Stephen Vincent Benét

Stephen Vincent Benét
Stephen Vincent Benét
	Benét at Yale College in 1919
Born	July 22, 1898; Fountain Hill, Pennsylvania, U.S.
Died	March 13, 1943 (aged 44); New York City, U.S.
Occupation	Writer
Education	Yale University (BA, MA)
Period	20th century
Genre	Poetry, short story, novel
Notable works	John Brown's Body (1929); The Devil and Daniel Webster (1936); By the Waters of Babylon (1937); Seven Brides for Seven Brothers (1954) (adapted from Benét's story The Sobbin' Women)
Notable awards	Pulitzer Prize for Poetry (1929); O. Henry Award (1937); Pulitzer Prize for Poetry (1944, posthumous)
Spouse	Rosemary Carr (m. 1921)
Children	3
Relatives	William Rose Benét (brother); Laura Benét (sister)

Stephen Vincent Benét (/bəˈneɪ/ bə-NAY; July 22, 1898 – March 13, 1943) was an American poet, short story writer, and novelist. He wrote a book-length narrative poem of the American Civil War, John Brown's Body, published in 1928, for which he received the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry, and for the short stories "The Devil and Daniel Webster", published in 1936, and "By the Waters of Babylon", published in 1937.

In 2009, Library of America selected his story "The King of the Cats", published in 1929, for inclusion in its two-century retrospective of American Fantastic Tales, edited by Peter Straub.

Early life and education

Benét was born on July 22, 1898, in Fountain Hill, Pennsylvania, in the Lehigh Valley region of eastern Pennsylvania^[1] to James Walker Benét, a colonel in the U.S. Army. His grandfather and namesake led the Army Ordnance Corps from 1874 to 1891 as a brigadier general and served in the Civil War. His paternal uncle Laurence Vincent Benét was an ensign in the U.S. Navy during the Spanish–American War who later manufactured the French Hotchkiss machine gun.^[2]

Around the age of ten, Benét was sent to the Hitchcock Military Academy in San Rafael, California. He graduated at the top of his class from Summerville Academy in Augusta, Georgia, and from Yale University, where he was "the power behind the Yale Lit", according to Thornton Wilder, a fellow member of the Elizabethan Club. As a Yale University student, he also edited^[3] and contributed light verse to the campus humor magazine The Yale Record.^[4]

His first book was published when he was aged 17, and he was awarded an M.A. in English upon submission of his third volume of poetry in lieu of a thesis.^[5] He was also a part-time contributor to Time magazine in the magazine's early years.^[6]

In 1920 and 1921, Benét was in France on a Yale traveling fellowship, where he met Rosemary Carr; the couple married in Chicago in November 1921.^[7] Carr was also a writer and poet, and they collaborated on some works.

In 1926, he received a Guggenheim Fellowship award and, while living in Paris, wrote John Brown's Body.^[8]

Career

Benét helped solidify the place of the Yale Series of Younger Poets Competition and Yale University Press during his decade-long judgeship of the competition.^[9] He published the first volumes of James Agee, Muriel Rukeyser, Jeremy Ingalls, and Margaret Walker.

In 1929, Benét was elected a member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters.^[10]

Two years later, in 1931, he was awarded a fellowship by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.^[11]

Out of John Brown's strong sinews the tall skyscrapers grow,
Out of his heart the chanting buildings rise,
Rivet and girder, motor and dynamo,
Pillar of smoke by day and fire by night,
The steel-faced cities reaching at the skies,
The whole enormous and rotating cage
Hung with hard jewels of electric light,
Smoky with sorrow, black with splendor, dyed
Whiter than damask for a crystal bride
With metal suns, the engine-handed Age,
The genie we have raised to rule the earth,
Obsequious to our will
But servant-master still,
The tireless serf already half a god --

—Stephen Vincent Benét, "John Brown's Body" (1928)^[12]

On three separate occasions, Benét was awarded the O. Henry Award: in 1932, for his short stories An End to Dreams in 1932, in 1937, for The Devil and Daniel Webster, and in 1940, for Freedom's a Hard-Bought Thing.

His fantasy short story "The Devil and Daniel Webster" inspired several unauthorized dramatizations by other writers after its publication, which prompted Benét to adapt his own work for the stage.^[13] Benét approached composer Douglas Moore to create an opera of the work with Benét serving as librettist in 1937.^[13]

The Devil and Daniel Webster: An Opera in One Act, published by Farrar & Rinehart in 1939, premiered on Broadway that same year.^[13] The opera version of Benet's "The Devil and Daniel Webster" was created from 1937 through 1939, and its libretto served as the basis for a 1938 play adaptation of the work, The Devil and Daniel Webster: A Play in One Act, published by Dramatists Play Service in 1938.^[13] The play, in turn, was used as the source for a screenplay adaptation co-written by Benét, which was released in 1941 as All That Money Can Buy.^[13]

Benét also wrote a sequel, "Daniel Webster and the Sea Serpent", in which Daniel Webster encounters Leviathan.

They came here, they toiled here, they suffered many pains, they lived here, they died here, they left singing names.
— Used by the Menorcan Cultural Society to honor their Menorcan ancestors who fled Andrew Turnbull's failed New Smyrna, Florida colony, and found sanctuary in St. Augustine, Florida, though Benét actually wrote those lines in a poem about the French pioneers in the colonial-era United States

Death

Benét died of a heart attack in New York City on March 13, 1943, at age 44.^[14] He is interred in Evergreen Cemetery in Stonington, Connecticut, where he owned the historic Amos Palmer House.

Legacy

On April 17, 1943, NBC Radio broadcast a special tribute to his life and works, which included a performance by Helen Hayes.^[15]^[16] He was awarded a posthumous Pulitzer Prize in 1944 for Western Star, an unfinished narrative poem on the settling of the United States.

Benét adapted the Roman myth of the rape of the Sabine Women into the story "The Sobbin' Women". That story was adapted as the musical film Seven Brides for Seven Brothers (1954), then as a stage musical (1978) and then TV series (1982). His play John Brown's Body was staged on Broadway in 1953 in a three-person dramatic reading featuring Tyrone Power, Judith Anderson, and Raymond Massey, directed by Charles Laughton. The book was included in Life magazine's list of the 100 outstanding books of 1924–44.^[17]

Dee Brown's Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee takes its title from the final phrase of Benét's poem "American Names". The full quotation appears at the beginning of Brown's book:

I shall not be there
I shall rise and pass
Bury my heart at Wounded Knee.

Selected works

Five Men and Pompey, a series of dramatic portraits, Poetry, 1915
The Drug-Shop, or, Endymion in Edmonstoun, his Yale University Prize Poem, written in 1917^[18]
Young Adventure: A book of Poems, 1918
Heavens and Earth, 1920
The Beginnings of Wisdom: A Novel, 1921
Young People's Pride: A Novel, 1922
Jean Huguenot: A Novel, 1923
The Ballad of William Sycamore: A Poem, 1923
King David: A two-hundred-line ballad in six parts, 1923
Nerves, 1924, a play co-authored with John C. Farrar
That Awful Mrs. Eaton, 1924, a play co-authored with John C. Farrar
Tiger Joy: A Book of Poems, 1925
The Mountain Whippoorwill: How Hill-Billy Jim Won the Great Fiddler's Prize: A Poem., 1925
The Bat, 1926, ghostwritten novelization of the play by Mary Roberts Rinehart and Avery Hopwood
Spanish Bayonet, 1926^[19]
John Brown's Body, 1928
The Barefoot Saint: A Short Story, 1929
The Litter of Rose Leaves: A Short Story, 1930
Abraham Lincoln, 1930, a screenplay co-authored with Gerrit Lloyd
Ballads and Poems, 1915–1930, 1931
A Book of Americans, 1933, co-authored with Rosemary Carr Benét, his wife
James Shore's Daughter: A Novel, 1934
The Burning City, 1936, includes 'Litany for Dictatorships'
The Magic of Poetry and the Poet's Art, 1936
The Devil and Daniel Webster, 1936
By the Waters of Babylon, 1937
The Headless Horseman: one-act play, 1937
Thirteen O'Clock, 1937
We Aren't Superstitious, 1937, an essay on the Salem Witch Trials
Johnny Pye and the Fool Killer: A Short Story, 1938
Tales Before Midnight: Collection of Short Stories, 1939
The Ballad of the Duke's Mercy, 1939
The Devil and Daniel Webster, 1939, an opera libretto with Douglas Moore
A Song of Three Soldiers, 1940
Elementals, 1940–41 (broadcast)
Freedom's Hard-Bought Thing, 1941, a broadcast
Listen to the People, 1941
A Summons to the Free, 1941
William Riley and the Fates, 1941
Cheers for Miss Bishop, 1941, a screenplay written with Adelaide Heilbron and Sheridan Gibney
The Devil and Daniel Webster, 1941, a screenplay written with Dan Totheroh
Selected Works, 1942 (2 vols.) OCLC 22177930
Short Stories, 1942
Nightmare at Noon: Short Poem, 1942, in The Treasury Star Parade, edited by William A. Bacher
A Child is Born, 1942, a broadcast
They Burned the Books, 1942 OCLC 925056
They Burned the Books, 1942, a broadcast

These works were published posthumously:

Western Star, 1943 (unfinished)
Twenty Five Short Stories, 1943
America, 1944
O'Halloran's Luck and Other Short Stories, 1944
We Stand United, 1945, a series of radio scripts
The Bishop's Beggar, 1946
The Last Circle, 1946
Selected Stories, 1947
From the Earth to the Moon, 1958

References

^ "Stephen Vincent Benét". www.hmdb.org. Retrieved 27 August 2021. While some references state that Benet was born in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, he was actually born in the adjacent borough of Fountain Hill.
^ "Milestones, May 31, 1948". Time. May 31, 1948. Archived from the original on October 14, 2009.
^ "Stephen Vincent Benét" (PDF). Obituary Record of Graduates of Yale University Deceased during the Year 1942–1943. New Haven: Yale University. January 1, 1944. p. 123.
^ Bronson, Francis W., Thomas Caldecott Chubb, and Cyril Hume, eds. (1922) The Yale Record Book of Verse: 1872–1922. New Haven: Yale University Press. pp. 16–17, 24, 42–43, 50–51, 67–68, 82–83.
^ The New Encyclopædia Britannica, Vol. 12, Micropaedia, 15th edition, Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. c. 1989
^ "History of Time Magazine Part 1". www.trivia-library.com.
^ Griffith, John (15 December 2022). "Stephen Vincent Benét". Poetry Foundation.
^ Parini, J. (2004). The Oxford Encyclopedia of American Literature. Oxford reference library. p. 164. ISBN 978-0-19-515653-9. Retrieved August 6, 2019.
^ Bradley, George. The Yale Younger Poets Anthology, Yale University Press, New Haven and London, pp. 23–53
^ "Search Results for "Stephen Vincent Benet" – American Academy of Arts and Letters". American Academy of Arts and Letters. Retrieved May 21, 2019. Member: Stephen Vincent Benet – Regular / Year Elected: 1929 / b. 1898 / d. 1943 / Gold Medal in Literature 1943
^ "Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter B" (PDF). American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 22 April 2011.
^ "John Brown's Body". Project Gutenberg Australia. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e McBride, Jerry L. (2011). Douglas Moore: A Bio-bibliography. Music Library Association. pp. 24–28. ISBN 9780895796660.
^ Weicksel, Amanda (2001). "Stephen Vincent Benét". Literary and Cultural Heritage Map of Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania Center for the Book, Penn State University. Archived from the original on June 11, 2010. Retrieved May 24, 2010.
^ "Radio". The Official Web Site of Helen Hayes. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016.
^ Dupuy, Judy (April 19, 1943). "Heard and Overheard" (PDF). PM. New York. p. 22.
^ Canby, Henry Seidel. "The 100 Outstanding Books of 1924–1944". Life Magazine, 14 August 1944. Chosen in collaboration with the magazine's editors.
^ Stephen Vincent Benét, Nathan Wallach (1917). The Drug-shop, Or Endymion in Edmonstoun. Yale University Press.
^ Benét, Stephen Vincent (May 14, 1926). "Spanish bayonet". New York, George H. Doran Co – via Internet Archive.

Sources

Bleiler, Everett (1948). The Checklist of Fantastic Literature. Chicago: Shasta Publishers. pp. 46–47.
Fenton, Charles A. (1978) [1958]. Stephen Vincent Benét: The Life and Times of an American Man of Letters, 1898–1943. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-20200-1.