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SPOT-1

SPOT-1
Description de l'image Satellite Spot 1 Musee du Bourget P1020363.JPG.
Données générales
Organisation CNES
Programme Spot
Domaine Observation terrestre
Autres noms Système probatoire d'observation de la Terre - 1
Lancement à 01:44 UTC
Lanceur Ariane 1
Désorbitage
Identifiant COSPAR 1986-019A
Caractéristiques techniques
Masse au lancement 1 750 kg
Orbite
Orbite Orbite polaire, actuellement désorbité
Périapside 815 km
Apoapside 829,6 km
Période de révolution 101,4 min
Inclinaison 98,7°
Excentricité 0,001013

SPOT-1 (Satellite Pour l'Observation de la Terre-1) est un satellite civil d'observation de la Terre français, le premier exemplaire de la famille SPOT.

Développement

Caractéristiques techniques

Lancement et exploitation commerciale

Vue de Tchernobyl le 1er mai 1986 (première image commercialisée)

Il a été lancé le par la fusée Ariane 1[1]. Après la phase d'essai, c'est l'accident de Tchernobyl () qui provoquera sa mise en exploitation commerciale pour fournir à la presse les premières images de la catastrophe. Originellement conçu pour une mission de trois ans, il a fourni pendant 17 ans plus de 2,7 millions de photos de la planète[1].

Fin de vie et désorbitation

Déclin d'orbite de SPOT-1 de 1986 à 2021

Du 17 au , il est désorbité par l'équipe du Centre spatial de Toulouse en passant d'une orbite quasi circulaire de 830 x 815 kilomètres à une orbite elliptique de 800 x 584 kilomètres. Cette descente d'orbite aurait dû permettre de réduire sa durée de satellisation de plus de 200 ans à environ 18 ans[2], contribuant au nettoyage de l'espace terrestre[1]. Il s'avère néanmoins que la traînée atmosphérique est trop faible à cette altitude pour atteindre cet objectif, le satellite n'ayant perdu passé ce délai qu'environ 30 kilomètres à son apogée et 10 kilomètres à son périgée.

Références

  1. a b et c CNES, « Pour un Espace propre : le CNES donne l'exemple avec la désorbitation de SPOT 1 », sur cnes.fr, (consulté le )
  2. Secrétariat des Nations Unies, « Renseignements fournis conformément à la Convention sur l’immatriculation des objets lancés dans l’espace extra-atmosphérique », sur unoosa.org, (consulté le )

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