Tunica externa

Tunica externa
Tunica externa
	Section of a medium-sized artery.
Details
Part of	Wall of blood vessels
Identifiers
Latin	tunica externa, tunica adventitia
TA98	A12.0.00.017
TA2	3920
TH	H3.09.02.0.01009
	Anatomical terminology [edit on Wikidata]

The tunica externa (Neo-Latin "outer coat"), also known as the tunica adventitia (Neo-Latin "additional coat"),^[1]^[2] is the outermost tunica (layer) of a blood vessel, surrounding the tunica media. It is mainly composed of collagen and, in arteries, is supported by external elastic lamina. The collagen serves to anchor the blood vessel to nearby organs, giving it stability.

The three layers of the blood vessels are: an inner tunica intima, a middle tunica media, and an outer tunica externa.

Structure

The tunica externa is made from collagen and elastic fibers in a loose connective tissue.^[1]^[2] This is secreted by fibroblasts.^[1] This is normally the thickest tunic in veins and may be thicker than the tunica media in some larger arteries. The outer layers of the tunica externa are not distinct but rather blend with the surrounding connective tissue outside the vessel, helping to hold the vessel in relative position.^[3]

Function

The tunica externa provides basic structural support to blood vessels.^[1] It prevents vessels from expanding too much from internal blood pressure, particularly arteries.^[2] It is also relevant in controlling vascular flow in the lungs.^[1]

Clinical significance

A common pathological disorder concerning the tunica externa is scurvy, also known as vitamin C deficiency. Scurvy occurs because vitamin C is essential for the synthesis of collagen, and without it, the faulty collagen cannot maintain the vein walls and rupture, leading to a multitude of problems.^{[citation needed]}

Additional images

Transverse section through a small artery and vein of the mucous membrane of the epiglottis of a child. (Tunica adventitia is at 'a'.)
Microphotography of arterial wall with calcified (violet colour) atherosclerotic plaque (H&E stain)

References

This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 499 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Hunt, J. M.; Graham, B. B. (2014-01-01), McManus, Linda M.; Mitchell, Richard N. (eds.), "Pulmonary Hypertension/Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension", Pathobiology of Human Disease, San Diego: Academic Press, pp. 2625–2635, doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-386456-7.05306-5, ISBN 978-0-12-386457-4, retrieved 2020-12-29
^ ^a ^b ^c Maleszewski, J. J.; Lai, C. K.; Veinot, J. P. (2016-01-01), Buja, L. Maximilian; Butany, Jagdish (eds.), "Chapter 1 - Anatomic Considerations and Examination of Cardiovascular Specimens (Excluding Devices)", Cardiovascular Pathology (Fourth Edition), San Diego: Academic Press, pp. 1–56, doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-420219-1.00001-x, ISBN 978-0-12-420219-1, retrieved 2020-12-29
^ This article incorporates text available under the CC BY 4.0 license. Betts, J Gordon; Desaix, Peter; Johnson, Eddie; Johnson, Jody E; Korol, Oksana; Kruse, Dean; Poe, Brandon; Wise, James; Womble, Mark D; Young, Kelly A (June 8, 2023). Anatomy & Physiology. Houston: OpenStax CNX. 20.1 Structure and function of blood vessels. ISBN 978-1-947172-04-3.

External links

Anatomy photo: Circulatory/vessels/vessels7/vessels4 - Comparative Organology at University of California, Davis - "Bird, vessels (LM, High)"

[:0-1] Hunt, J. M.; Graham, B. B. (2014-01-01), McManus, Linda M.; Mitchell, Richard N. (eds.), "Pulmonary Hypertension/Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension", Pathobiology of Human Disease, San Diego: Academic Press, pp. 2625–2635, doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-386456-7.05306-5, ISBN 978-0-12-386457-4, retrieved 2020-12-29

[:1-2] Maleszewski, J. J.; Lai, C. K.; Veinot, J. P. (2016-01-01), Buja, L. Maximilian; Butany, Jagdish (eds.), "Chapter 1 - Anatomic Considerations and Examination of Cardiovascular Specimens (Excluding Devices)", Cardiovascular Pathology (Fourth Edition), San Diego: Academic Press, pp. 1–56, doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-420219-1.00001-x, ISBN 978-0-12-420219-1, retrieved 2020-12-29

[Openstax_Anatomy_&_Physiology_attribution-3] This article incorporates text available under the CC BY 4.0 license. Betts, J Gordon; Desaix, Peter; Johnson, Eddie; Johnson, Jody E; Korol, Oksana; Kruse, Dean; Poe, Brandon; Wise, James; Womble, Mark D; Young, Kelly A (June 8, 2023). Anatomy & Physiology. Houston: OpenStax CNX. 20.1 Structure and function of blood vessels. ISBN 978-1-947172-04-3.

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