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Film epico

L'epico è un genere cinematografico caratterizzato da un utilizzo del dramma su larga scala, tendenzialmente con storie d'amore come sfondo.

La produzione di questi film è spesso associata ad un'alta spesa preventiva, che comporta anche un rischio di recessione e fallimento per gli studi finanziatori in caso di flop. Nel cast tecnico compaiono spesso e volentieri registi, sceneggiatori, musicisti e montatori molto noti, e in quello artistico attori di un certo calibro, capaci di portare il peso di una grande interpretazione.

Condivide in similitudine con il poema epico temi profondi quali l'amore, l'odio e la guerra, ed è per questo considerato un suo derivato.

Caratteristiche

A caratterizzare il genere è il riferimento a lunghi avvenimenti (ad es. conflitti come la Guerra del Vietnam), ma nell'arco della storia viene spesso inserita una storia d'amore. All'epico vengono associati talvolta film di fantascienza e fantastici; i concetti portanti della storia sono solitamente il destino e il cambiamento interno del protagonista.

La popolarità del film epico ha raggiunto il suo apice durante gli anni 1960 quando l'industria cinematografica di Hollywood e Cinecittà si sono unite nella produzione del genere.[1]

Le pellicole considerate protagoniste del "boom" sono Cleopatra, La caduta dell'Impero romano e Il dottor Živago.

L'epico continua ad essere una risorsa lucrosa ancora oggi anche se le grandi produzioni degli anni Cinquanta e Sessanta, caratterizzate dall'uso di migliaia di comparse, sono oggi rimpiazzate dagli effetti speciali che permettono tra l'altro l'animazione di personaggi virtuali.

Il genere è stato anche allargato a film cult del crimine come Il padrino e Scarface. Il critico e sceneggiatore Roger Ebert definì così il genere epico:[2]

(EN)

«The word epic in recent years has become synonymous with big budget B picture. What you realize watching Lawrence of Arabia is that the word epic refers not to the cost or the elaborate production, but to the size of the ideas and vision. Werner Herzog's 'Aguirre: The Wrath of God' didn't cost as much as the catering in 'Pearl Harbor,' but it is an epic, and 'Pearl Harbor' is not.»

(IT)

«La parola epico negli ultimi anni è diventata sinonimo di "grande spesa, grande film". Quando vedi Lawrence d'Arabia a cosa pensi? L'epico non si riferisce alla difficile elaborazione o alla costosa produzione, ma al grado della sua visione e dimensione storica. L'Aguirre, furore di Dio di Werner Herzog non costò più del catering di Pearl Harbor, eppure è [un film] epico, Pearl Harbor non lo è.»

Sottogeneri

Popolarità

L'epico è sempre stato un genere in grado di ottenere riconoscimenti, buona critica e soprattutto un vasto pubblico.

Molti dei film che hanno rilevato il più alto numero di incassi appartengono al genere epico.[3] Classico esempio è Titanic, che ha contribuito a rilanciare il genere incassando circa 2,2 miliardi di $ in tutto il mondo, posizionandosi come il film che ha registrato il più alto numero di incassi nella storia del cinema[4], prima dell'avvento di Avatar. Altro film, appartenente all'epico romantico è Via col vento, che all'epoca dell'uscita incassò 1,3 miliardi nei soli Stati Uniti d'America.[3]

Note

  1. ^ allmovie, Explore by genre:Epic, allmovieg, 12 luglio 2008. URL consultato il 12 luglio 2008.
  2. ^ Roger Ebert, Lawrence of Arabia (1962), in Great Movies, suntimes.com, 2 settembre 2001. URL consultato il 10 ottobre 2008 (archiviato dall'url originale il 4 settembre 2005).
  3. ^ a b Box Office Mojo, All Time Box Office Adjusted for Ticket Price Inflation, su boxofficemojo.com, Box Office Mojo. URL consultato il 12 luglio 2007.
  4. ^ Box Office Mojo, All Time Box Worldwide Box Office Grosses, su boxofficemojo.com, Box Office Mojo. URL consultato il 12 luglio 2007.

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