Transvena

Transvena
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Acanthocephala
Class: Palaeacanthocephala
Order: Echinorhynchida
Family: Transvenidae
Genus: Transvena
Pichelin & Cribb, 2001[1]
Species
  • Transvena annulospinosa
  • Transvena pichelinae

Transvena is a genus of acanthocephalans (thorny-headed or spiny-headed parasitic worms) containing a two species, T. annulospinosa and T. pichelinae, which parasitizes vertebrate hosts.

Taxonomy

The genus and its type species, T. annulospinosa, were described by Pichelin & Cribb in 2001.[1] Genetic analysis has been conducted.

Description

Transvena possess a cylindrical trunk and an armed proboscis bearing multiple rows of hooks.

Species

There are two valid species in the genus Transvena.

  • Transvena annulospinosa Pichelin & Cribb, 2001
  • Transvena pichelinae Lisitsyna, Kudlai, Cribb & Smit, 2019[2]

Distribution

The distribution of T. annulospinosa and T. pichelinae depends on that of its vertebrate hosts, as the parasite completes its life cycle within them.

Hosts

Diagram of the life cycle of Acanthocephala
Life cycle of Acanthocephala.[3][a]

The life cycle of an acanthocephalan consists of three stages beginning when an infective acanthor (development of an egg) is released from the intestines of the definitive host and then ingested by an arthropod, the intermediate host. Although the intermediate hosts of Transvena are arthropods. When the acanthor molts, the second stage called the acanthella begins. This stage involves penetrating the wall of the mesenteron or the intestine of the intermediate host and growing. The final stage is the infective cystacanth which is the larval or juvenile state of an Acanthocephalan, differing from the adult only in size and stage of sexual development. The cystacanths within the intermediate hosts are consumed by the definitive host, usually attaching to the walls of the intestines, and as adults they reproduce sexually in the intestines. The acanthor is passed in the feces of the definitive host and the cycle repeats. There may be paratenic hosts (hosts where parasites infest but do not undergo larval development or sexual reproduction) for Transvena.[5]

Transvena parasitizes animals.[1] There are no reported cases of Transvena species infesting humans in the English language medical literature.[4]

Notes

  1. ^ There are no known aberrant human infections for Transvena.[4]

References

  1. ^ a b c Pichelin, S.; Cribb, T. (2001). "The status of the Diplosentidae (Acanthocephala: Palaeacanthocephala) and a new family of acanthocephalans from Australian wrasses (Pisces: Labridae)". Folia Parasitologica. 48 (4): 289–303. doi:10.14411/fp.2001.047. PMID 11817452.
  2. ^ a b Lisitsyna, OL, Kudlai, O, Cribb, TH, & Smit, NJ (2019). Three new species of acanthocephalans (Palaeacanthocephala) from marine fishes collected off the East Coast of South Africa. Folia parasitologica., 66, 1-20.
  3. ^ CDC’s Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria (11 April 2019). "Acanthocephaliasis". www.cdc.gov. Centers for Disease Control. Archived from the original on 8 June 2023. Retrieved 17 July 2023.
  4. ^ a b Mathison, BA; et al. (2021). "Human Acanthocephaliasis: a Thorn in the Side of Parasite Diagnostics". J Clin Microbiol. 59 (11) e02691-20. doi:10.1128/JCM.02691-20. PMC 8525584. PMID 34076470.
  5. ^ Schmidt, G.D. (1985). "Development and life cycles". In Crompton, D.W.T.; Nickol, B.B. (eds.). Biology of the Acanthocephala (PDF). Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. pp. 273–305. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 July 2023. Retrieved 16 July 2023.

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