Isotopar
Ein isotopur er eitt frumevni sum í síni kjarnu hevur eitt ólíkt tal av neutronir í mun til protonir til dømis frumevni karbon finnist vanliga sum karbon-12 ið hevur 6 protonir og 6 neutronir, men tað finnist eisini karbon-13 (6 protonir 7 neutronir) og karbon-14 (6 protonoro 8 neutronir). Isotopar av einum frumevni kunnu vera í ójavnva og henfalla við millum annað at útsenda vandamikla stráling ella partiklar - hetta er væl kent fyri t.d. uranium-238 ið hevur 92 protonir og 146 neutronir. Fyri at áseta hvussu sannlíkt tað er at ein isotopur ferð at henfalla nevnir man ofta teirra hálveringstíð.
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