Stephanospora

Stephanospora
A cross section of a basidiocarp from an unknown species of Stephanospora
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Agaricales
Family: Stephanosporaceae
Genus: Stephanospora
Pat. (1914)
Type species
Stephanospora caroticolor
(Berk.) Pat. (1914)

Stephanospora is a genus of truffle-like gasteroid fungi in the order Agaricales. In 2014, nine new Australasian cryptic species were described.[1]

Taxonomy

Stephanospora was circumscribed by French mycologist Narcisse Théophile Patouillard in 1914 with S. caroticolor (formerly classified as a species of Hydnangium) as the type species.[2]

Species

Chemistry

The carrot colored truffle (Stephanospora caroticolor) produces an orange basidiocarp with pigmentation resulting from stephanosporin, a hydrazide containing 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol precursor. Upon fungal tissue injury, stephanosporin is rapidly converted to the topical fungicide potassium 2-chloro-4-nitrophenolate (nitrofungin potassium)—a chemical defense mechanism unique to this family of fungi.[6][7]

A schematic representation of the unique chemical defense pathway in Stephanospora fungi.

References

  1. ^ Lebel T, Castellano MA, Beever RE (2014). "Cryptic diversity in the sequestrate genus Stephanospora (Stephanosporaceae: Agaricales) in Australasia". Fungal Biology. 119 (4): 201–228. doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2014.12.007. PMID 25813509.
  2. ^ Patouillard NT. (1914). "Quelques Champignons du Congo". Bulletin de la Société Mycologique de France (in French). 30 (3): 336–346.
  3. ^ Vidal JM. (2005). "The genus Stephanospora Pat., two new combinations" (PDF). Revista Catalana de Micologia. 26: 97–111.
  4. ^ Pegler DN, Young TWK (1953). "The gasteroid Russulales". Transactions of the British Mycological Society. 72 (3): 353–388 (see p. 383). doi:10.1016/s0007-1536(79)80143-6.
  5. ^ Corner EJH, Hawker LE (1953). "Hypogeous fungi from Malaya". Transactions of the British Mycological Society. 36 (2): 125–137 (see p. 130). Bibcode:1953TrBMS..36..125C. doi:10.1016/s0007-1536(53)80057-4.
  6. ^ Lang M, Spiteller P, Hellwig V, Steglich W (2001). "Stephanosporin, a "traceless" precursor of 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol in the gasteromycete Stephanospora caroticolor". Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English. 40 (9): 1704–1705. doi:10.1002/1521-3773(20010504)40:9<1704::AID-ANIE17040>3.0.CO;2-L. PMID 11353486.
  7. ^ Ju, Kou-San; Parales, Rebecca E. (2010). "Nitroaromatic Compounds, from Synthesis to Biodegradation". Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews. 74 (2): 250–272. Bibcode:2010MMBR...74..250J. doi:10.1128/MMBR.00006-10. ISSN 1092-2172. PMC 2884413. PMID 20508249.

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