^He returned for 100 days in 1815 but that had no bearing on the U.S.
^Brian DeToy, "The Impressment of American Seamen during the Napoleonic Wars," Consortium on Revolutionary Europe 1750-1850: Selected Papers, 1998 (1988) pp 492-501
^Paul A. Gilje, "'Free Trade and Sailors' Rights': The Rhetoric of the War of 1812," Journal of the Early Republic, Spring 2010, Vol. 30 Issue 1, pp 1-23
^Spencer Tucker, Injured Honor: The Chesapeake-Leopard Affair (2006).
^2 Stat. 451 (1807) Library of Congress, U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774–1875
^2 Stat. 379 (1806) Library of Congress, U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774–1875
^Malone, Dumas (1974). Jefferson the President: The Second Term. Boston: Brown-Little
^Harvey Strum, "Rhode Island and the Embargo of 1807." Rhode Island History 1994 52(2): 58-67
^H. Nicholas Muller, "Smuggling into Canada: How the Champlain Valley Defied Jefferson's Embargo." Vermont History 1970 38(1): 5-21
^Glenn Stine Gordinier, "Versatility in Crisis: The Merchants of the New London Customs District Respond to the Embargo of 1807-1809." PhD dissertation U. of Connecticut 2001. 333 pp. DAI 2001 62(2): 739-A. DA3004842
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