Viola cornuta

Viola cornuta
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Malpighiales
Family:	Violaceae
Genus:	Viola
Species:	V. cornuta
Binomial name
	Viola cornuta; L.

Viola cornuta, known as horned pansy^[1] or horned violet, is a species of flowering plant in the violet family Violaceae, native to the Pyrenees and the Cordillera Cantábrica of northern Spain at an altitude of 1,000–2,300 metres (3,300–7,500 ft).^[2] It is a low-growing, clump-forming temperate evergreen perennial, reaching 50 cm (20 in) in height and spread. It has mid-green ovate leaves with rounded teeth, and masses of delicate pale violet flowers in early summer. The flower consists of five strap-shaped petals with a slender spur.^[3]^[4]

This plant,^[5] and the white-flowered Alba Group,^[6] have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.^[7]

It is a known host of the pathogenic fungus Puccinia violae.^[8]

Cultivation

Viola cornuta is hardy to USDA zones 6–11^[9] (hardy in the UK to −15 °C (5 °F)).^[5] Many cultivars are hybrids with Viola × wittrockiana, designated as Viola × williamsii.^[10] Some of these, such as 'King Henry', may be hardy to zone 4.^[11]

References

^ BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
^ F. Muñoz Garmendia; P. Montserrat; M. Laínz & J. J. Aldasoro. "Viola L.". Plumbaginaceae (partim) – Capparaceae (PDF). Flora Iberica. Vol. 3. pp. 276–317. ISBN 978-84-00-08359-5.
^ Fuller, Rodney (1993). Pansies, violas and violettas: the complete guide. United Kingdom: Crowood Press. ISBN 978-1-85223-748-6.
^ Edwards, Ray (1999). Hardy perennials: RHS practicals. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley.
^ ^a ^b "RHS Plant Selector "Viola cornuta"". Retrieved 5 March 2021.
^ "RHS Plant Selector Viola cornuta Alba Group". RHS. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
^ "AGM Plants - Ornamental" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 107. Retrieved 18 February 2019.
^ Helgi Hallgrímsson & Guðríður Gyða Eyjólfsdóttir (2004). Íslenskt sveppatal I - smásveppir [Checklist of Icelandic Fungi I - Microfungi. Fjölrit Náttúrufræðistofnunar. Náttúrufræðistofnun Íslands [Icelandic Institute of Natural History]. ISSN 1027-832X
^ MBG 2020.
^ AGS 2018.
^ DG 2020.