In computing, the System Management BIOS (SMBIOS) specification defines data structures (and access methods) that can be used to read management information produced by the BIOS of a computer.[1] This eliminates the need for the operating system to probe hardware directly to discover what devices are present in the computer. The SMBIOS specification is produced by the Distributed Management Task Force (DMTF), a non-profit standards development organization. The DMTF estimates that two billion client and server systems implement SMBIOS.[2]
SMBIOS was originally known as Desktop Management BIOS (DMIBIOS), since it interacted with the Desktop Management Interface (DMI).[3]
The DMTF released the version 3.7.1 of the specification on May 24, 2024.[4]
History
Version 1 of the Desktop Management BIOS (DMIBIOS) specification was produced by Phoenix Technologies in or before 1996.[5][6]
Version 2.0 of the Desktop Management BIOS specification was released on March 6, 1996 by American Megatrends (AMI), Award Software, Dell, Intel, Phoenix Technologies, and SystemSoft Corporation. It introduced 16-bit plug-and-play functions used to access the structures from Windows 95.[7]
The last version to be published directly by vendors was 2.3 on August 12, 1998. The authors were American Megatrends, Award Software, Compaq, Dell, Hewlett-Packard, Intel, International Business Machines (IBM), Phoenix Technologies, and SystemSoft Corporation.
Circa 1999, the Distributed Management Task Force (DMTF) took ownership of the specification. The first version published by the DMTF was 2.3.1 on March 16, 1999. At approximately the same time Microsoft started to require that OEMs and BIOS vendors support the interface/data-set in order to have Microsoft certification.
Version 3.0.0, introduced in February 2015, added a 64-bit entry point, which can coexist with the previously defined 32-bit entry point.
The SMBIOS table consists of an entry point (two types are defined, 32-bit and 64-bit), and a variable number of structures that describe platform components and features. These structures are occasionally referred to as "tables" or "records" in third-party documentation.
Structure types
As of version 3.3.0, the SMBIOS specification defines the following structure types:[12][13]
Type
Description
0
BIOS Information
1
System Information
2
Baseboard (or Module) Information
3
System Enclosure or Chassis
4
Processor Information
5
Memory Controller Information (Obsolete)
6
Memory Module Information (Obsolete)
7
Cache Information
8
Port Connector Information
9
System Slots
10
On Board Devices Information
11
OEM Strings
12
System Configuration Options
13
BIOS Language Information
14
Group Associations
15
System Event Log
16
Physical Memory Array
17
Memory Device
18
32-Bit Memory Error Information
19
Memory Array Mapped Address
20
Memory Device Mapped Address
21
Built-in Pointing Device
22
Portable Battery
23
System Reset
24
Hardware Security
25
System Power Controls
26
Voltage Probe
27
Cooling Device
28
Temperature Probe
29
Electrical Current Probe
30
Out-of-Band Remote Access
31
Boot Integrity Services (BIS) Entry Point
32
System Boot Information
33
64-Bit Memory Error Information
34
Management Device
35
Management Device Component
36
Management Device Threshold Data
37
Memory Channel
38
IPMI Device Information
39
System Power Supply
40
Additional Information
41
Onboard Devices Extended Information
42
Management Controller Host Interface
43
TPM Device
44
Processor Additional Information
126
Inactive
127
End-of-Table
128–255
Available for system- and OEM- specific information
129
Intel ASF
130
Intel AMT
131
Intel Management Engine
Accessing SMBIOS data
The EFI configuration table (EFI_CONFIGURATION_TABLE) contains entries pointing to the SMBIOS 2 and/or SMBIOS 3 tables.[14] There are several ways to access the data, depending on the platform and operating system.
From UEFI
In the UEFI Shell, the SmbiosView command can retrieve and display the SMBIOS data.[15][16] One can often enter the UEFI shell by entering the system firmware settings, and then selecting the shell as a boot option (as opposed to a DVD drive or hard drive).
On Windows systems that support it (XP and later), some SMBIOS information can be viewed with either the WMIC utility with 'BIOS'/'MEMORYCHIP'/'BASEBOARD' and similar parameters, or by looking in the Windows Registry under HKLM\HARDWARE\DESCRIPTION\System.
Various software utilities can retrieve raw SMBIOS data, including FirmwareTablesView[19] and AIDA64.
Generating SMBIOS data
Table and structure creation is normally up to the system firmware/BIOS. The UEFI Platform Initialization (PI) specification includes an SMBIOS protocol (EFI_SMBIOS_PROTOCOL) that allows components to submit SMBIOS structures for inclusion, and enables the producer to create the SMBIOS table for a platform.[20]
If the SMBIOS data is not generated and filled correctly then the machine may behave unexpectedly. For example, a Mini PC that advertises Chassis Information | Type = Tablet may behave unexpectedly using Linux. A desktop manager like GNOME will attempt to monitor a non-existent battery and shut down the screen and network interfaces when the missing battery drops below a threshold. Additionally, if the Chassis Information | Manufacturer is not filled in correctly then work-arounds for the incorrect Type = Tablet problem cannot be applied.[22]
