マルティン=レーフは、統計理論への革新的なアプローチを開発した。彼の論文「乱数表について("On Tables of Random Numbers)」において、アンドレイ・コルモゴロフは、無限列の極限特性に関する頻度確率(frequency probability)概念は、ただ有限個の標本についてだけ考慮する統計学の基礎にはならないという意見を述べた[17]。統計学におけるマルティン=レーフの仕事の多くは、有限標本ベースの統計学の基盤を提供している。
マルティン=レーフは数理論理学の分野で長年研究を行ってきた。1968年から69年まで、シカゴ大学にて准教授として働いた。彼はそこでウィリアム・アルヴィン・ハワード(William Alvin Howard)と出会い、カリー=ハワード同型対応に関連する問題について議論し合った。マルティン=レーフの最初の型理論に関する草稿が発表されたのは1971年にまで遡る。この非可述的な理論はジャン=イヴ・ジラールのシステムFを一般化したものであった。しかしながら、このシステムはジラールのパラドックスによって矛盾していることがシステムUとシステムFの矛盾した拡張を研究しているジラールによって発見された。この経験はマルティン=レーフに型理論の哲学的基盤を開発することに導いた。すなわち、意味説明、1984年のBibliopolisの本で提示された述語的型理論の正当化を行う証明論的意味論の形式、次第に哲学的となるテキストの数を増やしていった。そのようなテキストの中で影響を与えたものとしては「On the Meanings of the Logical Constants and the Justifications of the Logical Laws」がある。
^George A. Barnard, "Gone Birdwatching", New Scientist, 4 December 1999, magazine issue 2215.
^S. M. Taylor (1966). “Recent Quantitative Work on British Bird Populations. A Review”. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series D16 (=No. 2): 119–170. JSTOR2986734.
^Martin-Löf, P. The continuity theorem on a locally compact group. Teor. Verojatnost. i Primenen. 10 1965 367–371.
^Martin-Löf, Per Probability theory on discrete semigroups. Z. Wahrscheinlichkeitstheorie und Verw. Gebiete 4 1965 78–102
^Nitis Mukhopadhyay. A Conversation with Ulf Grenander. Statist. Sci. Volume 21, Number 3 (2006), 404–426.
^ abAndrei N. Kolmogorov (1963). “On Tables of Random Numbers”. Sankhyā Ser. A.25: 369–375.
^Rolf Sundberg. 1971. Maximum likelihood theory and applications for distributions generated when observing a function of an exponential family variable. Dissertation, Institute for Mathematical Statistics, Stockholm University.
^Anders Martin-Löf. 1963. "Utvärdering av livslängder i subnanosekundsområdet" ("Evaluation of lifetimes in time-lengths below one nanosecond"). ("Sundberg formula")
^Per Martin-Löf. 1966. Statistics from the point of view of statistical mechanics. Lecture notes, Mathematical Institute, Aarhus University. ("Sundberg formula" credited to Anders Martin-Löf).
^Per Martin-Löf. 1970. Statistika Modeller (Statistical Models): Anteckningar fran seminarier läsåret 1969–1970 (Notes from seminars in the academic year 1969–1970), with the assistance of Rolf Sundberg. Stockholm University. ("Sundberg formula")
^Dempster, A.P.; Laird, N.M.; Rubin, D.B. (1977). “Maximum Likelihood from Incomplete Data via the EM Algorithm”. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B39 (1): 1–38. JSTOR2984875. MR0501537.
^Per Martin-Löf, "Analytic and synthetic judgements in type theory" inPaolo Parrini(ed.), Kant and Contemporary Epistemology, Kluwer, 1994, pp. 87-99 (ISBN 0792326814).
参考文献
野鳥観察と欠測データ
Per Martin-Löf (1961). “Mortality rate calculations on ringed birds with special reference to the Dunlin Calidris alpina”. Arkiv för Zoologi (Zoology Files), Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademien (The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences) Serie 2Band 13 (21).
Anders Martin-Löf (1963), Utvärdering av livslängder i subnanosekundsområdet ("Evaluation of lifetimes in time-lengths below one nanosecond") ("Sundberg formula", according to Sundberg 1971)
Per Martin-Löf (1966), “Statistics from the point of view of statistical mechanics”, Lecture notes, Mathematical Institute, Aarhus University ("Sundberg formula" credited to Anders Martin-Löf, according to Sundberg 1971)
Per Martin-Löf. 1970. Statistika Modeller (Statistical Models): Anteckningar fran seminarier läsåret 1969–1970 (Notes from seminars in the academic year 1969–1970), with the assistance of Rolf Sundberg. Stockholm University.
Martin-Löf, P. "Exact tests, confidence regions and estimates", with a discussion by A. W. F. Edwards, G. A. Barnard, D. A. Sprott, O. Barndorff-Nielsen, D. Basu and G. Rasch. Proceedings of Conference on Foundational Questions in Statistical Inference (Aarhus, 1973), pp. 121–138. Memoirs, No. 1, Dept. Theoret. Statist., Inst. Math., Univ. Aarhus, Aarhus, 1974.
Martin-Löf, P. Repetitive structures and the relation between canonical and microcanonical distributions in statistics and statistical mechanics. With a discussion by D. R. Cox and G. Rasch and a reply by the author. Proceedings of Conference on Foundational Questions in Statistical Inference (Aarhus, 1973), pp. 271–294. Memoirs, No. 1, Dept. Theoret. Statist., Inst. Math., Univ. Aarhus, Aarhus, 1974.
Martin-Löf, P. The notion of redundancy and its use as a quantitative measure of the deviation between a statistical hypothesis and a set of observational data. With a discussion by F. Abildgård, A. P. Dempster, D. Basu, D. R. Cox, A. W. F. Edwards, D. A. Sprott, George A. Barnard, O. Barndorff-Nielsen, J. D. Kalbfleisch and G. Rasch and a reply by the author. Proceedings of Conference on Foundational Questions in Statistical Inference (Aarhus, 1973), pp. 1–42. Memoirs, No. 1, Dept. Theoret. Statist., Inst. Math., Univ. Aarhus, Aarhus, 1974.
Per Martin-Löf (1974), “The notion of redundancy and its use as a quantitative measure of the discrepancy between a statistical hypothesis and a set of observational data”, Scand. J. Statist. 11: 3-18
Sverdrup, Erling (1975), “Tests without power”, Scand. J. Statist. 23: 158–160
Martin-Löf, Per Reply to Erling Sverdrup's polemical article: ``Tests without power (Scand. J. Statist. 2 (1975), no. 3, 158–160). Scand. J. Statist. 2 (1975), no. 3, 161–165.
Sverdrup, Erling. A rejoinder to: ``Tests without power (Scand. J. Statist. 2 (1975), 161—165) by P. Martin-Löf. Scand. J. Statist. 4 (1977), no. 3, 136—138.
Per Martin-Löf (1977), “Exact tests, confidence regions and estimates. Foundations of probability and statistics. II”, Synthese36 (no. 2): 195-206
Rolf Sundberg (1971), “Maximum likelihood theory and applications for distributions generated when observing a function of an exponential family variable”, Dissertation, Institute for Mathematical Statistics (Stockholm University)
Rolf Sundberg (1974), “Maximum likelihood theory for incomplete data from an exponential family”, Scand. J. Statist1 (no.2): 49-58
Rolf Sundberg (1976), “An iterative method for solution of the likelihood equations for incomplete data from exponential families”, Comm. Statist.—Simulation Comput. B5 (no.1): 55—64
Rolf Sundberg (1975), “Some results about decomposable (or Markov-type) models for multidimensional contingency tables: distribution of marginals and partitioning of tests”, Scand. J. Statist2 (no. 2): 71—79
Thomas Höglund (1974), “The exact estimate — a method of statistical estimation”, Z. Wahrscheinlichkeitstheorie und Verw. Gebiete29: 257—271
Steffen L. Lauritzen (1988), “Extremal families and systems of sufficient statistics”, Lecture Notes in Statistics (Springer-Verlag, New York) 49: xvi+268 pp, ISBN0-387-96872-5
数学、論理学、及び計算機科学の基礎付け
Per Martin-Löf. A theory of types. Preprint, Stockholm University, 1971.
Per Martin-Löf. An intuitionistic theory of types. In G. Sambin and J. Smith, editors, Twenty-Five Years of Constructive Type Theory. Oxford University Press, 1998. Reprinted version of an unpublished report from 1972.
Per Martin-Löf. An intuitionistic theory of types: Predicative part. In H. E. Rose and J. C. Shepherdson, editors, Logic Colloquium ‘73, pages 73–118. North Holland, 1975.