Fowler was the son of Colonel Samuel Fowler (1818–1863), an officer with the 15th New Jersey Volunteer Infantry Regiment during the American Civil War, and grandson of Samuel Fowler (1779–1844), who served in the House of Representatives from 1833 to 1837.
His mother, Henrietta Laura Brodhead Fowler (1827-1869), had a first cousin, Marcia Ross Brodhead, who married Congressman Daniel Myers Van Auken, and another first cousin, Kate Brodhead, who married Congressman and Senator Charles Van Wyck. She was also related to Congressmen John Curtis Brodhead and John Brodhead.
Fowler was elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-first and Fifty-second Congresses, and served in office from March 4, 1889, to March 3, 1893, and was chairman of the Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries (Fifty-second Congress). He was not a candidate for reelection to the Fifty-third Congress.[1]