Tolumnia (plant)

Tolumnia
	Tolumnia velutina, ; Dominican Republic
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Monocots
Order:	Asparagales
Family:	Orchidaceae
Subfamily:	Epidendroideae
Tribe:	Cymbidieae
Subtribe:	Oncidiinae
Genus:	Tolumnia; Raf.
Synonyms
	List Olgasis Raf. ; Xaritonia Raf. ; Antillanorchis (C.Wright ex Griseb.) Garay ; Hispaniella Braem ; Jamaiciella Braem ; Braasiella Braem, Lückel & Rüssmann ; Gudrunia Braem ;

Tolumnia (abbreviated Tolu.^[2]), is a genus in the family Orchidaceae. Previously known as the "equitant oncidiums," the species were segregated from the mega-genus Oncidium by Guido Braem in 1986. Dancing-lady orchid is a common name for some species in this genus.^[3]

Distribution

The genus is primarily native to the Greater Antilles, with a few species extending into Florida, the Lesser Antilles, Mexico, Central America and northern South America (from Colombia to French Guiana).^[1]

Description

The plants are small, usually epiphytic, with small or absent pseudobulbs completely covered by leaves, which are triangular or circular in cross section and overlap each other at base to resemble a fan.^[1]

The inflorescences arise between the leaf base and bear colorful, showy flowers. The labella are large, ornamented by variously shaped calli. The column bears prominent wings flanking the stigma. ^[1]

Pollination

Species in the genus are pollinated by oil-collecting bees of the genus Centris. Instead of producing oils as a reward for their pollinators, Tolumnia species instead mimic the oil-producing flowers of Malpighiaceae species. Flowers are self-incompatible. Fragrance strength can vary greatly even within a species.^[4]^[5]^[6]

Species

Tolumnia arizajuliana (Withner & J.Jiménez Alm.) Ackerman, 1997
Tolumnia bahamensis (Nash) Braem, 1986
Tolumnia calochila (Cogn.) Braem, 1986
Tolumnia compressicaulis (Withner) Braem, 1986
Tolumnia gauntlettii (Withner & Jesup) Nir, 1994
Tolumnia guianensis (Aubl.) Braem, 1986
Tolumnia guibertiana (A.Rich.) Braem, 1986
Tolumnia gundlachii (C.Wright ex Griseb.) N.H.Williams & Ackerman, 2007
Tolumnia guttata (L.) Nir, 1994
Tolumnia haitiensis (Leonard & Ames) Braem, 1986
Tolumnia hawkesiana (Moir) Braem, 1986
Tolumnia henekenii (Schomburgk ex Lindl.) Nir, 1994
Tolumnia leiboldi (Rchb. f.) Braem, 1986
Tolumnia lucayana (Nash) Braem, 1986
Tolumnia pulchella (Hook.) Rafinesque, 1837
Tolumnia quadriloba (Schweinf.) Braem, 1986
Tolumnia scandens (Moir) Braem, 1986
Tolumnia sylvestris (Lindl.) Braem, 1986
Tolumnia triquetra (Sw.) Nir, 1994
Tolumnia tuerckheimii (Cogn.) Braem, 1986
Tolumnia urophylla (Loddiges ex Lindl.) Braem, 1986
Tolumnia usneoides (Lindl.) Braem, 1986
Tolumnia variegata (Sw.) Braem, 1986
Tolumnia velutina (Lindl. & Paxton) Braem, 1986

Synonyms

Tolumnia acunae (M. A. Diaz) Nir, 2000 (synonym of: Tolumnia tuerckheimii (Cogn.) Braem, 198)
Tolumnia borinquensis Sauleda & Ragan, 1996 (synonym of: Tolumnia variegata (Sw.) Braem, 1986)
Tolumnia caymanensis (Moir) Braem, 1986 (synonym of: Tolumnia leiboldii (Rchb.f.) Braem, 1986)
Tolumnia lemoniana ssp. lemoniana Braem, 1986 (synonym of: Tolumnia guianensis (Aubl.) Braem, 1986)
Tolumnia tetrapetala (Jacq.) Braem, 1986 (synonym of Tolumnia guttata (L.) Nir, 1994 )

Hybrids

This list is incomplete.

Hybrids of Tolumnia with orchids in other genera are placed in the following nothogenera:^[7]

Aspaleomnia (Alm.) = Tolumnia × Aspasia × Leochilus
Bramiltumnia (Bmt.) = Tolumnia × Brassia × Miltonia
Cochlumnia (Ccl.) = Tolumnia × Cochlioda (now Tolumnia × Oncidium = × Oncidumnia)
Comparumnia (Cmr.) = Tolumnia × Comparettia
Cuitlumnia (Ctn.) = Tolumnia × Cuitlauzina
Golumnia (Glm.) = Tolumnia × Gomesa
Tolucentrum (Tun.) = Tolumnia × Trichocentrum
Toluglossum (Tgl.) = Tolumnia × Odontoglossum
Tolumnopsis (Tmp.) = Tolumnia × Miltoniopsis
Tolutonia (Tut.) = Tolumnia × Miltonia

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
^ Alphabetical List of Standard Abbreviations for Natural and Hybrid Generic Names, RHS, 2017. https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/pdfs/plant-registration-forms/orchid-name-abbreviations-list.pdf
^ NRCS. "Tolumnia". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 11 December 2015.
^ Sauleda, Ruben P. (July 19, 2014). "Pollination Biology and Taxonomy of the Genera Tolumnia Raf. and Oncidium Sw. (Orchidaceae) in South Florida: Tolumnia bahamensis (Nash ex Britton & Millspaugh) Braem, Oncidium floridanum Ames, Oncidium undulatum (Sw.) Salisb. (Lophiaris maculata (Aubl.) Ackerman)" (PDF). New World Orchidaceae – Nomenclatural Notes (13).
^ Vale, áNgel; Navarro, Luis; Rojas, Danny; áLvarez, Julio C. (May 2011). "Breeding system and pollination by mimicry of the orchid Tolumnia guibertiana in Western Cuba". Plant Species Biology. 26 (2): 163–173. doi:10.1111/j.1442-1984.2011.00322.x. ISSN 0913-557X.
^ Ackerman, James D.; Meléndez-Ackerman, Elvia J.; Salguero-Faria, José (October 1997). "Variation in pollinator abundance and selection on fragrance phenotypes in an epiphytic orchid". American Journal of Botany. 84 (10): 1383–1390. doi:10.2307/2446136. ISSN 0002-9122. JSTOR 2446136. PMID 21708546.
^ "Tolumnia | International Plant Names Index".

Nir, M. Orchidaceae Antillanae, 94–97, 2000.
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew : World Checklist of Monocotyledons

External links

Media related to Tolumnia at Wikimedia Commons
Data related to Tolumnia at Wikispecies

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[WCSP-1] Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families

[2] Alphabetical List of Standard Abbreviations for Natural and Hybrid Generic Names, RHS, 2017. https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/pdfs/plant-registration-forms/orchid-name-abbreviations-list.pdf

[3] NRCS. "Tolumnia". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 11 December 2015.

[4] Sauleda, Ruben P. (July 19, 2014). "Pollination Biology and Taxonomy of the Genera Tolumnia Raf. and Oncidium Sw. (Orchidaceae) in South Florida: Tolumnia bahamensis (Nash ex Britton & Millspaugh) Braem, Oncidium floridanum Ames, Oncidium undulatum (Sw.) Salisb. (Lophiaris maculata (Aubl.) Ackerman)" (PDF). New World Orchidaceae – Nomenclatural Notes (13).

[5] Vale, áNgel; Navarro, Luis; Rojas, Danny; áLvarez, Julio C. (May 2011). "Breeding system and pollination by mimicry of the orchid Tolumnia guibertiana in Western Cuba". Plant Species Biology. 26 (2): 163–173. doi:10.1111/j.1442-1984.2011.00322.x. ISSN 0913-557X.

[6] Ackerman, James D.; Meléndez-Ackerman, Elvia J.; Salguero-Faria, José (October 1997). "Variation in pollinator abundance and selection on fragrance phenotypes in an epiphytic orchid". American Journal of Botany. 84 (10): 1383–1390. doi:10.2307/2446136. ISSN 0002-9122. JSTOR 2446136. PMID 21708546.

[7] "Tolumnia | International Plant Names Index".

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