a b "NCBI Protein".
  8. ^ "UCSC Blat Results".
  9. ^ "NCBI Protein (National Center for Biotechnology Information)".
  10. ^ "NCBI Protein (National Center for Biotechnology Information)".
  11. ^ "NCBI Protein (National Center for Biotechnology Information)".
  12. ^ "NCBI Protein (National Center for Biotechnology Information)".
  13. ^ "NCBI Protein (National Center for Biotechnology Information)".
  14. ^ "NCBI Protein (National Center for Biotechnology Information)".
  15. ^ "NCBI Nucleotide (National Center for Biotechnology Information)". 11 November 2018.
  16. ^ "NCBI Conserved Domains (National Center for Biotechnology Information)".
  17. ^ "NCBI Blast (National Center for Biotechnology Information)".
  18. ^ "Genecards C7orf31".
  19. ^ "NCBI GEO (National Center for Biotechnology Information".
  20. ^ "21 binary interactions found for search term C7orf31". IntAct Molecular Interaction Database. EMBL-EBI. Retrieved 2018-08-25.
  21. ^ "STRING Database".
  22. ^ Firat-Karalar EN, Sante J, Elliott S, Stearns T (October 2014). "Proteomic analysis of mammalian sperm cells identifies new components of the centrosome". Journal of Cell Science. 127 (Pt 19): 4128–33. doi:10.1242/jcs.157008. PMC 4179487. PMID 25074808.
  23. ^ Oláh J, Vincze O, Virók D, Simon D, Bozsó Z, Tõkési N, Horváth I, Hlavanda E, Kovács J, Magyar A, Szũcs M, Orosz F, Penke B, Ovádi J (September 2011). "Interactions of pathological hallmark proteins: tubulin polymerization promoting protein/p25, beta-amyloid, and alpha-synuclein". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 286 (39): 34088–100. doi:10.1074/jbc.m111.243907. PMC 3190826. PMID 21832049.
  24. ^ Rolland T, Taşan M, Charloteaux B, Pevzner SJ, Zhong Q, Sahni N, et al. (November 2014). "A proteome-scale map of the human interactome network". Cell. 159 (5): 1212–1226. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2014.10.050. PMC 4266588. PMID 25416956.
  25. ^ "NCBI Gene".
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