Heptose

Structure de sédoheptulose, un heptose.

Un heptose est un ose possédant sept atomes de carbone. On rencontre la forme D de ces composés dans les lipopolysaccharides des parois bactériennes. Ils ont tous la même formule brute C7H14O7 et possèdent tous un groupe carbonyle :

Ces heptoses possèdent cinq atomes de carbone asymétriques, il existe seize paires d'énantiomères, diastéréoisomères entre elles. Parmi celles-ci, on peut citer :

   CH=O                     CH=O                    
   |                        |                        
  HC-OH                  HO-CH                 
   |                        |                       
HO-CH                      HC-OH                   
   |                        |                       
HO-CH                      HC-OH                      
   |                        |                      
  HC-OH                  HO-CH                   
   |                        |                       
  HC-OH                  HO-CH                   
   |                        |                       
   CH2OH                    CH2OH                   
D-mannoheptose         L-mannoheptose
   CH=O                     CH=O                    
   |                        |                        
HO-CH                      HC-OH                   
   |                        |                       
HO-CH                      HC-OH                   
   |                        |                       
  HC-OH                  HO-CH                     
   |                        |                      
HO-CH                      HC-OH                   
   |                        |                       
HO-CH                      HC-OH                   
   |                        |                       
   CH2OH                    CH2OH                   
L-glucoheptose         D-glucoheptose

Les cétoheptoses possèdent quatre atomes de carbone asymétriques, soit huit paires d'énantiomères, diastéréoisomères entre elles. Les cétoheptones avec le groupe cétone en position 2 sont :

   CH2OH                    CH2OH                   CH2OH                    CH2OH 
   |                        |                       |                        | 
   C=O                      C=O                     C=O                      C=O
   |                        |                       |                        |
HO-CH                    HO-CH                     HC-OH                  HO-CH 
   |                        |                       |                        |
  HC-OH                  HO-CH                     HC-OH                  HO-CH
   |                        |                       |                        |
  HC-OH                    HC-OH                   HC-OH                  HO-CH
   |                        |                       |                        |
  HC-OH                    HC-OH                   HC-OH                    HC-OH
   |                        |                       |                        |
   CH2OH                    CH2OH                   CH2OH                    CH2OH
D-altroheptulose          D-mannoheptulose        D-alloheptulose        D-taloheptulose

Notes et références

  1. (en) Peter M. Collins, Dictionary of carbohydrates, Boca Raton, CRC Press, , 1282 p. (ISBN 0-8493-3829-8), p. 607.
  2. Mannoheptulose, sur MeSH.

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