Share to: share facebook share twitter share wa share telegram print page

Sisseton Wahpeton Oyate

Sisseton-Wahpeton Oyate
of the Lake Traverse Reservation
2006–2007 Sisseton Wahpeton Oyate Vietnam Veterans princess at the University of Minnesota, Morris powwow, photo by Nic McPhee
Total population
12,300[1]
Regions with significant populations
 United States ( South Dakota)
Languages
English, Dakota
Religion
traditional tribal religion, Christianity, Sun Dance, Native American Church
Related ethnic groups
other Dakota, Lakota, Nakota

The Sisseton Wahpeton Oyate of the Lake Traverse Reservation (Dakota: Sisíthuŋwaŋ Waȟpéthuŋwaŋ oyáte[1]), formerly Sisseton-Wahpeton Sioux Tribe/Dakota Nation, is a federally recognized tribe comprising two bands and two subdivisions of the Isanti or Santee Dakota people. They are on the Lake Traverse Reservation in northeast South Dakota.

Lake Traverse Reservation

The Lake Traverse Reservation and its boundaries were established by the Lake Traverse Treaty of 1867. From 1884 until the 1913, the tribal government was based upon the concept of the Soldier's Lodge. Due to external pressures from federal Indian agents and religious missionaries, as well as internal turmoil, in 1913 the tribe created an advisory committee. It served as the basis of government until 1946.

In 1934 the federal government urged the tribe to adopt the provisions of the Wheeler-Howard Act, also known as the Indian Reorganization Act. By 1946 the tribe had reorganized, establishing the current system of bylaws and elected tribal government at Agency Village. It gained self-government again as the federally recognized Sisseton Wahpeton Sioux Tribe. The authority was based in the Lake Traverse Treaty of 1867.

From 1946 to 2002, the federally recognized tribe was known as the Sisseton Wahpeton Sioux Tribe. For a brief period in 1994, they identified as the Sisseton-Wahpeton Dakota Nation. During their 2002 tribal general elections, they approved a measure changing the name to Sisseton Wahpeton Oyate, the latter word in the Dakota language meaning "people or nation".

Enrollment and districts

The current enrollment of the tribe is approximately 12,000 members spread among seven districts located across the reservation. There were 9,894 living on the reservation circa 2004. The tribe's districts are:

  1. Agency Village, or A-te-ya-pi-o-ti-tan-ni
  2. Lake Traverse, or Bde-hda-kin-yan
  3. Buffalo Lake, or Can-o-wa-na-sa-pi
  4. Veblen, or He-i-pa
  5. Big Coulee, or I-ya-ka-pta-pi
  6. Long Hollow, or Ka-ksi-za-han-ska
  7. Enemy Swim, or To-ka-ni-we-ya-pi[2]

Treaty of 1851 Traverse de Sioux

Chief Mazasa (Red Iron), c. 1860.

On July 23, 1851 the Treaty of Traverse des Sioux was formed between the United States government, and the (Dakota) Sioux of the Minnesota Territory. The territorial governor, Alexander Ramsey, and Commissioner of Indian Affairs, Luke Lea, instigated the treaty to gain concessions of the rich agricultural lands in Minnesota for European-American settlers. The Sioux ceded large tracts of land, from Iowa north to the Canada–US border. Some bands, such as the Sisseton and Wahpeton, were hesitant to give up so much, yet reluctantly did so; the federal government had shown during the 1832 Black Hawk War a willingness to fight when the Indian parties were hesitant to negotiate.

Included in the treaty stipulations was a monetary amount of $1,665,000 in cash and annuities, with reservations to be established at the Upper Agency near Granite Falls, Minnesota and another at the Lower Agency near Redwood Falls, Minnesota, stretching from 20 miles in width to about 70 miles in length. The Upper Sioux had territory that contained some of their old villages and was more familiar in term of hunting and fishing. The Lower Agency location required the displacement of many Sioux from their traditional woodland areas and did not satisfy them. At the last minute, the government attached a "traders-paper" rider, which allocated $400,000 of the annuities to traders who had claims against the Indians and biracial Indians who would not otherwise share in the benefits, but suffered discrimination in much European-American society.

By 1858 Dakota leaders went to Washington D.C. to sign two more treaties, ceding the reservation north of the Minnesota River (whose boundaries had never been approved by the US Congress). The influx of white settlers, the desire for more land by the federal government, along with its failure to pay the total of the promised annuities, the pressure to conform to Christianized ways, loss of hunting and fishing land, and the overall discontent of the Dakota bands would be the catalysts leading to the plains Indian Wars, which spanned the next 30 years.

Dakota War of 1862

In August 1862 the unrest among eastern Santee bands came to a climax with open combat against settlers in what would be called Dakota War of 1862, the Dakota Conflict or Sioux Uprising. On August 4, 1862 the Sisseton and Wahpeton bands were able to obtain food and supplies from the Indian agency, but on August 17 the Mdewakanton and Wahpekute bands were denied. The US Indian Agent and Minnesota State Senator Thomas J. Galbraith refused to distribute supplies without having received payment from the Sioux. At a summit to resolve the matter, Dakota leaders asked trader Andrew Myrick to back their cause. His answer to them was reportedly insulting.

His statement outraged the Dakota people. The day before, August 16, annuity monies arrived at St. Paul, Minnesota for distribution and were sent to Fort Ridgely on the 17th, but by then it was too late. Historians note actions by four Dakota aki-ci-ta (warriors) at a settlement at Acton, Meeker County, as the beginning of the conflict. A young aki-ci-ta reportedly stole eggs from a settler, leading to a confrontation in which five white men were killed. Soon violent conflicts erupted elsewhere around the region.

Initially the Dakota had victories at the Battle of Redwood Ferry, their assault on New Ulm, and the Battle of Birch Coulee, as well as minor losses at the Battle of Fort Ridgely, where the European-Americans incurred high losses but won a victory.

Sisseton-Wahpeton bands did not participate in the killing of settler families that defined the early conflicts. A majority of the 4,000 members of the two northern tribes opposed the fighting. A large number of Sisseton and Wahpeton had adopted both subsistence farming and Christianity, and had both moral objections and strong reasons of self-interest for keeping peace with the whites.[3]

Dakota aki-ci-ta laid siege to Fort Abercrombie for six weeks and disrupted supply lines and shipping from the north and Canada, as well as couriers heading to St. Cloud and Fort Snelling. Large-scale combat ended on September 26, 1862 when six companies of Minnesota militia and an artillery unit attacked Dakota positions at the Battle of Wood Lake. Three days later, Dakota forces surrendered at Camp Release, where 269 POWs were released to the troops there led by Col. Henry Sibley. Small-scale skirmishes continued in the following weeks. Historians estimate total casualties at 800 to more than 1,000 civilians and military, but the exact numbers have never been determined.

In the wake of the war, the Dakota were severely punished: a US military court convicted 303 men of war crimes and sentenced them to death. Of the 303, the Army hanged 38 men the day after Christmas in Mankato, Minnesota, in the largest mass execution in United States history. Efforts were undertaken to revoke the treaties, abolish the reservation, and expel remaining Dakota people from Minnesota entirely. Bounties of $25 were put on any Dakota found within the boundaries, with the exception of 208 families of Mdewakanton, who were considered "friendly". Soon after, additional conflicts in what were known as the Indian Wars broke out to the south and west, ending finally with the Wounded Knee Massacre in 1890 and the defeat of the Sioux.

In 1866, the War Department, which then supervised the Indian agents and reservations, appointed Gabriel Renville 1824–1892, chief scout for General Sibley, as head chief of the Sisseton-Wahpeton bands. In 1867 he was appointed Chief for life by members of the Sissetowan band.[4]

Education

In 1904 the federal government authorized an inter-tribal boarding school, the Wahpeton Indian School, to be located off-reservation in Wahpeton, North Dakota. Opened in 1908, it was run by the Bureau of Indian Affairs and was the last government-established boarding school to open, as well as one of the last to operate.

In 1993, nearly two decades since tribes had been taking back control of their children's education, this school was chartered under the Sisseton Wahpeton Oyate, whose Lake Traverse Reservation extends into North Dakota.

Since the 1970s, many tribes have educated their children on their reservations, but this school serves continuing needs among students for boarding placement. Renamed the Circle of Nations Wahpeton School, it is funded by the Bureau of Indian Education (BIE), after receiving tribally controlled grant status under Public Law 100-97 (Indian Education Act of 1988).[5] It serves students in grades 4-8.[6]

In 1979 the tribe established a tribal college, Sisseton Wahpeton College, on its Lake Traverse Reservation. The land-grant community college now serves about 250 students, of whom more than 80% are Dakota. Initiated as a technical and vocational institution, the college now also offers associate degrees in academic studies. Through arrangements with four-year colleges, students can transfer to complete bachelor's degrees.[7] The college established Dakota Studies in 1992 and a Dakota language program in 2005.

Notable members of the tribe

Woodrow Keeble (1917–1984), Medal of Honor recipient

Notes

1.^ The source of the Dakota language names and orthography is the article titled Dakota people

References

  1. ^ "Sisseton Wahpeton Oyate." (retrieved 19 Nov 2011)
  2. ^ "SISSETON-WAHPETON SIOUX TRIBE community profile". mnisose.org. Archived from the original on 2007-08-30. Retrieved 2017-02-25.
  3. ^ Linder, Douglas. "The Dakota Conflict (Sioux Uprsing) Trials of 1862". law2.umkc.edu. Retrieved 2016-12-26.
  4. ^ "Culture", EarthSky Web
  5. ^ "Overview" (PDF). Circle of Nations School. n.d. Retrieved 24 June 2021.
  6. ^ "Circle of Nations Wahpeton Indian School". Wahpeton Daily News. 2021. Retrieved 24 June 2021.
  7. ^ American Indian Higher Education Consortium Archived 2012-06-14 at the Wayback Machine

Further reading

  • Schneider, Mary Jane (1994). North Dakota Indians: An Introduction. Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall Hunt Pub Co.
  • Diedrich, Mark (1988). The Odyssey of Chief Standing Buffalo and the Northern Sisseton Sioux. Minneapolis, Minnesota: Coyote Books.(self-published)

External links

Read more information:

Nanjing Metro station This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources.Find sources: Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology station – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (August 2016) NUIST信息工程大学General informationLocationPukou District, Nanjing, JiangsuChinaOperated byNanjing M…

1985 novel by Douglas Adams Front cover of the original UK edition of The Original Hitchhiker Radio Scripts, 1985. Front cover of the US trade paperback edition with the alternate title of The Original Hitchhiker Radio Scripts, 1985. Front cover of the 25th anniversary UK trade paperback edition of The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy: The Original Radio Scripts, 2003. The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy: The Original Radio Scripts is a book, published in 1985, containing the scripts for the or…

Island in French Polynesia Commune in French Polynesia, FranceTaha’aCommuneLocation of the commune (in red) within the Leeward IslandsLocation of Taha’a Coordinates: 16°37′00″S 151°30′00″W / 16.6167°S 151.5°W / -16.6167; -151.5CountryFranceOverseas collectivityFrench PolynesiaSubdivisionLeeward IslandsGovernment • Mayor (2020–2026) Patricia Amaru[1]Area190.2 km2 (34.8 sq mi)Population (2017)5,234 • …

McDonnell XP-67 Bat atau Moonbat adalah prototipe dari pesawat pencegat jarak jauh berkursi tunggal, dan bermesin ganda untuk kebutuhan Pasukan Udara Angkatan Darat Amerika Serikat. Meskipun secara konsep desain pesawat ini tergolong canggih, akan tetapi pesawat ini sering kali dilanda berbagai masalah yang kinerjanya tidak dapat diantisipasi. Proyeknya sendiri dibatalkan akibat dari hancurnya keseluruhan prototipe asli dari pesawat ini yang penyebabny diakibatkan dari kebakaran mesin. Referensi…

Yakovlev Yak-54 adalah sebuah pesawat olahraga aerobatic dan kompetisi 1990 Rusia yang dirancang oleh Yakovlev Aircraft Corporation. Bagian dari generasi baru pesawat akrobatik dari biro desain Yakovlev yang memiliki garis panjang desain pesawat dimulai pada tahun 1937 dengan UT-2/AIR-10. Ini merupakan pengembangan dari kursi tunggal Yak-55m, yang dirancang oleh Kepala Pembuat Dmitry Drach dan Insinyur Vladimir Popov pertama kali terbang 23 Desember 1993. Pesawat ini diproduksi oleh Fasilitas Sa…

Artikel ini memiliki beberapa masalah. Tolong bantu memperbaikinya atau diskusikan masalah-masalah ini di halaman pembicaraannya. (Pelajari bagaimana dan kapan saat yang tepat untuk menghapus templat pesan ini) Artikel ini perlu diwikifikasi agar memenuhi standar kualitas Wikipedia. Anda dapat memberikan bantuan berupa penambahan pranala dalam, atau dengan merapikan tata letak dari artikel ini. Untuk keterangan lebih lanjut, klik [tampil] di bagian kanan. Mengganti markah HTML dengan markah wiki…

Queen of the United Kingdom from 1952 to 2022 Elizabeth of the United Kingdom redirects here. For other uses, see Elizabeth of the United Kingdom (disambiguation) and Elizabeth II (disambiguation). Elizabeth IIHead of the CommonwealthFormal portrait, 1959Queen of the United Kingdomand other Commonwealth realms (full list) Reign6 February 1952 – 8 September 2022Coronation2 June 1953PredecessorGeorge VISuccessorCharles IIIBornPrincess Elizabeth of York(…

Oenothera Oenothera erythrosepala Klasifikasi ilmiah Kerajaan: Plantae Divisi: Magnoliophyta Kelas: Magnoliopsida Ordo: Myrtales Famili: Onagraceae Genus: OenotheraL. Spesies Sekitar 125, termasuk: Oenothera acaulis Oenothera albicaulis Oenothera argillicola Oenothera biennis Oenothera brachycarpa Oenothera caespitosa Oenothera californica Oenothera coronopifolia Oenothera coryi Oenothera deltoides Oenothera drummondii Oenothera elata Oenothera erythrosepala Oenothera flava Oenothera fruticosa O…

QuickSutradaraJo Beom-gooProduserLee Sang-yongYun Je-gyunDitulis olehPark Su-jinPemeranLee Min-kiKang Ye-won Kim In-kwonKo Chang-seokJu Jin-moPenata musikDalparanSinematograferKim Young-HoPenyuntingShin Min-gyeongDistributorJK Film, CJ EntertainmentTanggal rilis 20 Juli 2011 (2011-07-20) (Korea Selatan) Durasi111 minutes[1]NegaraBahasaBahasa Korea Quick (퀵 Qwik ) adalah film aksi Korea Selatan tahun 2011 yang disutradarai oleh Jo Beom-goo. Film ini tentang Gi-su (Lee Min…

Jalur kereta api Samarang–TangoengKereta NISM melaju menuju Stasiun TangoengIkhtisarJenisJalur kereta api lintas utamaSistemJalur kereta api rel beratStatusSebagian masih beroperasiTerminusSamarang hingga tahun 1914.Tanggung masih beroperasiStasiun4OperasiDibangun olehNederlandsch-Indische Spoorweg MaatschappijDibuka10 Agustus 1867Ditutup1914 (hanya Stasiun Samarang NIS)PemilikPT Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) Wilayah aset IV SemarangOperatorPT Kereta Api Indonesia Daerah Operasi IV Semarang (…

Arrmanatha Nasir Utusan Tetap Indonesia untuk Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa dan Otoritas Dasar Laut Internasional ke-20PetahanaMulai menjabat 25 Oktober 2021PresidenJoko Widodo PendahuluDian Triansyah DjaniPenggantiPetahanaDuta Besar Indonesia untuk Prancis, Andorra, Monako, dan UNESCO ke-19Masa jabatan12 April 2019 – 24 November 2021PresidenJoko Widodo PendahuluHotmangaraja PanjaitanPenggantiMohamad OemarJuru Bicara Kementerian Luar Negeri Republik IndonesiaMasa jabatanDesember 2014…

Grosotto commune di Italia Tempat categoria:Articles mancats de coordenades Negara berdaulatItaliaRegion di ItaliaLombardyProvinsi di ItaliaProvinsi Sondrio NegaraItalia Ibu kotaGrosotto PendudukTotal1.619  (2023 )GeografiLuas wilayah53,12 km² [convert: unit tak dikenal]Ketinggian610 m Berbatasan denganMazzo di Valtellina Vervio Grosio Monno (en) Brusio Poschiavo Informasi tambahanKode pos23034 Zona waktuUTC+1 UTC+2 Kode telepon0342 ID ISTAT014034 Kode kadaster ItaliaE201 Lain-lainSit…

Cells at Work!Sampul volume pertamaはたらく細胞(Hataraku Saibou) MangaPengarangAkane ShimizuPenerbitKodanshaPenerbit bahasa InggrisKodansha USAPenerbit bahasa IndonesiaM&C!MajalahMonthly Shōnen SiriusDemografiShōnenTerbit26 Januari 2015 – 26 Januari 2021Volume6 Informasi tambahan MangaCells at Work!: Bacteria!IlustratorHaruyuki YoshidaPenerbitKodanshaPenerbit bahasa InggrisNA Kodansha USAMajalahNakayoshiDemografiShōjoTerbit3 April 2017 – 3 Juli 2020Volume7 MangaCells NOT at Work…

Deklarasi Welles, Juli 23, 1940 Negara Baltik kini Deklarasi Welles adalah sebuah pernyataan diplomatik yang dikeluarkan pada tanggal 23 Juli 1940 oleh Sumner Welles, undang-undang Amerika Serikat Sekretaris Negara Amerika Serikat, yang mengecam penjajahan bulan Juni 1940 oleh Uni Soviet dari tiga negara bagian Baltik Estonia, Latvia dan Lithuania, dan menolak mengakui aneksasi mereka sebagai Republik Soviet.[1] Hal ini merupakan aplikasi dari Stimson Doctrine 1932, untuk tidak mengakui …

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Desember 2022. Lottie BriscoeLottie pada tahun (1914)Lahir(1883-04-19)19 April 1883St. Louis, Missouri, A.S.Meninggal21 Maret 1950(1950-03-21) (umur 66)New York, New York, A.S.Nama lainLittle Lottie BriscoeSuami/istriHarry McRae Webster ​ ​…

Stasiun Karangpilang Karangpilang+7,6 m Tampak kanopi Halte Karangpilang, dilihat dari Jalan MastripLokasiJalan MastripKarangpilang, Karangpilang, Surabaya, Jawa TimurIndonesiaKoordinat{{WikidataCoord}} – missing coordinate dataKetinggian+7,6 mOperator Kereta Api IndonesiaDaerah Operasi VIII Surabaya Letakkm 20+600 lintas Ujung–Wonokromo Kota–Krian OJS[1] Layanan-KonstruksiJenis strukturAtas tanahInformasi lainKode stasiun KAP 4721[2] SejarahDibuka27 September 1890Ditutup19…

Keuskupan Bragança-MirandaDioecesis Brigantiensis-MirandensisDiocese de Bragança-MirandaKatedral BraganzaLokasiNegara PortugalProvinsi gerejawiBragaMetropolitKeuskupan Agung BragaStatistikLuas6.545 km2 (2.527 sq mi)Populasi- Total- Katolik(per 2012)151.900149,400 (98.4%)InformasiRitusRitus LatinPendirian5 Maret 1770KatedralKatedral Ratu Bunda Maria di Munisipalitas BragançaKonkatedralKonkatedral Santa Maria di Miranda do DouroKepemimpinan kiniPausFransi…

Anna-Liisa Kasurinen. Anna-Liisa Kasurinen (née Oksanen; dari 1967 sampai 1989 Piipari; lahir 8 Mei 1940) adalah seorang perawat dan politikus Finlandia. Ia menjabat sebagai Wakil Menteri Pendidikan dari 30 April 1987 sampai 26 April 1991. Ia menjadi anggota Parlemen Finlandia dari 1979 sampai 1995, mewakili Partai Sosial Demokrat Finlandia (SDP).[1] Referensi ^ Eduskunta – kansanedustajat (dalam bahasa Finnish). Eduskunta. Diakses tanggal 24 July 2020. Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa y…

Lokasi Cekungan Arktik dinilai oleh USGS. Eksplorasi minyak bumi di Kutub Utara terbilang cukup mahal dan menantang, baik secara teknis maupun logistik. Di lepas pantai, es laut bisa menjadi faktor utama.[1] Ada banyak penemuan minyak dan gas di beberapa cekungan Arktik yang telah dieksplorasi secara ekstensif selama beberapa dekade terakhir, tetapi jarak dari infrastruktur yang ada seringkali menghalangi pembangunan. Operasi pengembangan dan produksi di lepas pantai Arktik sebagai hasil…

Anoplophora graafi Klasifikasi ilmiah Kerajaan: Animalia Filum: Arthropoda Kelas: Insecta Ordo: Coleoptera Famili: Cerambycidae Subfamili: Lamiinae Tribus: Lamiini Genus: Anoplophora Spesies: Anoplophora graafi Anoplophora graafi adalah spesies kumbang tanduk panjang yang tergolong familia Cerambycidae. Spesies ini juga merupakan bagian dari genus Anoplophora, ordo Coleoptera, kelas Insecta, filum Arthropoda, dan kingdom Animalia. Larva kumbang ini biasanya mengebor ke dalam kayu dan dapat menye…

Kembali kehalaman sebelumnya