William Henry Grenfell, 1st Baron Desborough, KG,GCVO,DL (30 October 1855 – 9 January 1945) was a British athlete, sportsman, public servant and politician. He sat in the House of Commons first for the Liberal Party and then for the Conservatives between 1880 and 1905 when he was raised to the peerage. He also was President of the Thames Conservancy Board for thirty-two years.
At Harrow, Grenfell was a redoubtable bowler in the school's cricket eleven (1873–74), and whilst at Oxford, he rowed in the Boat Race, in the only dead-heat race against Cambridge in 1877, and in the following year, when he was president of the Oxford University Boat Club, he was in the Oxford crew which won by ten lengths.[1] He was also president of the Oxford University Athletic Club, and it is believed that no other man has been president of both clubs.[1] He was also the first-ever captain of Maidenhead Rowing Club.[1] Furthermore, he combined these exertions with the mastership of the university drag hounds.[1]
Grenfell enjoyed mountaineering, swimming, fishing and big-game hunting. He swam the Niagara rapids twice, rowed across the English Channel, sculled the London-Oxford stretch of the Thames in twenty-two consecutive hours, and when he was a member of the House of Commons he rowed for the Grand Challenge Cup.[1][2] He climbed the Matterhorn by three different routes, and, in one long vacation, within just eight days, he climbed the little Matterhorn, the Matterhorn, Monte Rosa, and the Weisshorn.[1] He loved deer stalking in Scotland, big-game hunting in the Rockies, India, and Africa, and fishing in many countries, being a successful tarpon fisherman off the coast of Florida, where he caught over a hundred tarpon.[1] He was an amateur punting champion of the Upper Thames, winning the Thames punting championship for three consecutive years (1888–90) and then retired with an unbeaten record.[1] He won the silver medal for fencing in the event of team épée at the 1906 Intercalated Games,[3] having been the first person to carry the flag for Great Britain in the parade of nations.[4] In 1908, he was president of the Olympic games held in London.[1]
He was President of the Amateur Fencing Association from its foundation until 1926, Marylebone Cricket Club based at Lords, the Lawn Tennis Association based at Wimbledon, and was president and chairman of the Bath Club from its foundation in 1894 until 1942, and chairman of the Pilgrims of Great Britain from 1919 to 1929.[1] He was also a founder member of Maidenhead Golf Club in Berkshire, formed in 1896. It was the friendship of one local founder member, Dr G E Moore, with Grenfell that really got the project off the ground. Grenfell was the Mayor of Maidenhead in 1895 and 1896 and an extremely wealthy and competent businessman who owned more than 10,000 acres of land around the town. Grenfell offered to lease some of his acreage near Maidenhead Railway Station, which was to become Maidenhead Golf Club and remains so well into its second century. Grenfell became one of the earliest 63 members of the club, and its first president and agreed to present “a challenge cup for competition”. This was the Grenfell Cup which is still in yearly competition.[3] A registered golf tournament survives in his name since 1912 with its top prize being The Desborough Cup.[5]
Desborough was appointed CVO in 1907 and advanced to KCVO in 1908 and GCVO (Knight Grand Cross) in 1925; and in 1928 he was admitted as a Knight Companion of the Order of the Garter. He was a Major of the 1st Battalion, Buckinghamshire Rifle Volunteers from February 1900.[11] In November 1914, he was appointed President of the Central Association of Volunteer Training Corps, a voluntary home defence militia,[12] until it was disbanded in 1920. From 1924 to 1929 he was Captain of the Yeomen of the Guard. Between 1919 and 1929 he was chairman of the Pilgrims of Great Britain. He planned and oversaw the construction of the Desborough Cut, a navigation channel between nearby stretches of the Thames at Walton-on-Thames and Weybridge, which was opened in 1935. The large island created thereby was named Desborough Island.
In 1933 he was one of eleven people[a] involved in the appeal that led to the foundation of the British Trust for Ornithology (BTO), an organisation for the study of birds in the British Isles.[13]
Desborough had the unfortunate distinction of having an obituary prematurely published on 2 December 1920 by The Times, which confused his name with that of Lord Bessborough, who really had died – Desborough died 25 years later at the age of 89.
Family
Lord Desborough married Ethel Fane, daughter of the Hon. Julian Fane and granddaughter of John Fane, 11th Earl of Westmorland, in 1887. They had three sons and two daughters. His eldest son was the poet Julian Grenfell, who was killed in action in 1915. His second son Gerald William Grenfell was also killed, about two months after his elder brother. His third son, Ivo George Grenfell, died in 1926 as the result of a car accident. His daughters were Alexandra Imogen Clair Grenfell (Imogen) (1905–1969) and Monica Margaret Grenfell (1893–1973). As all his sons predeceased him, the barony became extinct. The family lived at Taplow Court, where he and his wife hosted gatherings of the elite and aristocratic group, the 'Souls', adjacent on the riverside to Cliveden, which is a slightly grander country estate, but which saw its social heyday immediately after, from 1920 to 1965. Lady Desborough was a well-known celebrity in her day. Margot Asquith, whose husband would later be politically aligned against Desborough, said of her, "She tells enough white lies to ice a wedding cake".
In 1892, he built a stické tennis court at the house.
He was the owner of Whiteslea Lodge on the Hickling Estate in Norfolk, close to the Hickling Broad.[14] This was the former shooting lodge of Whiteslea Estate and was extensively improved and added to by Lord Desborough in the 1930s. Its interior featured enormous friezes by bird artist Roland Green.