연결어

연결어(:transition, 혹은 linking word, signal word)는 문어(text)나 구어(speech)로 표현된 절(parageaph) 혹은 항목(section) 간의 관계를 보여주는 단어(word)나 구(phrase)를 말한다.[1] 연결어는 응결성(cohesion)을 더 분명하게 드러내거나, 내포된 사고(idea)가 어떻게 서로 연관되어 있는지를 드러내줌으로써, 응결성을 한층 부각시킨다.[1] 연결어는 독자를 어느 한 항목에서 다른 한 항목으로 넘겨주는 다리 역할을 한다.[1] 연결어는 논리 단계(steps of logic), 시간 경과(increments of time), 혹은 물리적 공간(physical space)으로 독자를 안내해준다. 즉 '연결어는 단어와 사고를 연결하여 독자들로 하여금 정신노동을 하지 않도록 하는 것이다.'[2]

정의

간단히 말하면, 한 연결어는 문어나 구어로 된 말의 두 부분 간의 관계를 보여준다. 마치 교량처럼 우리는 연결어들을 통하여 하나의 진술에서 다른 진술로 넘어가게 된다. 연결어를 통하여 문장을 짓고 말하고자 하는 바를 간결하게 전달할 수 있다.[3] 연결어는 여러 유형이 있다. 가장 흔하게 사용되는 것들은 다음과 같다.

대등 연결어(Coordinating transitions)

한 대등 관계(coordinate relationship)에 포함된 여러 요소들은 순위, 자격, 유의미성에 있어 동등하다.[4] 동등한 요소들 간의 연관성(link)을 보이기 위하여 대등 연결어를 사용한다.[5]

  • 유사성(similarity)을 드러내거나 보강(reinforce) : and, also, too, similarly, equally, identically, equally important, together with, not only ... but also, coupled with, in the light of, not to mention, as well as, furthermore, moreover, in the same fashion/ way, likewise, comparatively, correspondingly, by the same token, uniquely, to say nothing of.
  • 반례(opposing point) : but, however, yet, on the contrary, on the other hand, in contrast, still, neither, nor, nevertheless, besides[5]
  • 재언급(restatement) :[6] that is, in other words, in simpler terms, to put it differently, indeed.

종속 연결어(Subordinating transitions)

  • 하나의 내용을 여러 항목으로 구성된 하나의 계열(series)로 보여줌 :[7] first, in the first place, *second, in the second place, for one thing...., for another, next, then, in addition, finally, last,[8]
  • 예시(example) :[9] in particular, specifically, for instance, for example, that is, namely
  • 인과(causality) : as a result, hence, thus, so, then, because, since, for, consequently, accordingly, therefore
  • 요약(summary) 혹은 결론(conclusion) :[7] in conclusion, finally, all in all, evidently, clearly, actually, to sum up, altogether, of course
  • 양보(concession) :[9] naturally, of course, it is true, to be sure, granted, certainly
  • 양보 이후 주요 논점(main argument) 제시 : all the same, even though, still, nevertheless, nonetheless

시간 연결어(Temporal transitions)

  • 빈도(frequency) : frequently, hourly, often, occasionally, now and then, day after day, every so often, again and again
  • 지속(duration) : during, briefly, for a long time, minute by minute, while
  • 특정 시간(particular time) : now, then, at that time, in those days, last Sunday, next Christmas, in 1999, at the beginning of August, at six o’clock, first thing in the morning, two months ago, when,
  • 도입(beginning) 부분 표시 : at first, in the beginning, since, before then
  • 중반(middle) 부분 표시 : in the meantime, meanwhile, as it was happening, at that moment, at the same time, simultaneously, next, then
  • 종결(end) 혹은 추후(beyond) 부분 표시 : eventually, finally, at last, in the end, later, afterward

공간 연결어(Spatial transitions)

  • 인접성(closeness) : close to, near, next to, alongside, adjacent to, facing, side by side
  • 장거리(long distance) : in the distance, far, beyond, away, there
  • 방향성(direction) : up/down, sideways, along, across, to the right/left, in front of/behind, above/below, inside/outside: toward/away from

동의, 조건, 유사성 관련 연결어(Transition words of agreement, addition, or similarity)

'also, in addition, likewise' 등의 연결어는 정보를 추가하거나 사고를 보깅하거나 전술(preceding material)에 대한 동의를 표시한다.[10][11]

  • in the first place
  • not only ... but also
  • as a matter of fact
  • in like manner
  • in addition
  • coupled with
  • in the same fashion / way
  • also
  • then
  • equally
  • identically
  • uniquely
  • like
  • as
  • again
  • to
  • and
  • too
  • moreover
  • as well as
  • together with
  • of course
  • first, second, third
  • in the light of
  • not to mention
  • to say nothing of
  • equally important
  • by the same token
  • likewise
  • comparatively
  • correspondingly
  • similarly
  • furthermore
  • additionally
  • what's more

같이 보기

각주

  1. Rappaport 2010, 95쪽
  2. Garner 2002, 65쪽
  3. “Transition Words and Phrases: Useful List and Examples” (영어). 《7esl.com》. 7ESL. 2019년 1월 5일에 확인함. 
  4. Merriam-Webster
  5. Lindemann 2001, 152쪽
  6. UW Writing Center
  7. Purdue Online Writing Lab
  8. Smart Words
  9. Taraba
  10. “Transition words used in content creation - Complete GUIDE” (영국 영어). 《Growwwise》. 2018년 12월 2일. 2018년 12월 2일에 확인함. 
  11. L. Vos. (2023년 6월 19일)강력한 대학 전환 단어(PDF).이지에세이. 2023년 7월 27일에 확인함

Content Disclaimer

Informasi ini disarikan dari Wikipedia dan disajikan kembali untuk tujuan edukasi. Konten tersedia di bawah lisensi CC BY-SA 3.0. Kami tidak bertanggung jawab atas ketidakakuratan data yang bersumber dari kontribusi publik tersebut.

  1. The information displayed on this website is sourced in part or in whole from Wikipedia and has been adapted for the purpose of restating it. We strive to provide accurate and relevant information, however:
  2. There is no guarantee of absolute accuracy. Wikipedia is an open, collaborative project that can be edited by anyone, so information is subject to change.
  3. It is not intended to constitute professional advice. The content displayed is for informational and educational purposes only. For important decisions (e.g., medical, legal, or financial), please consult a professional.
  4. Content copyright. Wikipedia is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License (CC BY-SA). This means that content may be reused with appropriate attribution and shared under a similar license.
  5. Responsible use. Any risk arising from the use of information from this website is entirely the responsibility of the user.