ZF 8HP transmission

ZF 8HP
Automatic Transmission 8HP 70
Overview
Manufacturer	ZF Friedrichshafen
Production	2008–present
Body and chassis
Class	8-speed automatic transmission
Related	GM 8L · Aisin-Toyota 8-speed · MB 9G-Tronic · ZF 9HP
Chronology
Predecessor	ZF 6HP

The ZF 8HP transmission is ZF Friedrichshafen AG's trademark name for its 8-speed automatic transmission models for longitudinal engine applications. The name is short for 8-speed transmission with hydraulic converter and planetary gearsets. Designed and first built by ZF's subsidiary in Saarbrücken, Germany, it debuted in 2008 on the BMW 7 Series (F01) 760Li sedan fitted with the V12 engine. BMW remains a major customer for the transmission.

Another major customer is Stellantis, who both received a license to produce the transmission and set up a joint-venture plant with ZF. Stellantis has built the transmission at its Kokomo Transmission plant since 2013 under their own brand name, the Torqueflite 8.^[1][2] The joint venture plant in Gray Court, South Carolina opened in 2012.^[3]

One of the main aims of the ZF 8HP transmission is to improve vehicle fuel economy with extra speeds. Compared to the six-speed ZF 6HP transmission it uses 12 % less fuel, and 14 % less than a 5-speed transmission.^[4][5] Due to changes in internal design, the shift times have reduced to 200 milliseconds; additionally, the unit brings the ability to shift in a non-sequential manner – going from gear 8 to gear 2 in extreme situations.^[6] In the 8HP 70 version, it has a torque handling limit of 700 N⋅m (516 lb⋅ft), and weighs 87 kg (192 lb).^[7]

First generation 8HP products were released starting in 2010. In addition to the rear-wheel drive variant, two different four-wheel drive versions were available, with a version destined for Volkswagen Group applications using a Torsen centre differential.^[8] It is able to encompass a torque range from 300 N⋅m (221 lb⋅ft) to 1,000 N⋅m (738 lb⋅ft), and is available for use in middle-class cars through to large luxury sport utility vehicles.^[8]

Second generation 8HP products were released starting in 2014. Efficiency improvements over the original design and the first generation include a wider ratio spread of 7.81, reduced drag torque from the shift elements, reduction in required oil pump pressure, and broadened use of the coasting and start-stop systems.^[9] ZF estimated fuel economy improvement over first generation 8HP kits to be 3 %. Refinements were also made with respect to vibration.

Third generation 8HP products were released starting in 2018. Major improvements are total spread of 8.59 and a fuel economy improvement of 2.5 % compared to the second generation. There are several options in maximum torque available, also the gearbox is available with mild hybrid and plug in hybrid options: With 15 kW (20 hp) and 200 N⋅m (148 lb⋅ft) supporting boosting and recuperation in combination with 48 Volt technology up to 90 kW (121 hp) and 250 N⋅m (184 lb⋅ft) for usage with higher voltage.^[10]

Gear Ratios

With Assessment			Planetary Gearset: Teeth[a]				Count	Total[b] Center[c]	Avg.[d]
Model Type	Version First Delivery		S1[e] R1[f]	S2[g] R2[h]	S3[i] R3[j]	S4[k] R4[l]	Brakes Clutches	Ratio Span	Gear Step[m]
Gear Ratio	R ${\displaystyle {i_{R}}}$	1 ${\displaystyle {i_{1}}}$	2 ${\displaystyle {i_{2}}}$	3 ${\displaystyle {i_{3}}}$	4 ${\displaystyle {i_{4}}}$	5 ${\displaystyle {i_{5}}}$	6 ${\displaystyle {i_{6}}}$	7 ${\displaystyle {i_{7}}}$	8 ${\displaystyle {i_{8}}}$
Step[m]	${\displaystyle -{\tfrac {i_{R}}{i_{1}}}}$[n]	${\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{1}}}}$	${\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{2}}}}$[o]	${\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{2}}{i_{3}}}}$	${\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{3}}{i_{4}}}}$	${\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{4}}{i_{5}}}}$	${\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{5}}{i_{6}}}}$	${\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{6}}{i_{7}}}}$	${\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{7}}{i_{8}}}}$
Δ Step[p][q]			${\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{2}}}:{\tfrac {i_{2}}{i_{3}}}}$	${\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{2}}{i_{3}}}:{\tfrac {i_{3}}{i_{4}}}}$	${\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{3}}{i_{4}}}:{\tfrac {i_{4}}{i_{5}}}}$	${\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{4}}{i_{5}}}:{\tfrac {i_{5}}{i_{6}}}}$	${\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{5}}{i_{6}}}:{\tfrac {i_{6}}{i_{7}}}}$	${\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{6}}{i_{7}}}:{\tfrac {i_{7}}{i_{8}}}}$
Shaft Speed	${\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{R}}}}$	${\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{1}}}}$	${\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{2}}}}$	${\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{3}}}}$	${\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{4}}}}$	${\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{5}}}}$	${\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{6}}}}$	${\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{7}}}}$	${\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{8}}}}$
Δ Shaft Speed[r]	${\displaystyle 0-{\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{R}}}}$	${\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{1}}}-0}$	${\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{2}}}-{\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{1}}}}$	${\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{3}}}-{\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{2}}}}$	${\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{4}}}-{\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{3}}}}$	${\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{5}}}-{\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{4}}}}$	${\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{6}}}-{\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{5}}}}$	${\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{7}}}-{\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{6}}}}$	${\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{8}}}-{\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{7}}}}$
8HP 70[s]	700 N⋅m (516 lb⋅ft) 2008		48[11] 96	48[11] 96	69[12] 111	23[12] 85	2 3	7.0435 1.7693	1.3216[m]
Gear Ratio	−3.2968[n] ${\displaystyle -{\tfrac {1,744}{529}}}$	4.6957 ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {108}{23}}}$	3.1304[q] ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {72}{23}}}$	2.1039 ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {162}{77}}}$	1.6667[m][q][r] ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {5}{3}}}$	1.2845[q] ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {8,826}{6,871}}}$	1.0000 ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{1}}}$	0.8392[q][r] ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {120}{143}}}$	0.6667 ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {2}{3}}}$
Step	0.7021[n]	1.0000	1.5000	1.4879	1.2623[m]	1.2975	1.2845	1.1917	1.2587
Δ Step[p]			1.0081[q]	1.1787	0.9729[q]	1.0101[q]	1.0779	0.9467[q]
Speed	-1.4243	1.0000	1.5000	2.2319	2.8174	3.6555	4.6957	5.5957	7.0435
Δ Speed	1.4243	1.0000	0.5000	0.7319	0.5855[r]	0.8382	1.0401	0.9000[r]	1.4478
2010: 1st Generation
8HP 30/I 8HP 45	300 N⋅m (221 lb⋅ft) 450 N⋅m (332 lb⋅ft)		48 96	48 96	60 96	28 104	2 3	7.0714 1.7728	1.3224[m]
Gear Ratio	−3.2952[n] ${\displaystyle -{\tfrac {346}{105}}}$	4.7143 ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {33}{7}}}$	3.1429[q] ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {22}{7}}}$	2.1064 ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {99}{47}}}$	1.6667[m][q][r] ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {5}{3}}}$	1.2854[q] ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {1,171}{911}}}$	1.0000 ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{1}}}$	0.8387[q][r] ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {26}{31}}}$	0.6667 ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {2}{3}}}$
Step	0.6990[n]	1.0000	1.5000	1.4921	1.2638[m]	1.2966	1.2854	1.1923	1.2581
Δ Step[p]			1.0053[q]	1.1805	0.9747[q]	1.0087[q]	1.0781	0.9477[q]
Speed	-1.4306	1.0000	1.5000	2.2381	2.8286	3.6576	4.7143	5.6209	7.0714
Δ Speed	1.4306	1.0000	0.5000	0.7381	0.5905[r]	0.8390	1.0467	0.9066[r]	1.45058
8HP 55 8HP 65 8HP 70 8HP 90	650 N⋅m (479 lb⋅ft) 650 N⋅m (479 lb⋅ft) 700 N⋅m (516 lb⋅ft) 900 N⋅m (664 lb⋅ft)		48 [11][13] 96	48 [11][13] 96	69 111	28 104	2 3	7.0714 1.7728	1.3224[m]
Gear Ratio	−3.3168[n] ${\displaystyle -{\tfrac {534}{161}}}$	4.7143 ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {33}{7}}}$	3.1429[q] ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {22}{7}}}$	2.1064 ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {99}{47}}}$	1.6667[m][q][r] ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {5}{3}}}$	1.2847[q] ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {5,397}{4,201}}}$	1.0000 ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{1}}}$	0.8392[q][r] ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {120}{143}}}$	0.6667 ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {2}{3}}}$
Step	0.7036[n]	1.0000	1.5000	1.4921	1.2638[m]	1.2973	1.2847	1.1917	1.2587
Δ Step[p]			1.0053[q]	1.1806	0.9742[q]	1.0098[q]	1.0781	0.9467[q]
Speed	-1.4213	1.0000	1.5000	2.2381	2.8286	3.6696	4.7143	5.6179	7.0714
Δ Speed	1.4243	1.0000	0.5000	0.7381	0.5905[r]	0.8410	1.0447	0.9036[r]	1.4536
2014: 2nd Generation
8HP 75/I[14]	740 N⋅m (546 lb⋅ft)		48 96	48 96	69 111	28 104	2 3	7.0714 1.7728	1.3224[m]
Ratio	−3.3168[n]	4.7143	3.1429[q]	2.1064	1.6667[m][q][r]	1.2847[q]	1.0000	0.8392[q][r]	0.6667
8HP 30/II[14] 8HP 50[14]	300 N⋅m (221 lb⋅ft) 500 N⋅m (369 lb⋅ft)		48 96	54 96	60 96	24 96	2 3	7.8125 1.7889	1.3413[m]
Gear Ratio	−3.4560[n] ${\displaystyle -{\tfrac {432}{125}}}$	5.0000 ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {5}{1}}}$	3.2000[q] ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {16}{5}}}$	2.1429 ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {15}{7}}}$	1.7200[m][q][r] ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {43}{25}}}$	1.3139[q] ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {1,507}{1,147}}}$	1.0000 ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{1}}}$	0.8221[q][r] ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {208}{253}}}$	0.6400 ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {16}{25}}}$
Step	0.6912[n]	1.0000	1.5625	1.4933	1.2458[m]	1.3091	1.3139	1.2163	1.2846
Δ Step[p]			1.0463[q]	1.1986	0.9517[q]	0.9964[q]	1.0802	0.9469[q]
Speed	-1.4468	1.0000	1.5625	2.3333	2.9070	3.8056	5.0000	6.0817	7.8125
Δ Speed	1.4468	1.0000	0.5625	0.7708	0.5736[r]	0.8986	1.1944	1.0817[r]	1.7308
8HP 75/II[14] 8HP 95[t]	740 N⋅m (546 lb⋅ft) 900 N⋅m (664 lb⋅ft)		48 96	54 96	69 111	24 96	2 3	7.8125 1.7889	1.3413[m]
Gear Ratio	−3.4783[n] ${\displaystyle -{\tfrac {80}{23}}}$	5.0000 ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {5}{1}}}$	3.2000[q] ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {16}{5}}}$	2.1429 ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {15}{7}}}$	1.7200[m][q][r] ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {43}{25}}}$	1.3131[q] ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {2,315}{1,763}}}$	1.0000 ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{1}}}$	0.8226[q][r] ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {320}{389}}}$	0.6400 ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {16}{25}}}$
Step	0.6957[n]	1.0000	1.5625	1.4933	1.2458[m]	1.3099	1.3131	1.2156	1.2853
Δ Step[p]			1.0463[q]	1.1986	0.9511[q]	0.9975[q]	1.0802	0.9458[q]
Speed	-1.4375	1.0000	1.5625	2.3333	2.9070	3.8078	5.0000	6.0781	7.8125
Δ Speed	1.4375	1.0000	0.5625	0.7708	0.5736[r]	0.9008	1.1922	1.0781[r]	1.7344
2018: 3rd Generation
8HP 76/I[u]	760 N⋅m (561 lb⋅ft)		48 96	54 96	69 111	24 96	2 3	7.8125 1.7889	1.3413[m]
Ratio	−3.4783[n]	5.0000	3.2000[q]	2.1429	1.7200[m][q][r]	1.3131[q]	1.0000	0.8226[q][r]	0.6400
8HP 30/III[v] 8HP 51[w]	300 N⋅m (221 lb⋅ft) 500 N⋅m (369 lb⋅ft)		48 96	54 96	60 96	24 102	2 3	8.2031 1.8330	1.3507[m]
Gear Ratio	−3.7120[n] ${\displaystyle -{\tfrac {464}{125}}}$	5.2500 ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {21}{4}}}$	3.3600[q] ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {84}{25}}}$	2.1724 ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {63}{29}}}$	1.7200[m][q][r] ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {43}{25}}}$	1.3161[q] ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {6,371}{4,841}}}$	1.0000 ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{1}}}$	0.8221[q][r] ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {208}{253}}}$	0.6400 ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {16}{25}}}$
Step	0.7070[n]	1.0000	1.5625	1.5467	1.2630[m]	1.3069	1.3161	1.2163	1.2846
Δ Step[p]			1.0102[q]	1.2246	0.9664[q]	0.9931[q]	1.0820	0.9469[q]
Speed	-1.4143	1.0000	1.5625	2.4167	3.0523	3.9892	5.2500	6.3858	8.2031
Δ Speed	1.4143	1.0000	0.5625	0.8542	0.6357[r]	0.9369	1.2608	1.1358[r]	1.8173
8HP 76/II[x] 8HP 80[y]	760 N⋅m (561 lb⋅ft) 800 N⋅m (590 lb⋅ft)		48 96	54 96	69 111	24 108	2 3	8.5938 1.8762	1.3597[m]
Gear Ratio	−3.9930[n] ${\displaystyle -{\tfrac {2,296}{575}}}$	5.5000 ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {11}{2}}}$	3.5200[q] ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {88}{25}}}$	2.2000 ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {11}{5}}}$	1.7200[m][q][r] ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {43}{25}}}$	1.3172[q] ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {191}{145}}}$	1.0000 ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{1}}}$	0.8226[q][r] ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {320}{389}}}$	0.6400 ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {16}{25}}}$
Step	0.7260[n]	1.0000	1.5625	1.6000	1.2791[m]	1.3058	1.3172	1.2156	1.2853
Δ Step[p]			0.9766[q]	1.2509	0.9796[q]	0.9913[q]	1.0836	0.9458[q]
Speed	-1.3774	1.0000	1.5625	2.5000	3.1977	4.1754	5.5000	6.6859	8.5938
Δ Speed	1.3774	1.0000	0.5625	0.9375	0.6977[r]	0.9777	1.3246	1.1859[r]	1.8321
2016: Racing Cars
8P 45R[z]	450 N⋅m (332 lb⋅ft) up to 1,050 N⋅m (774 lb⋅ft)[20]		TBD	TBD	60 96	TBD	2 3	4.2000 TBD	1.2275[m]
Ratio	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	1.0000	TBD	TBD
2017: Commercial Vehicles[aa]
8AP 600 T[ab] 8AP 800 T 8AP 1000 T 8AP 1200 T	600 N⋅m (443 lb⋅ft) 800 N⋅m (590 lb⋅ft) 1,000 N⋅m (738 lb⋅ft) 1,200 N⋅m (885 lb⋅ft)[ac]		65[ad] 115	65[ad] 115	62 122	27 105	2 3	7.6522 1.7673	1.3374[m]
Gear Ratio	−4.2501[n] ${\displaystyle -{\tfrac {10,672}{2,511}}}$	4.8889 ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {44}{9}}}$	3.1235[q] ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {253}{81}}}$	2.0334 ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {1,584}{779}}}$	1.6389[m][q][r] ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {59}{36}}}$	1.2541[q] ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {123,164}{98,209}}}$	1.0000 ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{1}}}$	0.8400[q][r] ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {2,116}{2,519}}}$	0.6389 ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {23}{36}}}$
Step	0.8693[n]	1.0000	1.5652	1.5361	1.2407[m]	1.3068	1.2541	1.1905	1.3148
Δ Step[p]			1.0190[q]	1.2381	0.9494[q]	1.0420[q]	1.0535	0.9054[q]
Speed	-1.1503	1.0000	1.5652	2.4043	2.9831	3.8983	4.8889	5.8200	7.6522
Δ Speed	1.1503	1.0000	0.5652	0.8391	0.5787[r]	0.9153	0.9906	0.9311[r]	1.8322
8AP 1200 S [ae]	1,200 N⋅m (885 lb⋅ft)[ac]		65[ad] 115	65[ad] 115	65[ad] 115	27 105	2 3	7.6522 1.7673	1.3374[m]
Gear Ratio	−3.7569[n] ${\displaystyle -{\tfrac {3,956}{1,053}}}$	4.8889 ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {44}{9}}}$	3.1235[q] ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {253}{81}}}$	2.0334 ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {1,584}{779}}}$	1.6389[m][q][r] ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {59}{36}}}$	1.2676[q] ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {49,572}{39,107}}}$	1.0000 ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{1}}}$	0.8305[q][r] ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {828}{997}}}$	0.6389 ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {23}{36}}}$
Step	0.7685[n]	1.0000	1.5652	1.5361	1.2407[m]	1.2929	1.2676	1.2041	1.2999
Δ Step[p]			1.0190[q]	1.2381	0.9596[q]	1.0200[q]	1.0527	0.9263[q]
Speed	-1.3013	1.0000	1.5652	2.4043	2.9831	3.8568	4.8889	5.8867	7.6522
Δ Speed	1.3013	1.0000	0.5652	0.8391	0.5787[r]	0.8738	1.0321	0.9979[r]	1.7654
Ratio R & Even	${\displaystyle i_{R}={\tfrac {R_{2}(S_{3}S_{4}-R_{3}R_{4})}{S_{3}S_{4}(S_{2}+R_{2})}}}$		${\displaystyle i_{2}={\tfrac {R_{2}(S_{4}+R_{4})}{(S_{2}+R_{2})S_{4}}}}$		${\displaystyle i_{4}=1+{\tfrac {S_{2}R_{1}}{S_{1}(S_{2}+R_{2})}}}$		${\displaystyle i_{6}={\tfrac {1}{1}}}$	${\displaystyle i_{8}={\tfrac {R_{2}}{S_{2}+R_{2}}}}$
Ratio Odd	${\displaystyle i_{1}={\tfrac {S_{4}+R_{4}}{S_{4}}}}$		${\displaystyle {\tfrac {(S_{1}+R_{1})(S_{4}+R_{4})}{S_{4}R_{1}+S_{1}(S_{4}+R_{4})}}}$		${\displaystyle {\tfrac {S_{1}R_{2}R_{4}(S_{3}+R_{3})+S_{2}S_{3}(S_{1}+R_{1})(S_{4}+R_{4})}{S_{1}R_{4}(S_{3}(S_{2}+R_{2})+R_{2}R_{3})+S_{2}S_{3}S_{4}(S_{1}+R_{1})}}}$			${\displaystyle {\tfrac {R_{2}(S_{3}+R_{3})}{R_{2}(S_{3}+R_{3})+S_{2}S_{3}}}}$
Algebra And Actuated Shift Elements[af]
Brake A[ag]	❶	❶	❶					❶	❶
Brake B[ah]	❶	❶	❶	❶	❶	❶
Clutch C[ai]		❶		❶		❶	❶	❶
Clutch D[aj]	❶				❶	❶	❶	❶	❶
Clutch E[ak]			❶	❶	❶		❶		❶
^ Layout Input and output are on opposite sides Planetary gearset 1 is on the input (turbine) side Input shafts are C2 and, if actuated, R3 and S4 Output shaft is C4 (planetary gear carrier of gearset 4) ^ Total Ratio Span (Total Ratio Spread · Total Gear Ratio) ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{n}}{i_{1}}}}$ A wider span enables the downspeeding when driving outside the city limits increase the climbing ability when driving over mountain passes or off-road or when towing a trailer ^ Ratio Span's Center ${\displaystyle (i_{n}i_{1})^{\tfrac {1}{2}}}$ The center indicates the speed level of the transmission Together with the final drive ratio it gives the shaft speed level of the vehicle ^ Average Gear Step ${\displaystyle ({\tfrac {i_{n}}{i_{1}}})^{\tfrac {1}{n-1}}}$ With decreasing step width the gears connect better to each other shifting comfort increases ^ Sun 1: sun gear of gearset 1 ^ Ring 1: ring gear of gearset 1 ^ Sun 2: sun gear of gearset 2 ^ Ring 2: ring gear of gearset 2 ^ Sun 3: sun gear of gearset 3 ^ Ring 3: ring gear of gearset 3 ^ Sun 4: sun gear of gearset 4 ^ Ring 4: ring gear of gearset 4 ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah Standard 50:50 — 50 % Is Above And 50 % Is Below The Average Gear Step — With steadily decreasing gear steps (yellow highlighted line Step) and a particularly large step from 1st to 2nd gear the lower half of the gear steps (between the small gears; rounded down, here the first 3) is always larger and the upper half of the gear steps (between the large gears; rounded up, here the last 4) is always smaller than the average gear step (cell highlighted yellow two rows above on the far right) lower half: smaller gear steps are a waste of possible ratios (red bold) upper half: larger gear steps are unsatisfactory (red bold) ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Standard R:1 — Reverse And 1st Gear Have The Same Ratio — The ideal reverse gear has the same transmission ratio as 1st gear no impairment when maneuvering especially when towing a trailer a torque converter can only partially compensate for this deficiency Plus 11.11 % minus 10 % compared to 1st gear is good Plus 25 % minus 20 % is acceptable (red) Above this is unsatisfactory (bold) ^ Standard 1:2 — Gear Step 1st To 2nd Gear As Small As Possible — With continuously decreasing gear steps (yellow marked line Step) the largest gear step is the one from 1st to 2nd gear, which for a good speed connection and a smooth gear shift must be as small as possible A gear ratio of up to 1.6667:1 (5:3) is good Up to 1.7500:1 (7:4) is acceptable (red) Above is unsatisfactory (bold) ^ a b c d e f g h i j From large to small gears (from right to left) ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc Standard STEP — From Large To Small Gears: Steady And Progressive Increase In Gear Steps — Gear steps should increase: Δ Step (first green highlighted line Δ Step) is always greater than 1 As progressive as possible: Δ Step is always greater than the previous step Not progressively increasing is acceptable (red) Not increasing is unsatisfactory (bold) ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao Standard SPEED — From Small To Large Gears: Steady Increase In Shaft Speed Difference — Shaft speed differences should increase: Δ Shaft Speed (second line marked in green Δ (Shaft) Speed) is always greater than the previous one 1 difference smaller than the previous one is acceptable (red) 2 consecutive ones are a waste of possible ratios (bold) ^ without generation designation ^ Der neue BMW M760 Li xDrive · BMW Medieninformation Deutschland (The new BMW M760 Li xDrive · BMW Media Information Germany) · 02/2016 · p. 23 · and Der neue BMW M760 Li xDrive · Technische Daten · BMW Medieninformation Oesterreich (The new BMW M760 Li xDrive · Technical Specifications · BMW Media Information Austria) · 01/2017 · p. 2 · 800 N⋅m (590 lb⋅ft)[15][14] ^ narrow total ratio span · preferebly for petrol engines, sports cars, and high performance engines · Alpina B3 Saloon AWD · Technical Data · 730 N⋅m (538 lb⋅ft)[16][14] ^ Technical specifications · The new BMW 3 Series Sedan · BMW Media Information · 03/2019 · p. 2: BMW 320i Sedan · 300 N⋅m (221 lb⋅ft)[17][14] ^ loc. cit. · p. 10: BMW M340i xDrive Sedan · 500 N⋅m (369 lb⋅ft)[17][14] ^ wide total ratio span · preferebly for Diesel engines, offroad cars, and low performance engines · loc. cit. · p. 18: BMW 330d Sedan · 580 N⋅m (428 lb⋅ft)[17][14] and Alpina D3 S Saloon AWD · Technical Data · 730 N⋅m (538 lb⋅ft)[18] ^ wide total ratio span · preferebly for Diesel engines, offroad cars, and low performance engines · Alpina XB7 AWD · Technical Data · 800 N⋅m (590 lb⋅ft)[19] ^ w/o hydraulic torque converter · narrow total ratio span of 4.2[20] ^ based on the same gearset concept as the 8HP transmissions[21][22] ^ Automatic Powershift Transmission for Trucks[23] ^ a b higher torque on demand[24] ^ a b c d e 65/115 or 52/92[24][25] ^ Automatic Powershift Transmission for Special vehicles[25][26] ^ Permanently coupled elements S1 and S2 C1 (carrier 1) and R4 R2 and S3 R3 and S4 ^ Blocks S1 and S2 ^ Blocks R1 ^ Couples R3 and S4 with the turbine ^ Couples C3 (carrier 1) with C4 (carrier 4) ^ Couples R2 and S3 with R3 and S4

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