The phrase Spirit of '69 is used by traditional skinheads to commemorate what they identify as the skinheadsubculture's heyday in 1969. The phrase was popularized by a group of Scottish skinheads called the Glasgow Spy Kids, a play on the Glaswegian pronunciation of spike heads.[3] A skinhead history book entitled Spirit of 69: A Skinhead Bible was written by George Marshall, a skinhead from Glasgow, in the early 1990s.[4]