Tandil

Tandil
Tandil
City
	Panoramic view of the city
	Tandil Location in Argentina Tandil Tandil (Buenos Aires Province)
	Coordinates: 37°19′S 59°08′W / 37.317°S 59.133°W
Country	Argentina
Province	Buenos Aires
Partido	Tandil
Founded	April 4, 1823
Area
• Total	52.34 km2 (20.21 sq mi)
Elevation	188 m (617 ft)
Population (2010 census)
• Total	116,916
• Density	2,200/km2 (5,800/sq mi)
CPA Base	B 7000
Area code	+54 249
Website	www.tandil.gov.ar

Tandil is the main city of the homonymous partido (department), located in Argentina, in the southeast of Buenos Aires Province, just north-northwest of Tandilia hills. The city was founded in 1823, and its name originates from the Piedra Movediza ("Moving Stone") which fell in 1912. The city is the birthplace of many notable sports personalities, as well as former president of Argentina Mauricio Macri.

Geography

Tandil is located 180 metres (590 ft) above sea level and its coordinates are 37°19′08″S 59°08′05″W / 37.31889°S 59.13472°W / -37.31889; -59.13472. The city borders Rauch and Azul (to the north), Ayacucho and Balcarce (to the east), Lobería, Necochea and Benito Juárez (to the south) and Azul and Benito Juárez (to the west).

Tandil is situated approximately midway between La Plata (the provincial capital), 330 km (210 mi) to its NE, and Bahía Blanca, lying the same distance to its SW; it is also 160 kilometres (99 mi) NW of Mar del Plata, and 360 kilometres (220 mi) SSW of Buenos Aires. Tandil is in a zone within the Pampas known as the Humid Pampas.

According to the 2010 census (INDEC), Tandil had a population of 116,916. The total area of the Tandil partido is 4,935 km² (1,905 sq mi).

Climate

Tandil's climate is mild and humid (classified as Cfb or an oceanic climate under the Köppen climate classification),^[1] with an average temperature of 13.8 °C (56.8 °F) and 888.6 millimetres (34.98 in) of precipitation annually. Mornings are often cold in autumn, winter and spring, and generally fresh in the summer. Fog is very common in autumn and winter, when frosts are also common. Minimum temperatures below −5 °C (23 °F) have been recorded in the winter months. Rainfall occurs throughout the year but more frequently in summer. Snow are not very common.

The climatological data in the table below is from the period 1991–2020:

Climate data for Tandil, Argentina (1991–2020, extremes 1961–present)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	40.7 (105.3)	37.8 (100.0)	37.2 (99.0)	32.5 (90.5)	28.0 (82.4)	23.3 (73.9)	25.4 (77.7)	31.2 (88.2)	30.0 (86.0)	33.6 (92.5)	35.4 (95.7)	39.9 (103.8)	40.7 (105.3)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	28.4 (83.1)	26.9 (80.4)	24.5 (76.1)	20.5 (68.9)	16.5 (61.7)	13.3 (55.9)	12.5 (54.5)	15.0 (59.0)	16.9 (62.4)	19.9 (67.8)	23.4 (74.1)	27.0 (80.6)	20.4 (68.7)
Daily mean °C (°F)	20.8 (69.4)	19.6 (67.3)	17.4 (63.3)	13.5 (56.3)	10.2 (50.4)	7.2 (45.0)	6.2 (43.2)	8.2 (46.8)	10.2 (50.4)	13.3 (55.9)	16.4 (61.5)	19.5 (67.1)	13.5 (56.3)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	13.3 (55.9)	12.7 (54.9)	11.0 (51.8)	7.4 (45.3)	4.8 (40.6)	2.0 (35.6)	1.1 (34.0)	2.4 (36.3)	3.9 (39.0)	6.8 (44.2)	9.3 (48.7)	11.6 (52.9)	7.2 (45.0)
Record low °C (°F)	1.8 (35.2)	0.8 (33.4)	0.0 (32.0)	−4.6 (23.7)	−5.8 (21.6)	−11.0 (12.2)	−11.6 (11.1)	−8.5 (16.7)	−7.1 (19.2)	−4.8 (23.4)	−4.0 (24.8)	−0.3 (31.5)	−11.6 (11.1)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	108.8 (4.28)	98.5 (3.88)	91.6 (3.61)	93.5 (3.68)	56.0 (2.20)	48.6 (1.91)	41.1 (1.62)	57.5 (2.26)	58.7 (2.31)	85.9 (3.38)	98.4 (3.87)	74.0 (2.91)	912.6 (35.93)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm)	7.9	7.1	7.6	7.3	6.0	5.4	6.3	5.4	6.9	8.7	8.8	7.2	84.6
Average snowy days	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.2
Average relative humidity (%)	67.0	72.8	76.9	78.3	81.6	80.5	80.2	75.9	74.4	73.8	69.7	64.6	74.6
Mean monthly sunshine hours	254.2	240.1	220.1	186.0	142.6	114.0	127.1	164.3	159.0	213.9	231.0	232.5	2,284.8
Mean daily sunshine hours	8.2	8.5	7.1	6.2	4.6	3.8	4.1	5.3	5.3	6.9	7.7	7.5	6.3
Percent possible sunshine	59.1	63.7	58.4	49.1	46.2	37.2	42.4	52.2	46.7	53.7	53.6	49.9	51.0
Source: Servicio Meteorológico Nacional (percent sun 1991–2000)^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]

Place name

It is widely believed that the name of the city comes from the Mapuche words tan ("falling"), and lil ("rock"). It is probably a reference to the Piedra Movediza ("Moving Stone"), a large boulder which stood seemingly miraculously balanced on the edge of a rocky foothill.^[6] In order to demonstrate the slight movements of the boulder, it was common practice to place bottles under its base to watch them shatter.^[7] The "Moving Stone" toppled on February 29, 1912, and split into two pieces at the bottom of the hill.

In May 2007, a fix replica was set up in the same place where the original stood. The replica, made by engineering students, is actually cemented in place and does not teeter the way the original did.^[7]

History

The town was founded by Martín Rodríguez on April 4, 1823, named Fuerte Independencia (Fort Independence). In time the original natives became assimilated and mingled with the increasing European population.^{[citation needed]} The vast majority of immigrants came from Spain and Italy, but also Danish people settled mainly guided by the Danish College of Missions, the latter constituting a very active community. Tandil was designated a city (although by modern standards it was a large town) in 1895 and became a popular tourist destination attracting people from Buenos Aires and other parts of Argentina.

The Piedra Movediza fell in 1912 and split in two below. Although it is impossible after the fact to ascertain the reason it fell, it is very possible that the delicately balanced rock was thrown off balance by the common practice of placing glass bottles under it and watching them explode. This was the way the locals would prove to visitors that the rock, in fact, moved, since the movement was too subtle to be detected by the naked eye. There have been projects to restore the rock, and a replica stone was placed where the original used to be. Other similar stones like El Centinela are also attractions, but none has the truly astonishing quality of teetering ever so slowly like the "moving rock" once did.

National University of Central Buenos Aires Province

The National University of Central Buenos Aires Province (Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia Buenos Aires) is a public university located in Tandil. It was founded in 1974 as part of University of Buenos Aires Professor Alberto Taquini's plan to geographically diversify Argentina's National University system.

Established with the unification of a private school and a campus of the National University of the South, with more than 11,000 students, the university includes 10 schools offering 21 undergraduate, 58 graduate, and 19 post-graduate degrees. It maintains secondary campuses in Azul and Olavarría.

Notable people

Arts

Facundo Cabral, singer, artist
Rodolfo González Pacheco, writer, playwright, orator, anarchist journalist and activist
María Cristina Kiehr, soprano^[8]
Víctor Laplace, actor
René Lavand, illusionist
Robert Le Vigan, French actor and Nazi collaborator
Carmen Platero, playwright and actress

Politics

Diego Bossio, economist, executive director of ANSES, the national social security agency, from 2009 to 2015
Mauricio Macri, politician, former president of Argentina

Sports

Juan Martín del Potro, tennis player, 2009 US Open winner and bronze and silver medalist in the Summer Olympics, nicknamed the 'Tower of Tandil'
Mauro Camoranesi, footballer, 2006 FIFA World Cup Champion with the Italian national team
María Irigoyen, tennis player
Matias Rueda, Latin, South American and Argentine champion of professional boxing
Juan Eduardo Eluchans, football player
Guillermo Pérez Roldán, tennis player
Mariana Pérez Roldán, tennis player
Ariel Garcé, football player
Esteban Saveljich, football player
Mariano Pernía, football player
Jorge Iván Pérez, football player
Alejandro Agustín Domenez, football player
Mariano González, football player
Pablo Andrés González, football player
Vicente Pernía, football player
Máximo González, tennis player
Diego Junqueira, tennis player
Juan Mónaco, tennis player
Bernardo Daniel Romeo, football player
Mariano Zabaleta, tennis player
Jorge Baliño, football referee, former FIFA-listed.^[9]

Gallery

Plaza Independencia (Independence Square)
Lago del Fuerte (Fortress Lake), with its artificial geyser
Statue outside Ramón Santamarina hospital
Entrance to Independence Park
Railway station platform (Roca Railway)
The city's rural surroundings
Road to the city's old fort
Lago del Fuerte in 2014
City skyline from Independence Park
Centinela rock formation outside of the city
A participant in International Women's Day 2022 in Tandil

References

^ Peel, M. C. and Finlayson, B. L. and McMahon, T. A. (2007). "Updated world map of the Köppen–Geiger climate classification" (PDF). Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 11 (5): 1633–1644. Bibcode:2007HESS...11.1633P. doi:10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007. ISSN 1027-5606.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ "Estadísticas Climatológicas Normales - período 1991-2020" (in Spanish). Servicio Meteorológico Nacional. Retrieved 29 April 2023.
^ "Estadísticas Climatológicas Normales – período 1991–2020" (PDF) (in Spanish). Servicio Meteorológico Nacional. 2023. Archived from the original on 8 July 2023. Retrieved 31 July 2023.
^ "Estadística climatológica de la República Argentina Período 1991-2000" (in Spanish). Servicio Meteorológico Nacional. Archived from the original on 9 May 2023. Retrieved 23 May 2023.
^ "Clima en la Argentina: Guia Climática por Tandil". Caracterización: Estadísticas de largo plazo (in Spanish). Servicio Meteorológico Nacional. Retrieved 29 April 2023.
^ Scheffel, Richard L.; Wernet, Susan J., eds. (1980). Natural Wonders of the World. United States of America: Reader's Digest Association, Inc. p. 366. ISBN 0-89577-087-3.
^ ^a ^b noticias.universia.com.ar. "Cómo será la réplica de la movediza de Tandil". Noticias Universia Argentina (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2018-10-07. Retrieved 2018-10-07.
^ "Maria Cristina Kiehr (Soprano) - Short Biography". bach-cantatas.com. Retrieved 2018-10-07.
^ Morando, Andrés (3 August 2013). "Referí bombero". Olé (in Spanish). Retrieved 6 October 2016.