The Syr-Darya Oblast was founded after annexing the northwestern part of Khanate of Kokand, Chimkent ( established in 1709, declaring independence from Emirate of Bukhara) and the northwestern part of Khanate of Khiva (for Amu Darya Okrug at present Karakalpakstan) in 1867. Khiva was conquered by the Russians in 1873 who made Sayyid Muhammad Rahim Bahadur Khan II vassal ruler of the region.[1]
Early Central Asia Bolshevik leaders, the Kazakh Turar Ryskulov and the Uzbek Fayzullah Khojaev, believed all territories would sooner or later be unified into one state, Soviet Turkestan.[2]
Without a tradition of national institutions and consciousness prior to the October Revolution of 1917, Central Asia was divided into “national republics” in 1924.[3]
On October 27, 1924 as a result of the national-territorial reorganisation of Central Asia, most of the Syr-Darya region was transferred to the Kara-Kirghiz Autonomous Oblast of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR), and on 1 February 1926 to the Kyrgyz (Kazakh) ASSR (Kirghiz Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic), still being a part of the RSFSR.[2] The remaining smaller region Tashkent County became a part of the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic (SSR) of the Soviet Union. These borders were not drawn along ethnic or linguistic lines.[4]
The Kirghiz Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic later transformed into the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic (1936–1990), the Socialist Republic of Kyrgyzstan (1990-1991) and the independent Republic of Kyrgyzstan (1991).
The area was 504,700 km ² (443,442 sq. m. miles). The greatest stretch of longitude - about 1173 kilometers (1100 miles) in width is about - 747 km (700 miles).
Syr-Darya region occupied by about 70% of the total area Turkestan, and about 25% of the Turkestan province.
Administrative division
Syr-Darya Oblast was originally divided into six uyezds:
Aulie-Ata (Aulie-Ata was Russian render of "Evliya Ata")
According to the 1897 census, the total population was 1,478,398 inhabitants (803,411 men and 674,987 women), including the cities of 205,596. With the exception of the regional city of Tashkent as having 155,673 residents (the most populous city in Russian Central Asia) in the Syr-Darya region of large cities do not.
With the exception of Russian - and some Orthodox Old Believers and other Europeans, Christians and Jews, the main bulk of the population (96.4%) consists of Muslims.
Today, the territory of the former Syr-Darya Oblast is in eastern Uzbekistan and southeastern of Kazakhstan.
¹ Italics indicates renamed or abolished governorates, oblasts, etc on 1 January 1914. ² An asterisk (*) indicates governorates formed or created with renaming after 1 January 1914. ³ Ostsee or Baltic general-governorship was abolished in 1876.