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Datore di lavoro

Il datore di lavoro, nell'ambito di un rapporto di lavoro, è una delle parti del contratto di lavoro subordinato. Requisito caratterizzante è quello di avere alle proprie dipendenze un lavoratore subordinato. Ciò non di meno, generalmente il datore di lavoro non è assimilabile, come spesso si crede, a una persona fisica (tipo una ditta individuale o chiunque all'infuori di attività professionale), esistendo datori di lavoro con personalità giuridica: imprese, società, enti pubblici.

Il datore di lavoro può essere anche un individuo all'infuori di attività d'impresa: si pensi al datore di lavoro domestico, cioè colui che ha alle proprie dipendenze, ad esempio, una colf. La sua posizione è molto complessa per la compresenza di situazioni attive e passive, di diritti e obblighi corrisposti e correlati con quelli del lavoratore. La loro forma è del tutto libera potendo assumere sia la forma orale sia quella scritta attraverso l'emanazione di circolari o ordini di servizio.

Non è necessario porre in essere particolari forme o atti per essere datore di lavoro, salvo quanto previsto dalla legge.

Poteri del datore di lavoro

Il complesso dei poteri del datore di lavoro viene sintetizzato nell'espressione potere direttivo, che consiste in un insieme di facoltà nei confronti dei lavoratori subordinati:

Obblighi del datore di lavoro

Italia

In Italia gli obblighi del datore di lavoro nei confronti dei lavoratori subordinati o parasubordinati sono essenzialmente:

  • Obbligo di corrispondere il trattamento economico e normativo dovuto: e cioè la retribuzione (art. 2099 c.c.), con i relativi accessori, e di provvedere agli obblighi previdenziali e assistenziali previsti dalla legge e dal contratto collettivo;
  • Obbligo di garantire la sicurezza sul lavoro;
  • Obbligo di informazione e formazione nei confronti del prestatore di lavoro (al quale devono essere comunicati qualifica, mansioni, periodi di ferie, prospetto paga, ecc.), e nei confronti del sindacato che deve essere informato non solamente sul rapporto di lavoro in corso di svolgimento, ma anche sulla gestione complessiva dell'impresa;
  • Obbligo di nominare il medico competente nei casi in cui la legge preveda la sorveglianza sanitaria obbligatoria per i lavoratori a rischio, ai sensi del testo unico sulla sicurezza nei luoghi di lavoro (D. Lgs. n. 81/2008, art. 18, comma 1, lett. a)).

Voci correlate

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