Senate of Iraq

The Senate of Iraq (Majlis al-A`yan) was the unelected upper house of the bicameral parliament established by the Mandatory Iraq's 1925 constitution. There were around twenty Senators, appointed for eight years by the King of Iraq.^[1] The Senate remained in existence until the 1958 revolution.

Presidents of the Senate

Name	Took office	Left office	Notes
Yusuf al-Suwaydi	July 1925	2 November 1929	^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]
Mohammad Al-Sadr	2 November 1929	February 1937	^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]
Muhammed Ridha al-Shabibi	27 February 1937	August 1937	^[10]^[8]^[11]
Mohammad Al-Sadr	December 1937	December 1943	^[9]^[12]
Jamil Al-Madfai	December 1943	December 1944	^[13]^[14]
Salih Bashayan	?	?
Nuri Al-Said	July 1945	21 November 1946	^[15]
Mohammad Al-Sadr	June 1948	1948	^[9]
Nuri Al-Said	1948	6 January 1949	^[13]
Jamil Al-Madfai	? - 1952	January 1953	^[13]^[14]^[16]
Jamil Al-Madfai	September 1953	1957 - ?	^[13]^[17]
Abdul Hadi Chalabi	? - 1958	14 July 1958	^[18]

Members

Members of the Iraqi Senate included:

Menahem Saleh Daniel. Appointed 1925, representing Iraqi Jews. Remained member until 1932, when he was succeeded by his son.^[19]^[20]
Jamil Sidqi al-Zahawi. Appointed 1925, remained member until 1929.^[21]
Mawlud Mukhlis. Appointed 1925. Appointed vice-president of the Senate in 1936, though resigned in 1937 when he was elected Baghdad deputy to Parliament. He later returned to the Senate.^[22]
Muhammad al-Sadr. Appointed 1925, remaining until his death in 1956. President of the Senate from 1929 until 1944, with the exception of 1937.^[23]
Yousef VI Emmanuel II Thomas. Appointed 1925, representing the Chaldean Catholic Church.^[24] Remained member until his death in 1947, when he was succeeded by Yousef VII Ghanima.
Rustum Haydar, appointed 1931.^[25]
Ezra Menachem Daniel (1874-1952). Appointed member 1932, replacing his father; remained on the Senate until his death in 1952.^[20]
Abdul Hadi Chalabi, appointed 1947.
Ali Jawdat al-Aiyubi, appointed 1948–9.^[26]
Tawfiq Wahbi.^[27]
Nureddin Mahmud, member from January 1953 to 1958.^[28]
Sheikh Ahmad A.Yaseen AlAmer, appointed Mayor of Basra and Al Zubair province and Member of Parliament from 1945 - 1950|^[29]

References

^ Orit Bashkin (2008). The Other Iraq: Pluralism and Culture in Hashemite Iraq. Stanford University Press. p. 285. ISBN 978-0-8047-7415-4.
^ "Report by His Britannic Majesty's Government to the Council of the League of Nations on the Administration of Iraq 1925". HathiTrust.
^ "Report by His Britannic Majesty's Government to the Council of the League of Nations on the Administration of Iraq 1927-28". HathiTrust.
^ Lukitz, Liora (July 5, 2005). Iraq: The Search for National Identity. Routledge. ISBN 9781135778217 – via Google Books.
^ "Report by His Britannic Majesty's Government to the Council of the League of Nations on the Administration of Iraq 1927-28". HathiTrust.
^ "Report by His Britannic Majesty's Government to the Council of the League of Nations on the Administration of Iraq 1929". HathiTrust.
^ "Report by His Britannic Majesty's Government to the Council of the League of Nations on the Administration of Iraq 1931". HathiTrust.
^ ^a ^b British Documents on Foreign Affairs--reports and Papers from the Foreign Office Confidential Print: Eastern Affairs, April 1945-December 1945. University Publications of America. January 5, 1997. ISBN 9781556556715 – via Google Books.
^ ^a ^b ^c Ghareeb, Edmund A.; Dougherty, Beth (March 18, 2004). Historical Dictionary of Iraq. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 9780810865686 – via Google Books.
^ "'File 11/44 Leading Personalities in Iraq, Iran & Saudi Arabia' [30r] (59/96)". Qatar Digital Library. September 10, 2018.
^ "مجموعة ١٧/ ١٧ "تقارير سنوية لوزارة الخارجية، ١٩٣٢-١٩٣٨، ١٩٤٧. استعراض سنوي للأحداث ١٩٣٩-١٩٤٢. استعراض سياسي ١٩٤٣-١٩٤٤" [و٦٤] (٤٨٣/١٢٧)". مكتبة قطر الرقمية. September 19, 2017.
^ "'File 11/44 Leading Personalities in Iraq, Iran & Saudi Arabia' [30v] (60/96)". Qatar Digital Library. September 10, 2018.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Al-Marayati, Abid A. (January 5, 1961). "A diplomatic history of modern Iraq". New York. hdl:2027/mdp.39015001694838.
^ ^a ^b "The Petroleum Times". Petroleum Times. January 5, 1952 – via Google Books.
^ "'File 11/44 Leading Personalities in Iraq, Iran & Saudi Arabia' [32v] (64/96)". Qatar Digital Library. September 10, 2018.
^ "The Middle East and North Africa". 1953.
^ "The Middle East and North Africa". 1957.
^ Blattner, Elwyn James; Blattner, James Elwyn (January 5, 1958). "Who's who in U.A.R and the Near East". Paul Barbey Press – via Google Books.
^ "Daniel, Menahem Salih | Encyclopedia.com". www.encyclopedia.com.
^ ^a ^b T. Morad; D. Shasha (2008). Iraq's Last Jews: Stories of Daily Life, Upheaval, and Escape from Modern Babylon. Palgrave Macmillan US. p. 186. ISBN 978-0-230-61623-3.
^ Who's Who in Iraq, 1936, p. 587
^ Dougherty, Beth K.; Ghareeb, Edmund A., eds. (2013). Historical Dictionary of Iraq. Scarecrow Press. p. 433. ISBN 978-0-8108-7942-3.
^ Dougherty, Beth K.; Ghareeb, Edmund A., eds. (2013). Historical Dictionary of Iraq. Scarecrow Press. p. 521. ISBN 978-0-8108-7942-3.
^ Kristian Girling (2017). The Chaldean Catholic Church: Modern History, Ecclesiology and Church-State Relations. Taylor & Francis. p. 121. ISBN 978-1-351-70674-2.
^ Dougherty, Beth K.; Ghareeb, Edmund A., eds. (2013). Historical Dictionary of Iraq. Scarecrow Press. p. 257. ISBN 978-0-8108-7942-3.
^ Dougherty, Beth K.; Ghareeb, Edmund A., eds. (2013). Historical Dictionary of Iraq. Scarecrow Press. p. 100. ISBN 978-0-8108-7942-3.
^ Dougherty, Beth K.; Ghareeb, Edmund A., eds. (2013). Historical Dictionary of Iraq. Scarecrow Press. p. 653. ISBN 978-0-8108-7942-3.
^ Dougherty, Beth K.; Ghareeb, Edmund A., eds. (2013). Historical Dictionary of Iraq. Scarecrow Press. p. 406. ISBN 978-0-8108-7942-3.
^ Mohammed (1990), p. 178

This legislature-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[Bashkin2008-1] Orit Bashkin (2008). The Other Iraq: Pluralism and Culture in Hashemite Iraq. Stanford University Press. p. 285. ISBN 978-0-8047-7415-4.

[2] "Report by His Britannic Majesty's Government to the Council of the League of Nations on the Administration of Iraq 1925". HathiTrust.

[3] "Report by His Britannic Majesty's Government to the Council of the League of Nations on the Administration of Iraq 1927-28". HathiTrust.

[4] Lukitz, Liora (July 5, 2005). Iraq: The Search for National Identity. Routledge. ISBN 9781135778217 – via Google Books.

[5] "Report by His Britannic Majesty's Government to the Council of the League of Nations on the Administration of Iraq 1927-28". HathiTrust.

[6] "Report by His Britannic Majesty's Government to the Council of the League of Nations on the Administration of Iraq 1929". HathiTrust.

[7] "Report by His Britannic Majesty's Government to the Council of the League of Nations on the Administration of Iraq 1931". HathiTrust.

[auto2-8] British Documents on Foreign Affairs--reports and Papers from the Foreign Office Confidential Print: Eastern Affairs, April 1945-December 1945. University Publications of America. January 5, 1997. ISBN 9781556556715 – via Google Books.

[auto3-9] Ghareeb, Edmund A.; Dougherty, Beth (March 18, 2004). Historical Dictionary of Iraq. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 9780810865686 – via Google Books.

[10] "'File 11/44 Leading Personalities in Iraq, Iran & Saudi Arabia' [30r] (59/96)". Qatar Digital Library. September 10, 2018.

[11] "مجموعة ١٧/ ١٧ "تقارير سنوية لوزارة الخارجية، ١٩٣٢-١٩٣٨، ١٩٤٧. استعراض سنوي للأحداث ١٩٣٩-١٩٤٢. استعراض سياسي ١٩٤٣-١٩٤٤" [و٦٤] (٤٨٣/١٢٧)". مكتبة قطر الرقمية. September 19, 2017.

[12] "'File 11/44 Leading Personalities in Iraq, Iran & Saudi Arabia' [30v] (60/96)". Qatar Digital Library. September 10, 2018.

[auto-13] Al-Marayati, Abid A. (January 5, 1961). "A diplomatic history of modern Iraq". New York. hdl:2027/mdp.39015001694838.

[auto1-14] "The Petroleum Times". Petroleum Times. January 5, 1952 – via Google Books.

[15] "'File 11/44 Leading Personalities in Iraq, Iran & Saudi Arabia' [32v] (64/96)". Qatar Digital Library. September 10, 2018.

[16] "The Middle East and North Africa". 1953.

[17] "The Middle East and North Africa". 1957.

[18] Blattner, Elwyn James; Blattner, James Elwyn (January 5, 1958). "Who's who in U.A.R and the Near East". Paul Barbey Press – via Google Books.

[19] "Daniel, Menahem Salih | Encyclopedia.com". www.encyclopedia.com.

[MoradShasha2008-20] T. Morad; D. Shasha (2008). Iraq's Last Jews: Stories of Daily Life, Upheaval, and Escape from Modern Babylon. Palgrave Macmillan US. p. 186. ISBN 978-0-230-61623-3.

[21] Who's Who in Iraq, 1936, p. 587

[DoughertyGhareeb2013-433-22] Dougherty, Beth K.; Ghareeb, Edmund A., eds. (2013). Historical Dictionary of Iraq. Scarecrow Press. p. 433. ISBN 978-0-8108-7942-3.

[DoughertyGhareeb2013-521-23] Dougherty, Beth K.; Ghareeb, Edmund A., eds. (2013). Historical Dictionary of Iraq. Scarecrow Press. p. 521. ISBN 978-0-8108-7942-3.

[Girling2017-24] Kristian Girling (2017). The Chaldean Catholic Church: Modern History, Ecclesiology and Church-State Relations. Taylor & Francis. p. 121. ISBN 978-1-351-70674-2.

[DoughertyGhareeb2013-257-25] Dougherty, Beth K.; Ghareeb, Edmund A., eds. (2013). Historical Dictionary of Iraq. Scarecrow Press. p. 257. ISBN 978-0-8108-7942-3.

[DoughertyGhareeb2013-100-26] Dougherty, Beth K.; Ghareeb, Edmund A., eds. (2013). Historical Dictionary of Iraq. Scarecrow Press. p. 100. ISBN 978-0-8108-7942-3.

[DoughertyGhareeb2013-653-27] Dougherty, Beth K.; Ghareeb, Edmund A., eds. (2013). Historical Dictionary of Iraq. Scarecrow Press. p. 653. ISBN 978-0-8108-7942-3.

[DoughertyGhareeb2013-406-28] Dougherty, Beth K.; Ghareeb, Edmund A., eds. (2013). Historical Dictionary of Iraq. Scarecrow Press. p. 406. ISBN 978-0-8108-7942-3.

[29] Mohammed (1990), p. 178

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Senate of Iraq

Presidents of the Senate

Members

See also

References

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