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Richmond, Walter (2013). “A Pawn in the Great Game”. The Circassian Genocide. Genocide, Political Violence, Human Rights. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press. p. 50. ISBN9780813560694. https://books.google.com/books?id=LHlwZwpA70cC. "[...] Urquhart claims to have met fifteen tribal leaders and nearly two hundred village chiefs, designed the Circassian flag, and helped them draft a petition to London for assistance."
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Bashqawi, Adel (2017). “The Circassian Flag, the Homeland, the Circassian Identity”. Circassia: Born to Be Free. Xlibris Corporation. ISBN9781543447651. https://books.google.com/books?id=iVM6DwAAQBAJ. "In other narratives about the construction of the Circassian flag, the green flag contains twelve golden stars and three golden crossed arrows pointing upwards, which was originally created when a number of tribes agreed on a union in the 1830s and the flag was designed and drawn by the Scotsman David Urquhart during that same period."